• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7820-7830
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• 2015

우리나라 도시근로자의 가계소득과 외식비는 함께 증가하고 있으나, 시간이 경과와 더불어 가계소득에 비해 외식비 증가율이 크게 둔화되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 가계소득에서 외식비가 차지하는 비율도 감소하고 있다. 이러한 외식비 지출패턴의 변화는 소득계층에 따라서도 달라 외식비가 가계소득에서 차지하는 비중은 2005년 이후 감소하나 10분위의 외식비 비중이 가장 낮고 1분위의 비중이 가장 높다는 것과, 외식비 비중의 표준편차도 소득계층이 높을수록 작고 소득계층이 낮을수록 크다는 것을 보인다. 외식비모형에 회귀분석을 적용하여 소득계수가 모두 유의하며 소득분위가 높을수록 계수의 크기가 작다는 것과 외환위기는 1분위와 10분위를 제외하고 음의 부호로 유의하다는 것을 밝힌다. 1분위와 2분위에서는 계절에 따른 외식비 변화가 없으며, 소득계층이 높을수록 계절에 따른 외식이 분명해진다는 것도 제시한다. 시간이 흐름에 따른 외식비 패턴의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 전향적 이동회귀를 실시하여 단순 추정에 따른 것보다 훨씬 빠른 속도로 외식비의 소득탄력성 감소가 이루어지고 있다는 것을 밝힌다. 외식비를 분산분해하여 소득수준이 낮은 계층에서는 소득이 중요한 변수이나 소득수준이 높은 계층에서는 소득 이외의 요인들이 외식비에 많은 영향을 미친다는 것을 보인다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.702-717
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• 2014

이 연구는 대구 경북에 거주하는 가구를 대상으로 가구특성별로 주거입지 선호요인을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 연구목적 하에서 첫째로, 대구 경북지역 가구의 주거입지 요인 선호도에 대한 설문을 실시하고, 둘째로, 설문결과를 토대로 한 AHP 분석을 통해 가구특성별 주거입지 선호요인의 특징을 분석하고, 마지막으로 대구 경북지역 가구의 주거입지 전략에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째로, 대구 경북 가구들이 중요하게 고려하는 주거입지 요인으로는 향후 시세차익, 생활환경, 대중교통 접근성, 자가용 교통 접근성, 안전성 순으로 나타난다. 따라서 대구 경북 가구는 주거입지 선정 시 주택의 투자가치와 생활여건을 동시에 고려한다는 것을 볼 수 있다. 둘째로, 연령별 AHP 분석결과를 보면, 30대 이하는 접근성 요인에서, 40대는 향후 시세차익과 학군 요인에서, 50대 이상은 생활환경과 자연환경, 안전성 요인에서 상대적으로 높은 선호도를 보인다. 셋째로, 가구소득별 AHP 분석결과를 보면, 3천만원 미만의 저소득층은 생활환경과 접근성 요인에서, 3천만~6천만원의 중간소득층은 향후 시세차익과 접근성 요인에서, 6천만원 이상의 고소득층은 안전성, 자가용교통 접근성, 조망권/일조권 요인에서 상대적으로 높은 선호도를 보인다. 따라서 대구 경북 가구들은 연령과 가구소득에 따라 선호하는 입지요인이 차별적으로 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.322-330
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of nutrient intake and metabolic syndrome between single person households and non-single person households in elderly subjects. We analyzed data from 2,903 subjects ≥ age 65 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013~2015. As a result, single-person households had lower income and economic ability, overall nutrient intake was deteriorated, and the proportion of high-carbohydrate intake was high, compared to non-single person households. After adjusting for potential confounders (sex, age, education, household income, economic activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, walking frequency, health status, depression status, and dietary factors), the single-person household showed a tendency of 1.22-fold higher ORs of metabolic syndrome and 1.3-fold higher ORs of hypertriglyceridemia than the non-single-person household. We suggest that the single-person household may be associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and hypertriglyceridemia in the elderly subjects.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-56
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• 2005

This paper used two threshold approaches to measure the equity in urban households' out-of-pocket payments for health care from 1997 to 2002, which developed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer. One approach used catastrophic health expenditure, which means that payments exceed a 'pre-specified proportion' of total consumption expenditures or ability to pay and the other used impoverishment that they did not drive households into poverty. Indicies for 'catastrophic expenditure' captured intensity as well as its incidence and also the degree of which catastrophic payments occur disproportionately among poor households. Measure of poverty impact also captured both intensity and incidence. The methods applied with data on out-of-pocket payments from the Urban Household Expenditure Survey Incidence and intensity of catastrophic payments - both in terms of total household consumption as well as ability to pay - increased between 1997 and 2002, and that both incidence and intensity of 'catastrophic expenditure' became less concentrated among the poor, but more concentrated in 2001 than in 1997. The incidence and intensity of the poverty impact of out-of-pocket payments increased between 1997 and 2002. Health security system may not have provided financial protection against catastrophic health expenditure to low-income households, because of high user fee policy not considering income level. The policies alleviating catastrophic health payments among the poor need to be more developed, and two threshold approaches further evaluated on our policy context.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.31-57
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• 2019

본 연구는 분가의 양상을 분석하고, 이를 통해 상대적 빈곤에 대한 시사점을 제시한다. 분가 확률은 가구 소득이 높을수록 높으며, 분가 이후 취업자 및 소득이 더 큰 폭으로 증가하는 양상을 보인다. 즉, 분가는 소득이 높은 가구에서 더 빈번하게 발생하는 정상재(normal goods)의 성격이 강한 것으로 판단된다. 노인 가구에 대한 역사실적 분석(counter-factual analysis) 결과, 상대 빈곤에 처한 노인 가구들 가운데 최근 분가한 자녀세대의 부양능력을 감안할 경우 빈곤의 규모가 1/3~1/8까지로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 부양의무 조항이 삭제된 빈곤 정책은 실질적으로 빈곤하지 않는 노인들에게 정부지출이 집중되는 비효율을 초래할 우려도 높다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.586-596
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• 1998

The relevance and importance of buffalo production under coconut plantations in the North Westen Province of Sri Lanka was studied in three districts (Bingiriya, Pannala, Kuliyapitiya). The objective of the study was to collect baseline information on socioeconomic and cultural aspects of buffalo production, with a view to promote and disseminate new technologies. The survey technique used consisted of a formal survey using a structured questionnaire (71 households) and rapid appraisal (55 households). The results indicate the existence of a wide stratification of dariy farmers which ranged from skilled dairy operators with high levels of production and management of efficiency to marginal subsistence farmers with low levels of productivity. The most frequent family size of households ranged from 4-5 members (58%), and the average family size was 4.7. The actual average land ownership accounts to 2.4 ha of upland and 0.5 ha of lowland, but when their accessibility to common property resources are taken into account, the land availability was assessed at 13 ha and 0.7 ha of upland and lowland, respectively. The highest average monthly income (Rs. 13,590) was received by farmers with off-farm employment (primary) who are also engaged in livestock production (secondary), and livestock contributed 43% of the total income. Livestock farmers who practised integrated crop farming as a secondary source of income received a monthly income of Rs. 10,843, and those involved in crop production as the primary source received the lowest average income (Rs. 7,295). The survey revealed a high investment cost on concentrate feeds (47%) for milk production. However some farmers obtained higher milk yields (11 litres/cow/day) at lower ration costs, and this could be attributed to the entrepreneurship skills and management efficiency. The study area had a well developed market infrastructure for fresh milk, principally due to the existence of the Nestle's company and the Coconut Triangle Milk Union. On an average the producer collected Rs. 10 per litre of milk marketed.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to research into the relationship between the clothing pur-chase practices of high school girls and the economic level of the households. For the survey of Economic Level of the households, the information of the monthly income of the households were extracted from the Annual Report of the City-Household in the Economic Planning Board. The survey of clothing purchase practices is based on Ryan's Clothing: A Study in Human Behavior. The questionnaires were distributed to the seven girls' high school in Seoul. The data from 354 respondents was analyzed by Peargons' r, ANOVA and $x^2$ test. The Results were : 1. There was a significant relationship between clothing Purchase Practices variables and the monthly incomes of the households. 2. There were differences in clothing purchase practices variables according to the monthly incomes of the households. 3. There were significant relationships among the three clothing purchase Practices variables.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.129-142
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to identify education expenditure and to analyze contributing factors to total education expenditure for two children among married couples. For these purposes, total sample of 1,256 married couples those having two children of both pre-school aged and school aged were selected, and total sample was divided into four groups by first child's school aged; those were pre-school aged(375), elementary school aged(385), middle & high school aged(248) & college aged(248). Statistics used for the analysis were frequencies, means, percentile, and tobit and OLS analysis. The results were as follows. First, the households those having the first child of pre-school aged didn't spent for public education expenditure, while public education xpenditure of school aged increased continuously. The households having the first child of high school aged spent the most private education expenditure among four groups, however, total education expenditure of the households having the first child in college aged spent the most education expenditure were household head's age, family size, home ownership and financial asset amount, and elementary school-aged's factors were household head's age, education level, home ownership and total household income. Also, household head's education level, wife's expectation of future economy, residence, total household income had significant effects on total education expenditure in middle and high school-aged, and household head's job, home ownership, contact with neighborhood, residence and Engel's coefficient were significant variables in college aged.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to provide basic data for the establishment of effective health policies for the unmet medical experience that may occur among the elderly depending on whether they live in a singleperson household or not. Methodology: This study used data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2020) and excluded cases with missing values in variables for the total number of respondent participants of 15,469. Finally, 2,850 subjects aged 65 or older were selected for final analysis. This study examined the relationship between experiences of unmet medical needs, attempting to confirm the relationship between single-person households and unmet medical needs through subgroup analysis considering gender, age, and household income. Results: According to the results, in the case of single-person households, the odds ratio (OR) for unmet medical needs was significantly higher at 1.60 times (95% CI: 1.16-2.21). Upon conducting subgroup analyses for gender, age, and household income quintiles, the OR was significantly higher at 2.24 times (95% CI: 1.14-4.41) for males and 1.48 times (95% CI: 1.02-2.14) for females, statistically significant in both cases. For individuals aged 65-69, the OR was significantly higher at 1.90 times (95% CI: 1.04-3.47), but for those aged 70-74 and over 75, it was not statistically significant. In the case of households with 'low' income, the OR was higher at 1.62 times (95% CI: 1.16-2.26), and for 'middle' income, it was significantly higher at 3.21 times (95% CI: 1.08-9.51). Conclusion: This study confirmed that the experience of unmet medical care is high among men who make up single-person households and low-income seniors. Therefore, this study suggests that policies to expand medical services and support welfare for single-person households should be established to resolve these problems, showing that health policies that take into account individual and regional characteristics are needed to improve medical accessibility for single-person households.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2008

The propose of this study is to examine the economic stresses and coping strategies for elderly households depending on the variables of background, and to analyze the relations between these factors. Elderly households which satisfied the following criteria were recruited for participation: (a) reside in Seoul, or in the metropolitan area (b) live apart from their adult children after retirement and (c) ages over sixty. From September 20th, 2006 to November 30th, 2006, 296 were used for this research. First, the mean score of the economic stress level of elderly households was 2.87 out of 5, and the stress levels of income expenditure and asset debt were intermediate. The mean score of the economic coping strategy was 3.17 out of 5. In order to overcome economic stress, elderly households utilized reducing their expenditure, financial management, and re-employment. The level of elderly households' life satisfaction was 3.29 of 5 and the depression was 3.17 of 5. Second, there was a difference in accordance with the objective economic variables and the degree of the economic stress after the review of the variables of the elderly households and the coping strategy due to economic stress. The result shows that the households which had a low economic status and high economic stress from the objective viewpoint participated in more economic activities. Their reactions were to decrease the overall expenditure through reducing the expenditure rather than to manage the asset effectively through re-employment or to inaugurating a business. Third, I analyzed situational factors, economic stress, and economic coping strategy in order to compare relative contributors to psychological well-being through using regression. At the third phase in the process of analysis, the socio-psychological factors appeared to be significant factors contributing to psychological well-being. Regarding the stress caused by income expenditure increased, when elderly households were more concerned about reducing expenditure and re-employment, their feelings of depression increased.