• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.729-740
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• 2020

The study examines the efficiency of private sector banks in India with the help of Window DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) for a period from 2005 to 2017. With a window of three years, the period was divided into 11 windows. The study outcomes show that 59.9% of all private sector banks in India operate at more than 0.9 level of efficiency, and there are only three occasions when banks were operating at the efficiency value between 0.6 to 0.7. Further, the consistency in the efficiency scores of the banks has also been analyzed using an efficiency mapping matrix, and the mean efficiency score of the bank in each window is studied. The score of standard deviation was interpreted accordingly for these banks. Banks that are showing the highest efficiency scores also have a higher variance of efficiency scores. There was no bank identified in the matrix that promises high-efficiency ratings with low variability. The study concludes that the analysis of the efficiency mapping matrix indicates that, as a DMU escalates in the efficiency scores, the standard deviation reflecting the risk in overall efficiency scores also tends to rise. The findings complement the concept of higher risk to higher return or greater efficiency.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2022

Background: We investigated surgical outcomes after the surgical repair of cor triatriatum sinister (CTS). Methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients who underwent surgical repair of CTS from 1993 through 2020 were included in this study. The morphological characteristics, clinical features, and surgical outcomes were described and analyzed. Results: The median age and body weight at operation were 9 months (interquartile range [IQR], 3-238 months) and 7.5 kg (IQR, 5.8-49.6 kg), respectively. There were 16 males (50%). According to the modified Lucas classification, type IA (classical CTS) was most common (n=20, 62.5%). Atrial septal defect was associated in 22 patients (68.8%) and anomalous pulmonary venous return in 8 patients (25%). Pulmonary hypertension was preoperatively suspected with a high probability in 18 patients (56.3%). There was 1 early death (3.1%) after emergent membrane excision and hybrid palliation in a high-risk hypoplastic left heart syndrome patient. There were no late deaths. The overall survival rate was 96.9% at 15 years post-repair. No early survivors required reoperation during follow-up. Most survivors (31 of 32 patients, 96.9%) were in New York Heart Association functional class I at a median follow-up of 74 months (IQR, 39-195 months). At the latest echocardiography performed at a median of 42 months (IQR, 6-112 months) after repair, no residual lesion was observed except in 1 patient who had moderate pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 36 mm Hg). Conclusion: Surgical repair of cor triatriatum could be performed safely and effectively with an extremely low risk of recurrence.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.156-159
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• 2013

Background: Cardiac pacemakers are known to be susceptible to strong electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This in vivo study investigated occurrence of electromagnetic interference with pacemakers caused by common environmental sources of EMFs. Methods: Eleven volunteers with a pacemaker were exposed to EMFs produced by two mobile phone base stations, an electrically powered commuter train, and an overhead high voltage transmission lines. All the pacemakers were programmed in normal clinically selected settings with bipolar sensing and pacing configurations. Results: None of the pacemakers experienced interference in any of these exposure situations. However, often it is not clear whether or not strong EMFs exist in various work environments, and hence an individual risk assessment is needed. Conclusions: Modern pacemakers are well shielded against external EMFs, and workers with a pacemaker can most often return to their previous work after having a pacemaker implanted. However, an appropriate risk assessment is still necessary after the implantation of a pacemaker, a change of its generator, or major modification of its programming settings.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2024

Extreme rainfall will become intense due to climate change, increasing inundation risk to agricultural land. Hydrological and hydraulic simulations for the entire watershed were conducted to analyze the impact of climate change. Rainfall data was collected based on past weather observation and SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathway)5-8.5 climate change scenarios. Simulation for flood volume, reservoir operation, river level, and inundation of agricultural land was conducted through K-HAS (KRC Hydraulics & Hydrology Analysis System) and HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center - River Analysis System). Various scenarios were selected, encompassing different periods of rainfall data, including the observed period (1973-2022), near-term future (2021-2050), mid-term future (2051-2080), and long-term future (2081-2100), in addition to probabilistic precipitation events with return periods of 20 years and 100 years. The inundation area of the Aho-Buin district was visualized through GIS (Geographic Information System) based on the results of the flooding analysis. The probabilistic precipitation of climate change scenarios was calculated higher than that of past observations, which affected the increase in reservoir inflow, river level, inundation time, and inundation area. The inundation area and inundation time were higher in the 100-year frequency. Inundation risk was high in the order of long-term future, near-term future, mid-term future, and observed period. It was also shown that the Aho and Buin districts were vulnerable to inundation. These results are expected to be used as fundamental data for assessing the risk of flooding for agricultural land and downstream watersheds under climate change, guiding drainage improvement projects, and making flood risk maps.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.3-16
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• 2017

초고층 개발사업의 불확실한 리스크 요인을 고려한 재무타당성을 분석하기 위해 확률론적 접근방법을 통한 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 적용하기 위해서는 먼저 타당성 분석 시 고려되어야 하는 리스크 인자에 대한 식별이 이루어 져야 한다. 이 부분은 선행연구에서 식별된 초고층 개발사업의 단계별 리스크 요인들을 고려하고자 하며, 추출된 리스크 인자 중에서 개발사업의 수익을 저하시키는 리스크 인자들을 2차 식별하여 각 인자별 데이터의 특성을 잘 표현할 수 있는 확률분포를 추정하여 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 적용하였다. 이렇게 도출된 시뮬레이션 결과를 통하여 현실에서 사업타당성 검토 중인 여러 초고층 개발사업의 추후 운영 시 수익성을 예측하는 자료로 적용 가능한 대안을 찾아보고자 한다. 분석 결과, 아파트를 포함한 통합 현금흐름으로 추정한 초고층부의 평균 NPV와 IRR은 흑자 수익구조를 가지고 있다. 이는 아파트 분양수익으로 호텔 및 오피스에서 오는 적자를 상쇄시켜 주기 때문으로 보인다. 초고층부 시설 중 사업성에 미치는 영향력은 전망대 1차년도 매출액이 가장 크며, 다음으로 운영기간에 따른 오피스 공실률이 큰 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 초고층 개발사업의 수익성을 높이기 위한 최적의 포트폴리오 구성은 매우 중요함을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2021

In the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), social distancing and strict visitation policies at hospitals have made it difficult for medical staff to provide high-quality end-of-life (EOL) care to dying patients and their families. There are various issues related to EOL care, including psychological problems of patients and their families, difficulties in EOL decision-making, the complicated grief of the bereaved family, moral distress, and exhaustion of medical staff. In relation to these issues, we aimed to discuss practical considerations in providing high-quality EOL care in the COVID-19 pandemic. First, medical staff should discuss advance care planning as early as possible and use the parallel planning strategy. Second, medical staff should play a role in facilitating patient-family communication. Third, medical staff should actively and proactively evaluate and alleviate dying patients' symptoms using non-verbal communication. Lastly, medical staff should provide care for family members of the dying patient, who may be particularly vulnerable to post-bereavement problems in the COVID-19 era. Establishing a system of screening high-risk individuals for complicated grief and connecting them to bereavement support services might be considered. Despite the challenging and limited environment, providing EOL care is essential for patients to die with dignity in peace and for the remaining family to return to life after the loved one's death. Efforts considering the practical issues faced by all medical staff and healthcare institutions caring for dying patients should be made.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs and improvement measures of the risk assessment system through a survey of asbestos abatement companies. Methods: This study prepared a questionnaire that includes improvement measures for the risk assessment system(six questions) and the necessity of a risk assessment system for asbestos abatement(one question). The questionnaire was sent to 2,170 asbestos abatement companies and returned by 83 companies(return rate = 3.8%). We conducted frequency analysis, ANOVA, and Chi-squared testing at the 5% significance level. Results: This study analyzed the survey results and identified six main opinions on the risk assessment system and improvement measures. First, giving an advantage to companies with a high grade(S and A grades) in public bidding and/or qualification screening showed a similar preference(agree: 50.6%, disagree: 49.4%). Second, 57.6% of the respondents wanted to allow air showers along with water showers for low risk asbestos work. However, 23.2% of the respondents asserted that only a water shower should be allowed since there is no scientific evidence supporting the removal of asbestos by air shower. Third, in order to prevent missing the enrollment of workers, simply submitting a change report should be allowed when any worker is changed (40.0%). Fourth, 43% of the respondents answered that they did not know how to calculate the proper number of negative pressure units. The reasons given were a lack of guidelines or standards(38.9%), inconvenience (36.1%), and absence of education(25%). Fifth, the respondents who were favorable toward the necessity of a risk assessment system gave higher scores compared to unfavorable respondents on the necessity of the management of workers' work history(favorable respondent = 3.96 out of 5, unfavorable respondent = 2.68) and the necessity of professional training for workers(favorable respondent = 3.71, unfavorable respondent = 2.56). Finally, the respondents favorable toward a risk assessment system showed higher scores on the awareness of calculating the proper number of negative pressure units(4.79) compared to unfavorable respondents(3.3). Conclusions: The opinions of asbestos abatement companies identified through the survey in this study can be usefully utilized as fundamental information to improve the risk assessment system.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.59-81
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• 2011

21세기는 지식과 정보의 창출 및 활용이 모든 경제활동의 핵심이 되는 지식기반 경제로 접어들고 있다. 이 시대의 문화는 단순히 인문학적 개념의 문화를 벗어나 산업성이 강조된 문화로의 모습을 확보함으로 사회적 역할을 배가시키고 있다. 문화산업, 문화콘텐츠 산업에 대한 관심 확대는 중앙정부는 물론 대다수 지방정부에서 지역경제 활성화의 명분아래 진흥하고 있는 사업이 되고 있다. 문화산업은 한 국가나 사회의 고유한 문화적 내용을 창조적인 기획력을 바탕으로 재창조해 내는 산업으로 대표적인 고위험 고수익(high risk and high return)산업이며 창조산업과 벤처산업의 특성이 어우러진 독특한 산업적 특성을 지니고 있다는 점이다. 이러한 시대와 산업적인 흐름에 일조 할 수 있는 우리의 소중한 문화자산이며 역사인 의병운동사는 또 하나의 원천 자원이 될 것이다. 역사적으로 보면 외부의 침략으로부터 나라를 구하기 위하여 자발적으로 일어난 의병운동은 우리의 가장 진솔한 민족문화의 하나 일 것이다. 우리나라는 과거부터 수많은 외침으로부터 나라를 지켜왔다. 임진의병, 정유의병 그리고 구한말의병으로 이어져 오는 그 정신과 문화 그리고 관련 유적 등은 전국 방방곡곡에 산재해 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 이러한 의병운동을 문화관광산업과 연계 할 수 있는 방안과 활성화를 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.225-236
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• 2024

기후위기에 선제적으로 대비하기 위해서는 기후변화에 따른 영향을 예측 및 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 기후위기 적응과 관련한 정책과 전략을 수립할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 기후변화를 고려해야 하나, 기존 연구 방법인 시나리오 리드 접근법에서 연구자들은 기후변화 대표 시나리오를 선택하여 활용하기 때문에, 예측된 결과의 불확실성이 크고 신뢰도가 낮다. 이러한 연구 결과는 기후변화 관련된 수자원 정책 및 설계기준에 반영되는 데 한계가 있다. 따라서 기후변화로 인해 발생가능한 변화 범위를 고려하는 시나리오 중립 접근법을 활용할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 보령시를 대상으로 총 343개의 기후스트레스 시계열을 생성한 뒤 이변량 가뭄빈도분석을 통해 재현기간을 산정하고 가뭄에 대한 수문학적 위험도를 산정하였다. 분석결과, SSP1-2.6 18개 및 SSP5-8.5에 18개에 대해 최대 재현기간의 가뭄이 20년 내에 발생할 수문학적 위험도는 0.15±0.025, 50년 내에 발생할 수문학적 위험도는 0.3125±0.0625 사이로 나타났다. 따라서 보령시에서는 해당 범위의 수문학적 위험도를 고려하여 가뭄 정책 및 대책 수립이 필요하다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.483-494
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• 2013

국제적인 금융위기가 연달아 발생하면서, 금융리스크관리의 중요성이 어느 때보다 더 커지고 있다. 금융리스크관리의 주요 현안 가운데 하나는 리스크를 어떻게 측정할 것인가이며, 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 방법이 Value at Risk(VaR)이다. 금융자료가 최근 시장에서처럼 두꺼운 꼬리를 갖는 분포를 보일 때, 우리는 극단치 이론을 이용하여 VaR를 측정하는 방법을 고려할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 꼬리가 매우 두꺼운 분포를 갖는 자료를 적합시킬 때 많이 사용되는 Peaks over Threshold(POT)를 이용하여 VaR를 측정하는 방법을 연구하였다. POT를 이용하기 위해서는 우선 일반화 파레토 분포(GPD)의 모수를 추정해야 하는데, 여기서 우리는 KOSPI 5분 자료를 이용하여 추정된 VaR의 성능을 살펴봄으로써 세 가지 다른 모수추정 방법을 비교하였다. 또한, Normal Inverse Gaussian(NIG) 분포에서 자료를 생성하여 두 가지 다른 모수추정 방법을 비교하기도 하였다. 이러한 비교를 통하여 KOSPI 수익률 자료의 첨도가 매우 큰 경우에는 최근 제안된 모수추정 방법들이 최대가능도 추정법에 비해 월등히 나은 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었고, 모의실험 자료에서도 같은 결과를 확인하였다.