• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2001

Background: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) express many cell surface molecules, which regulate the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells within the bone marrow. Methods: To identify cell surface molecules, which can regulate cell proliferation through cell interaction, monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against BMSCs were produced. Among them, 1H8 MoAb, which recognized distinctly an 80 kDa protein, abolished myeloma cell proliferation that was induced by co-culturing with BMSCs. Results: IL-6 gene expression was increased when myeloma or stromal cells were treated with 1H8 MoAb. In addition, the expression of IL-6 receptor and CD40 was up-regulated by 1H8 treatment, suggesting that the molecule recognized by 1H8 MoAb is involved in cell proliferation by modulating the expression of cell growth-related genes. Myeloma cells contain high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are related to gene expression and tumorigenesis. Treatment with 1H8 decreased the intracellular ROS level and increased PAG antioxidant gene concomitantly. Finally, 1H8 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in U266. Conclusion: Taken together, 1H8 MoAb recognized the cell surface molecule and triggered the intracellular signals, which led to modulate gene expression and cell proliferation.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

Human cyclin D3 gene (CCND3) located on 6p21.1 is important for the regulation of the G1-S phase transition of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk4 and Cdk6. Because little is known about the effect of cyclin D3 in various human cancers, we evaluated the intricate relationship between expression of cyclin D3 and the process of HCC development using immunohis tochemistry and TUNEL assay on 43 paraffin embedded tissues. Cyclin D3 immunoreactivity was more frequently observed in the tumors with high histologic grade and the tumors with metastasis, and more frequently expressed in HCCs with cirrhotic background and gain of 6p21.1 when compared with those with non-neoplastic tissue. Apoptotic cells were more common in tumor with cirrhotic background, amplification of 6p21.1 and expression of cyclin D3 when compared with HCCs with lower level of cyclin D3 expression. Also, we observed that some of the cyclin D3 positive cell and apoptotic cell were co-localized. From these results, it is suggested that over-expression of cyclin D3 may contribute to more rapid cell turn-over in the background of HCC, and balance between proliferation and apoptosis is a role in the progression of HCC with cirrhotic background.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2002

Previously, we observed high level expression of goat β-casein/genomic hGH fusion gene in mammary gland of transgenic mice. To develop an expression vector to make a human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) protein efficiently produced in milk of transgenic animals, we designed a new bicistronic vector using the goat β-casein/genomic hGH fusion gene as regulation sequences for expression and internal ribosome entry site (IRES) as a mediator for second gene expression. This vector was constructed by insertion of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES-dependent second gene region coupled with hG-CSF cDNA into 3' untranslated region of an intact hGH gene. By microinjcetion, four transgenic mice were generated and three of them transmitted the bicistronic vector to their progeny. (omitted)

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.95-122
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the moderating effect of gender between parenting attitude and anger expression of adolescent. Particularly, to ensure that the anger of emotion is common nature, this study was conducted on the middle class adolescent of stable economic status. Method: The subjects of this study were 357 students, first grade from 3 high schools in Seoul. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation, and hierarchial regression, using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The main results were as follows: First, in parenting attitude the perception of monitoring and affection was less important for boys than girls, but more important in over expectation and neglect. Second, in anger expression the level of anger-control appeared higher than anger-in and anger-out, no significant gender difference in subfactors. Third, the effect of gender moderated the relationships between parenting attitude and anger expression of adolescent. Conclusions: The results indicated the need to recognize gender difference in controlling anger of adolescent and to improve dysfunctional parenting attitude in middle class. Furthermore, the implications were discussed in enhancing parent-adolescent communication, developing emotional education programs, and preventing juvenile delinquency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.747-754
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• 2005

Nutritional regulation of gene expression associated with growth and feeding behavior in avian species can become an important technique to improve poultry production according to the supply of nutrients in the diet. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) found in chickens has been characterized to be a 70 amino acid polypeptide and plays an important role in growth and metabolism. Although it is been well known that IGF-I is highly associated with embryonic development and post-hatching growth, changes in the distribution of IGF-I gene expression throughout early- to late-embryogenesis have not been studied so far. We revealed that the developmental pattern of IGF-I gene expression during embryogenesis differed among various tissues. No bands of IGF-I mRNA were detected in embryonic liver at 7 days of incubation, and thereafter the amount of hepatic IGF-I mRNA was increased from 14 to 20 days of incubation. In eyes, a peak in IGF-I mRNA levels occurred at mid-embryogenesis, but by contrast, IGF-I mRNA was barely detectable in the heart throughout all incubation periods. In the muscle, no significant difference in IGF-I gene expression was observed during different stages of embryogenesis. After hatching, hepatic IGF-I gene expression as well as plasma IGF-I concentration increases rapidly with age, reaches a peak before sexual maturity, and then declines. The IGF-I gene expression is very sensitive to changes in nutritional conditions. Food-restriction and fasting decreased hepatic IGF-I gene expression and refeeding restored IGF-I gene expression to the level of fed chickens. Dietary protein is also a very strong factor in changing hepatic IGF-I gene expression. Refeeding with dietary protein alone successfully restored hepatic IGF-I gene expression of fasted chickens to the level of fed controls. In most circumstances, IGF-I makes a complex with specific high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). So far, four different IGFBPs have been identified in avian species and the major IGFBP in chicken plasma has been reported to be IGFBP-2. We studied the relationship between nutritional status and IGFBP-2 gene expression in various tissues of young chickens. In the liver of fed chickens, almost no IGFBP-2 mRNA was detected. However, fasting markedly increased hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression, and the level was reduced after refeeding. In the gizzard of well-fed young chickens, IGFBP-2 gene expression was detected and fasting significantly elevated gizzard IGFBP-2 mRNA levels to about double that of fed controls. After refeeding, gizzard IGFBP-2 gene expression decreased similar to hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression. In the brain, IGFBP-2 mRNA was observed in fed chickens and had significantly decreased by fasting. In the kidney, IGFBP-2 gene expression was observed but not influenced by fasting and refeeding. Recently, we have demonstrated in vivo that gizzard and hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression in fasted chickens was rapidly reduced by intravenous administration of insulin, as indicated that in young chickens the reduction in gizzard and hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression in vivo stimulated by malnutrition may be, in part, regulated by means of the increase in plasma insulin concentration via an insulin-response element. The influence of dietary protein source (isolated soybean protein vs. casein) and the supplementation of essential amino acids on gizzard IGFBP-2 gene expression was examined. In both soybean protein and casein diet groups, the deficiency of essential amino acids stimulated chickens to increase gizzard IGFBP-2 gene expression. Although amino acid supplementation of a soybean protein diet significantly decreased gizzard IGFBP-2 mRNA levels, a similar reduction was not observed in chickens fed a casein diet supplemented with amino acids. This overview of nutritional regulation of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 gene expression in young chickens would serve for the establishment of the supply of nutrients to diets to improve poultry production.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2012

Glycolysis is responsible for the conversion of glucose into pyruvate and for supplying reducing power and several metabolites. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (AtFBA1), a central enzyme in the glycolysis pathway, was isolated by functional complementation of the salt-sensitive phenotype of a calcineurin (CaN)-deficient yeast mutant. Under high salinity conditions, aldolase activity and the concentration of NADH were compromised. However, expression of AtFBA1 maintained aldolase activity and the NADH level in yeast cells. AtFBA1 shares a high degree of sequence identity with known class I type aldolases, and its expression was negatively regulated by stress conditions including NaCl. The fusion protein GFP-AtFBA1 was localized in the cytosol of Arabidopsis protoplasts. The seed germination and root elongation of AtFBA1 knock-out plants exhibited sensitivity to ABA and salt stress. These results indicate that AtFBA1 expression and aldolase activity is important for stress tolerance in yeast and plants.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2017

Obesity is a critical risk factor for the hypertension. Although angiotensin II (Ang II) in obese individuals is known to be upregulated in obesity-induced hypertension, direct evidence that explains the underlying mechanism for increased vascular tone and consequent increase in blood pressure (BP) is largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the novel mechanism underlying Ang II-induced hyper-contractility and hypertension in obese rats. Eight-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 60% fat diet or normal diet for 4 months. Body weight, plasma lipid profile, plasma Ang II level, BP, Ang II-induced vascular contraction, and expression of regulatory proteins modulating vascular contraction with/without Ang II stimulation were measured. As a result, high fat diet (HFD) accelerated age-dependent body weight gaining along with increased plasma Ang II concentration. It also increased BP and Ang II-induced aortic contraction. Basal expression of p-CPI-17 and myosin light chain (MLC) kinase was increased by HFD along with increased phosphorylation of MLC. Ang II-induced phosphorylation of CPI-17 and MLC were also higher in HFD group than control group. In conclusion HFD-induced hypertension is through at least in part by increased vascular contractility via increased expression and activation of contractile proteins and subsequent MLC phosphorylation induced by increased Ang II.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.382-387
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• 2008

It is known that the stable protein 1 (SP1) detected in aspen plants remains soluble upon boiling and that sp1 expression in transgenic aspen is resistant to salt stress. Presently, we analyzed the effect of expression of SP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants and their response to high temperature stress. After $45^{\circ}C$ for 16 h, relative to wild type plants, sp1 transgenic plants exhibited stronger growth and were better in several physiological properties including chlorophyII, chlorophyII fluorescence, water content, proline content, and malondialdehyde content. These preliminarily results suggest that the over-expression of SP1 may notably enhance heat-tolerant level of transgenic A. thaliana plants.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2006

[ ${\alpha}-Naphthylisothiocyanate$ ] (ANIT) induces intrahepatic cholestasis, involving damage to biliary epitheial cells. This study investigates hepatic gene expression and histopathological alterations in response to ANIT treatment in order to elucidate early time response of ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity. ANIT was treated with single dose (3, 6, and 60 mg/kg) in corn oil by oral gavage. Serum biochemical and histopathological observation were performed for evaluation of hepatotoxicity level. Affymetrix oligo DNA chips were used for gene expression profile by ANIT-induced hetpatoxicity. Hepatic enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP) were increased in 24 hr high dose group. In microscopic observations, moderate hepatocellular necrosis, were confirmed 24 hr high dose groups. We found that gene expression patterns were dependent on time and dose. Our selected genes were related inflammation and immunomodulation. In this study, ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity was involved in acute phase responses and provides evidence for role of neutrophil could be mechanism associated with ANIT-mediated hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2022

Natural killer (NK) cell activity is more attenuated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients than normal. Hypoxic-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is highly expressed in tumors to maintain their metabolism in a hypoxic environment. The expression of HIF-1α in cancers can lead to cell growth, proliferation, invasion/metastasis and immune escape. Although apigenin, a flavonoid, is known to have various biological activities, it has not been demonstrated in NK cell immune activity in HCC cells. In this study, NK-92 cells were directly cocultured with HCC SK-Hep1 cells for 24 h to evaluate NK cell activity in HCC cells or HCC cells expressing HIF-1α by apigenin. NK cell cytotoxicity to HCC cells expressing HIF-1α was significantly increased, and NK cell-activating receptors, NKG2D, NKp30 and NKp44 were highly expressed. The activating effect of apigenin on NK cells substantially induced apoptosis in HCC cells expressing HIF-1α through high expression of CD95L on the surface of NK-92 cells. Moreover, apigenin excellently inhibited the level of TGF-β1 in a coculture of NK cells and HCC cells. In conclusion, apigenin seems to be a good compound that increases NK cell cytotoxicity to HCC cells by controlling HIF-1α expression.