• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

Fine diamond powders are synthesized with a 420 ${\phi}$ cubic press and stack-cell composed of Kovar ($Fe_{54}Ni_{29}Co_{17}$) (or Kovar+7 ${\mu}m$-thick Zn electroplated) alloy and graphite disks. The high pressure high temperature (HPHT) process condition was executed at $1500^{\circ}C$ for 280 seconds by varying the nominal pressure of 5.7~10.6 GPa. The density of formation, size, shape, and phase of diamonds are determined by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis-differential thermal ammnlysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Through the microscopy analyses, we found that 1.5 ${\mu}m$ super-fine tetrahedral diamonds were synthesized for Zn coated Kovar cell with whole range of pressure while ~3 ${\mu}m$ super-fine diamond for conventional Kovar cell with < 10.6 GPa. Based on $750^{\circ}C$ exothermic reaction of diamonds in TGA-DTA, and characteristic peaks of the diamonds in XRD and micro-Raman analysis, we could confirm that the diamonds were successfully formed with the whole pressure range in this research. Finally, we propose a new process for super-fine diamonds by lowering the pressure condition and employing Zn electroplated Kovar disks.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2001

Combustion characteristics of domestic anthracite coal were observed by high-pressure thermogravimetric analyzer with variation of pressure (1~16 atm) and heating rate (15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$/min) with non-iso-thermal method (temperature range : 25~100$0^{\circ}C$). Measured combustion reaction rate increased with increasing pressure. This result could be explained by the fact that the activation energy of coal combustion decreased with increasing pressure. Reaction order of coal combustion determined by Freeman and Carroll$^{[11]}$ method linearly increased from 1.04 to 1.30 and activation energy decreased from 47.37 to 14.42 Kcal/mol as pressure increased from 1 to 16 attn.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.100-104
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• 2005

The injection molding is very effective process for various plastic products due to its high productivity. It is also good fur precise products like optical parts. Various thermoplastic materials are also available with this injection molding process. In recent, however, as the overall size of the product increases and micro or nano scale of patterns are applied to the products, we now have some problems such as low fidelity of the replication of the pattern, high molding pressure, or warpage from the in-mold stress. Injection/compression molding is studied to overcome those problems in molding large thin plate with micro pattern array on its surface. An injection compression mold is designed to 3 pieces mold for side gate. We install 4 pressure transducers and 9 thermocouples to measure the melt pressure and surface temperature in the cavity during the process. As a result, the maximum molding pressure for injection compression molding is reduced to 1/3 compared to injection molding and the uniformity of the pressure in the cavity is enhanced by about 15%.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.525-533
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• 2022

In this study, in order to numerically analyze the heat flow characteristics in the valve according to the opening rate for the solenoid valve for hydrogen supply applied to the hydrogen storage tank, flow characteristics were comparatively analyzed. Through the analysis of pressure and temperature distributions within the valve according to the high-pressure supply condition of 70 MPa or more, the heat flow characteristics in the valve, inlet and outlet passage according to the opening rate of the valve were identified. As a result a sudden change in the fluid behavior appears in the neck region of the valve, and it is understood that the flow separation caused by the flow path shape of the expanded tube has a dominant influence on the flow characteristics. And, it was confirmed that the shape of the valve seat is a factor significantly affecting the improvement of flow rate and differential pressure performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.50-55
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to enhance the luminance of the LED and to improve the implementation of color by mounting an array lens on the LED without special technology in process. The workmanship of key components considering the economical efficiency and the injection molding technology for high quality of the product are essential to achieve it. In this paper, the mold was computer-aided was designed and manufactured by CAM software (NX4) and high speed machining center. the applied final machining conditions were 3,000-5,000mm/min feed speed, 15,000-25,000rpm and ${\Phi}0.3mm$ ball end-mill. And the Flow analysis was performed using the mold flow software(MPI) in order to get uniformity of resin. Injection conditions acquired by the flow analysis and the injection experiment are as follows. The cylinder temperature is $220-260^{\circ}C$, the mold temperature is $70-80^{\circ}C$, the injection time is about 1.2sec, the injection pressure and velocity is each 7.8-14.7Mpa, and the injection velocity is 0.8-1.2m/sec.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2020

In nuclear power plants, there is a risk of thermal fatigue in equipment and piping affecting system soundness because the temperature change of the system accompanies in every operation and shutdown. Therefore, in order to prevent the excess of the fatigue limit during the lifetime of plants, the fatigue limit of each piping material is determined in the designing stage. However, there are many cases where equipment or piping is locally subjected to thermal fatigue that is not considered in the design, resulting in damage to the equipment and piping, and failure during operation. Currently, local thermal fatigue generation mechanisms that are not taken into account in the design stage are gradually being identified. In this paper, the effects of the fluid temperature fluctuations on the piping soundness due to the mixing of hot and cold water, one of the local thermal fatigue generating mechanisms, were evaluated.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.550-557
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• 2013

A glucose hydrothermal method is described for preparing hollow carbon spheres (HCS), which have a regular morphology and a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 28.6 m2/g. Scanning electron microscopy shows that they have thin shells and diameter between 2 and 8 ${\mu}m$. The HCSs were modified for the enhanced room temperature hydrogen storage by employing Ni nanoparticles on their surface. The Ni-decorated HCSs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive spectroscope, and an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer, indicating that fine and well-distributed Ni nanoparticles can be accomplished on the HCSs. The hydrogen uptake capacity in HCSs with and without Ni loading was evaluated using a high-pressure microbalance at room temperature under a hydrogen pressure upto 9 MPa. As much as 1.23wt.% of hydrogen can be stored when uniformly distributed Ni nanoparticles are formed on the HCSs, while the hydrogen uptake capacity of as-received HCSs was 0.41 wt.%. For Ni nanoparticle-loaded HCSs, hydrogen molecules could be easily dissociated into atomic hydrogen and then chemically adsorbed by the sorbents, leading to an enhanced capacity for storing hydrogen.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2006

New precursor solution with dichloroacetic acid (DCA) was developed for fabricating high $J_c$ REBCO film. DCA based-precursor solution was coated on $LaAlO_3$(001) substrate by dip coating method. Processing parameters such as oxygen partial pressure, water vapor, ramping rate and pyrolysis temperature were controlled in order to obtain a good epitaxial film. The film with thickness of 0.5 micrometer was obtained by single coating and no crack was observed at calcined films. Oxygen partial pressure was controlled in the range of $100{\sim}1,000$ ppm and conversion heat treatment was carried out at the temperature range of $705-765^{\circ}C$. A critical transition temperature ($T_c$) of 90 K and a critical transport current density ($J_c$) of $>0.5\;MA/cm^2$ (77 K and self-field) were obtained for the GdBCO film. It is thought that fluorine-free MOD solution using DCA is promising precursor solution for fabricating high quality REBCO films.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2015

According to the regulation on the environment and fuel efficiency is becoming strict, many experiments are conducted to improve efficiency and emission in internal combustion engines. LTC (Low temperature combustion) technology is a promised solution for low emissions but there are a few barriers for the commercial engine. This paper includes optimization that applies LTC method to heavy duty diesel engine. Adequate LTC was applied to low and middle load as adaptability in heavy duty diesel engine, and optimization focused on reduction of fuel consumption was proceeded at high load. Through this research, strategy for practical use of LTC was selected, and fuel consumption has improved on the condition that satisfies the emission regulation at systematic viewpoint.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.30-33
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• 2003

YBCO coated conductor, also called the 2nd generation high temperature superconducting wire, consists of oxide multi-layer hetero-epitaxial thin films. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is one of many film deposition methods used to make coated conductor, and is the one known to be the best to make superconducting layer so far. As a part of the effort to make long length coated conductor, the optimum deposition condition of YBCO film on single crystal substrate (SrTiO3) was investigated using PLD. Substrate temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and laser fluence were varied to find the best combination to grow high quality YBCO film.