• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.310-315
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• 2007

The FTL has been developed to be able to irradiate test fuels at the irradiation hole(IR1 hole) by considering its utility and user's irradiation requirements. FTL consists of In-Pile Test Section (IPS) and Out-of-Pile System (OPS). Test condition in IPS such as pressure, temperature and the water quality, can be controlled by OPS. For safety assurance IPS is designed to have dual stainless steel pressure vessel and OPS is composed of main cooling water system, emergency cooling water system, LMP(letdown, make-up, purification) system, etc. FTL Conceptual design was set up in 2001, basic design had completed including a design requirement, basic piping & instrument diagram (P&ID), and the detail design in 2004. In 2005, the development team carried out purchase and manufacture hardware and make a contract for construction work. FTL construction work began on August, 2006 and ended on March, 2007. After FTL development which is expected to be finished by 2008, FTL will be used for the irradiation test of the new PWR-type fuel and can maximize the usage of HANARO.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.242-249
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• 1996

In order to improve the production yield of kindorase as complex antiphlogistic agent, molecular weight of concentration membrane, membrane configration, temperature, pressure and pH of concentration solution, fouling, etc. were investigated, and the results obtained are as follows 1. High production yield was shown using 10k Dalton molecular weight cut-off concentration membrane and spiral membrane made of polysulfone. 2. And it was reasonable conditions for maintaining the concentration solution at 3Bar in pressure. 3. The optimum pH of solution for improving production yield of kindorase were the range of 7.5 to 8.5, and for obtaining better production yield, clean in place(C.I.P) of membrane was treated with 0.1N NaOH at 40 to $50^{\circ}C$ for 30minutes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.957-967
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• 2017

Firing test of the fuel grain for solid fuel ramjet with additives and ignition support material was conducted. Fuel grain consist of HTPB mixed with AP particle 15 wt.%, Boron particle 5 wt.%. To cause the short ignition delay, ignition support consist of $NC/BKNO_3$ and composite propellant was coated to the fuel grain. An oxidant gas having a controlled temperature, pressure and oxygen composition close to the air condition in the ramjet combustor was supplied using the Ethanol blended $H_2O_2$ gas generator. Gas was set to flow at a mass flow rate of 150 g/s and mass flux of $200kg/m^2s$ in the grain port. Through the test, ignition support operated well and ignition delay of 0.5. During the test, stable chamber pressure with 8 bar and high combustion efficiency of 0.86 was confirmed.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.533-538
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• 2013

Sodium chloride is present in our body fluids, and the blood contains approximately 0.9 wt% salt, which plays an important role in maintaining the osmotic pressure. However, the amount of salt intake has consistently increased, and an excessive intake can be the cause of high blood pressure, etc. In this study, it was investigated in vivo and in vitro whether biocompatible ionic polymers with K or Ca ions can be replaced by Na ions through an ion exchange process to be excreted. Among the polymers, Ca-polystyrene sulfonate, K-polystyrene sulfonate, Ca-carrageenan, and Ca-tamarind had an excellent Na exchange ability in the body temperature, simulated gastric fluid and also simulated intestinal fluid. The mechanism of Na removal by absorption and excretion without changing food taste in the mouth through the insolubility properties of these polymers is expected to be a solution for the current problems related with excess sodium intake.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.426-432
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• 2011

The oxidation behavior of CVD ${\beta}$-SiC was investigated for Very High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (VHTR) applications. This study focused on the surface analysis of the oxidized CVD ${\beta}$-SiC to observe the effect of impurity gases on active/passive oxidation. Oxidation test was carried out at $950^{\circ}C$ in the impurity-controlled helium environment that contained $H_2$, $H_2O$, CO, and $CH_4$ in order to simulate VHTR coolant chemistry. For 250 h of exposure to the helium, weight changes were barely measurable when $H_2O$ in the bulk gas was carefully controlled between 0.02 and 0.1 Pa. Surface morphology also did not change based on AFM observation. However, XPS analysis results indicated that a very small amount of $SiO_2$ was formed by the reaction of SiC with $H_2O$ at the initial stage of oxidation when $H_2O$ partial pressure in the CVD ${\beta}$-SiC surface placed on the passive oxidation region. As the oxidation progressed, $H_2O$ consumed and its partial pressure in the surface decreased to the active/passive oxidation transition region. At the steady state, more oxidation did not observable up to 250 h of exposure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1873-1878
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• 2013

ITZO ($In_2O_3$ : $SnO_2$ : ZnO = 90wt.% : 5wt.% : 5wt.%) thin films were fabricated on glass substrates (Eagle 2000) at room temperature with various working pressures (1~7 mTorr) by RF magnetron sputtering. The influence of the working pressure on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the ITZO thin films were investigated. The XRD and FESEM results showed that all ITZO thin films are amorphous structures with very smooth surfaces regardless of the working pressure. Amorphous ITZO thin films deposited at 3 mTorr showed the best properties, such as a low resistivity, high transmittance, and figure of merit of $3.08{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, 81 %, and $10.52{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2017

Pd-based membranes have been widely used in hydrogen purification and separation due to their high hydrogen diffusivity and infinite selectivity. However, it has been difficult to fabricate thin and dense Pd-based membranes on a porous stainless steel(PSS) support. In case of a conventional PSS support having the large size of surface pores, it was required to use complex surface treatment and thick Pd coating more than $6{\mu}m$ on the PSS was required in order to form pore free surface. In this study, we could fabricate thin and dense Pd membrane with only $3{\mu}m$ Pd layer on a new PSS support manufactured by metal injection molding(MIM). The PSS support had low surface roughness and mean pore size of $5{\mu}m$. Pd membrane were prepared by advanced Pd sputter deposition on the modified PSS support using fine polishing and YSZ vacuum filling surface treatment. At temperature $400^{\circ}C$ and transmembrane pressure difference of 1 bar, hydrogen flux and selectivity of $H_2/N_2$ were $11.22ml\;cm^{-2}min^{-1}$ and infinity, respectively. Comparing with $6{\mu}m$ Pd membrane, $3{\mu}m$ Pd membrane showed 2.5 times higher hydrogen flux which could be due to the decreased Pd layer thickness from $6{\mu}m$ to $3{\mu}m$ and an increased porosity. It was also found that pressure exponent was changed from 0.5 on $6{\mu}m$ Pd membrane to 0.8 on $3{\mu}m$ Pd membrane.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2013

Internal heat exchanger (IHX) apparatus using the temperature difference between high and low pressure lines in vehicle air conditioning system is a good method to enhance the cooling performance. In this study, we designed various double-pipe internal heat exchangers which have inner fins between the internal pipe and external pipe. We also measured the performance characteristic (pressure drop, cooling capacity, compressor work and coefficient of performance (COP)) of the modified internal heat exchangers that had the change of the fin height and the inside shape of the internal pipe. This experimental results indicated that the liner and serration type internal heat exchanger was the best cooling performance. In addition, the air conditioning system with the liner and serration type internal heat exchanger showed the improved performances of about 6.4% and 9.2%, respectively, for the cooling capacity and COP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2007

Further scaling the semiconductor devices down to low dozens of nanometer needs the extremely shallow depth in junction and the intentional counter-doping in the silicon gate. Conventional ion beam ion implantation has some disadvantages and limitations for the future applications. In order to solve them, therefore, plasma source ion implantation technique has been considered as a promising new method for the high throughputs at low energy and the fabrication of the ultra-shallow junctions. In this paper, we study about the effects of DC bias and base pressure as a process parameter. The diluted mixture gas (5% $PH_3/H_2$) was used as a precursor source and chamber is used for vacuum pressure conditions. After ion doping into the Si wafer(100), the samples were annealed via rapid thermal annealing, of which annealed temperature ranges above the $950^{\circ}C$. The junction depth, calculated at dose level of $1{\times}10^{18}/cm^3$, was measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS) and sheet resistance by contact and non-contact mode. Surface morphology of samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. As a result, we could accomplish the process conditions better than in advance.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2001

Object : The rapid and early oxygen delivery to brain tissue was a common therapeutic method in the treatment of severe head injury patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased fraction of inspired oxygen in early stage of severe head injury. Methods : The parameters of research were CSF(cerebral spinal fluid) oxygen pressure($PcsfO_2$), lactate, pH, temperature, and CSF carbon dioxide pressure($PcsfCO_2$). We selected 28 patients with head trauma whose the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score was less than 8 point at admission. All patients were mechanically ventilated and monitored with the commercial ICP monitoring device. Each of parameters was compared as increased fraction of inspired oxygen. In experimental cohort of 14 patients, the mean $PcsfO_2$ level was increased to $314.93{\pm}259.15mmHg$ by raising the $FiO_2$ from 40% to 100% for nine hours(p<0.05). And the mean CSF lactate level was decreased to $2.96{\pm}1.98mmol/L$ on 100% $FiO_2$ as compared with $5.98{\pm}3.25mmol/L$ on 40% $FiO_2$ in control group(p<0.05). The only above two parameters were showed statistically meaningful outcome. Conclusions : Although this study was performed in small cohort and short period, these results supports that increased inspired oxygen therapy in severe head injuried patients was recommended as a modality of treatment in future through the continuous survey.