• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.305-310
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• 2023

Bandiburichodang (BDC) is a new variety of Zea mays L. Total polyphenol content (TPC) assay and quantitative analysis of ferulic acid (FA) were performed to determine the steaming, roasting conditions of BDC kernels that lead to the highest content. TPC levels increased after roasting under all conditions. TPC levels in samples steamed at 115 ℃ for 25 min were 3.157 mg/g before roasted, and increased to 3.825 and 4.739 mg/g after roasting at 160 and 200 ℃, respectively. Whether BDC kernels were roasted was relevant with TPC content. BDC kernels were extracted to perform quantitative analysis of FA. Roasting temperature affected FA content: the higher the temperature, the lower the content. BDC kernels that were steamed at 115 ℃ for 25 min had 0.178 mg/g of FA content before roasting, and levels decreased to 0.132 and 0.115 mg/g after roasting. Under different roasting conditions, FA content decreased 15 to 50%. We hypothesize that this phenomenon is due to a breakdown of phenolic compounds or cell wall disruption.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

Red ginseng is made of white ginseng through the steaming and drying procedure. In this process, the amounts of toxic elements of ginseng are decreased and those of effective components, ginsenosides are increased. In order to identify the components alteration of white ginseng by processing time, we applied HPLC-based metabolomics approach combined with the principal component analysis (PCA) multivariate analysis. White ginsengs were steamed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 h, respectively and followed by drying process at moderate temperature. Then the steamed ginsengs and the commercial red ginsengs were analyzed by HPLC. On the basis of HPLC results, PCA multivariate analysis was applied for evaluating the quality of red ginseng, which showed the processed ginsengs are grouped by processed time because less polar ginsenosides were increased in proportion as the steaming time was increased. The purchased red ginsengs were distributed in the range of $0{\sim}1$ hour steaming time. This pilot experiment suggests that HPLC-based metabolomics approach is able to allow the quality of herbal medicines to be controlled with a simple and economic method.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.281-283
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• 2001

The low foamed high strengthen styrofoam samples made by dielectric heating are discussed. We used the oscillator which have the frequency of 13.6MHz and the Power of 7kW. 3 times expanded beads by steaming method were used in our foam-molding test. Internal fusion properties and density of internal structure were improved by dielectric foaming process. At the temperature of 105-110$^{\circ}C$, the internal fusion property was maximally improved.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.4-19
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• 2009

Though admitting that, in light of the recent archaeological trend, the excavation on relics of Sam-gama (a sort of kiln steaming the hemp) is increasingly reported, little efforts by far have been made not only to restore its traditional structure design but also to research hardly the change of hemp-steaming technologies in ages. In this regard, this paper shows the exploration of structural method and design as well as operability with regard to Sam-gut, traditional hemp-processing equipment that was recently reconstructed in Jungsun, Kangwon Province. Samgut, generally positioned at the waterside area, is an traditional device for steaming hemp to get bast fibers from the raw material of hemp, principally consisting of HWA-JIP(fire-place) to obtain steams by feeding fire ad Mong-got(boiling chamber) to make the hemp steamed after stacking. More specifically, thick round-logs were piled at the bottom of Hwajip prior to stacking stones around its circumferential area. When the timber positioned below gets burned with high temperature to heat stones existing in the upper side, waters then poured onto it after laying a bundle of grass and soil up to the boiled stones. If so, there generates hot vapor, which is conveyed to Monggot to steam the hemp. Functionally, it is of outstanding importance that Samgut is capable of producing high-temperature water vapors instantaneously under the intensive manpower, thus being constructed achievable for those purposes. The Samgut made by digging the ground is an instant facility that is closed after use. The remains, which were used to generate higher thermal power for steaming hemp, make it hard to excavate the historic traits because there left little vestiges in the soil, which means keen attention must be paid to find out the trace of Smgama relics. Future research stall be focused on collection of broader data regarding Samgut including technological review in extracting bas fibers from the hemp.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2014

In the present report, the effects of blanching, steaming, and high temperature/high pressure processing (HTHP) on the amino acid contents of commonly consumed Korean root vegetables, leaf vegetables, and pulses were evaluated using an Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer. The total amino acid content of the samples tested was between 3.38 g/100 g dry weight (DW) and 21.32 g/100 g DW in raw vegetables and between 29.36 g/100 g DW and 30.55 g/100 g DW in raw pulses. With HTHP, we observed significant decreases in the lysine and arginine contents of vegetables and the lysine, arginine, and cysteine contents of pulses. Moreover, the amino acid contents of blanched vegetables and steamed pulses were more similar than the amino acid contents of the HTHP vegetables and HTHP pulses. Interestingly, lysine, arginine, and cysteine were more sensitive to HTHP than the other amino acids. Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analyses were also performed to discriminate the clusters and patterns of amino acids.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1024-1031
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• 2012

The thermal bonding PET fabrics were produced through high temperature steaming (HTS) of low melting PET yarn as warp and composite fancy yarn containing low melting PET yarn as weft. The low melting PET yarn of sheath-core structure consisted of a regular PET in core portion and low melting PET in sheath portion. The composite fancy yarn consisted of regular PET yarn as inner part and effect part and low melting PET yarn as binding part. This study was carried out to investigate the melting behavior of thermal bonded PET fabric, the effect of HTS on the thermal bonding, mechanical properties, and dyeing properties. The melting peak of low melting PET yarn showed two melting peaks caused by sheath-core structure. Almost the entire thermal bonding of the fancy PET fabrics containing low melting PET yarn has formed at $200^{\circ}C{\times}3min$ of HTS. The tensile strength in warp and weft direction of the fancy PET fabrics slightly decreased as temperature of HTS increased. The total K/S value of the fancy PET fabrics decreased slightly to $180^{\circ}C{\times}3min$ of HTS, while increased slightly above $200^{\circ}C{\times}3min$ of HTS. The changes in the hue angle ($H^{\circ}$) of the thermal bonded fancy PET fabrics dyed with disperse dyes hardly ever happened.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.21-27
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• 2007

The factors which affect the absorption and diffusion of disperse dye in print paste for polyester film were investigated using film roll method. When Emvatex print paste of different disperse dye concentrations were fixed by high temperature steaming(HTS) for 2 hr at $190^{\circ}C$, the dye uptake and diffusion distance of 50g/kg dye concentration for PET film were very low, but those of 100$\sim$300g/kg were increased with increasing dye concentration. It was found that sodium alginate(5%) was more effective for the absorption and diffusion of disperse dye to PET film than CMC(3%) and Emvatex(18%), and Emvatex showed comparatively low absorption in three thickeners used. The dye uptake and diffusion distance of disperse dye in sodium alginate paste for PET film were increased with increasing paste thickness to $160\sim180{\mu}m$, but were decreased at $200\sim220{\mu}m$ in both fixations of baking and HTS for 2 hr at $190^{\circ}C$, and were far more largely increased by fixation of HTS than baking because steam was very important for fixation. Also it was confirmed that dye uptake was slightly increased as steam supply pressure was raised from 1 $kg/cm^2$ to 2 $kg/cm^2$, andthe dye uptake and diffusion distance of disperse dye were outstandingly increased with raising fixing temperature from $170^{\circ}C$ to $190^{\circ}C$ and fixing time from 0.5 hr to 3 hr in the fixation of HTS.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.179-182
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• 2003

Anaerobic fermentation was attempted to produce methane from the wood chip (Eucalyptus globulus). By the pretreatment of the wood chip using hot water with high temperature, NaOH, and steam explosion, the production of methane gas was enhanced. The pretreatment using Steam explosion resulted in more amount of methane gas produced than the treatment using either hot water or 1% (w/w) NaOH with high temperature, and the steam explosion at a steam pressure of 25 atm and a steaming time of 3 min was the most effective for the methane production. The amount of methane gas produced depended on the ratio of weight of Klason lignin, a high molecular weight lignin, in the treated wood chip.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.43-54
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• 2011

Digital Textile Printing(DTP) is appropriate for quick response system(QRS) and is closely connected with high value added fashion industry. Fashion products of high price are mainly silk and cotton. For high quality DTP products, it is important to optimize the parameters of media, pre and after-treatment, ink, printer, etc. DTP for these two fiber materials is also accompanied certainly with steaming as after-treatment process for coloration. Role of steam is like water in exhaustion dyeing. Steam can diffuse dye or ink in printing paste to fiber. Quality of DTP products depend on after-treatment processes such as steaming, washing, drying. Current production amount of DTP is smaller than one of conventional textile printing. However conventional after-treatment system has been using so far. This is mismatched with DTP in terms of process efficiency, spot work of small lot, quality control. In this study, continuous after-treatment system has been suitably designed for DTP that washing and drying are available after steaming. So, It is possible to improve efficiency of DTP process. Especially, the effects of after-treatment process, such as temperature of heat drum, steaming time on printability, color difference, color fastness were examined. Two types of samples(cotton knit and silk fabrics) were used. The results were obtained as follows : First, there is no a wide difference between the K/S values of cotton and silk treated with continuous after-treatment system and those of sample treated with conventional printing after-treatment method. So it is more effective to use the continuous after-treatment system than conventional printing after-treatment system in case of the daily throughput of 1,000 yards below. Second, after continuous after-treatment for DTP, K/S values were increased and lightness($L^*$) values were decreased. ${\Delta}E$ values were below 2.3. Third, DTP samples treated with continuous after-treatment system were tested for fastness(washing, light, rubbing). Grades of fastness(washing, light, rubbing) were above 3 grade.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.305-314
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop the high efficiency of ginseng by using microwave low temperature vacuum drying technology. In red ginseng manufacturing processes, the study results compared the hot-air drying red ginseng dried during 24hours in $60-70^{\circ}C$ and redried during 72hours in $40^{\circ}C$ after the steaming ginseng with the red ginseng dried in microwave low temperature vacuum dryer on condition that 900 watt, 2.45 MHz, 50 mmHg during 5 hours and redried during 2 hours on 750 mmHg after the steaming ginseng about observation of tissue, sensory evaluation and a change of ginsenoside and crude saponin content. As a result, the red ginseng in microwave low temperature vacuum was had high brightness, the surface turned into porosity tissue and added more flavor, decreased bitterness highly on the contrary increased sweetness at the same time that elevated the comprehensive preference. Moreover, In a short time, the content of ginsenosides $Rg_1$ and $Rb_1$ increased about sixfold, eightfold in one time zone but there were no wide difference in content of $Rg_3$ as compared to the hot-air drying red ginseng. Finally, content of crude saponin was increased widely at 10-20 minutes and stayed high crude saponin content consistently. Therefore, this result indicated that the red ginseng in microwave low temperature vacuum increased extraction yields of the ginsenosides and crude saponin through a change of porosity tissue and improved flavor and texture compare with the general hot air dried red ginseng in a short time. According to these results, that provided that could increase the preference about red ginseng.