• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.834-842
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• 1997

Controlled Ca impurity implanted inner crack-like pore in the high purity alumina single crystal, sapphire, had been created by micro-fabrication technique, which includes ion implantation, photo-lithography, Ar ion milling, and hot press technique. The morphological change and the healing of cracklike pore in Ca doped high purity single crystal alumina, sapphire, during high temperature heat treatment in vacuum were observed using optical microscopy. The dot-like surface roughening was developed and hexagon like crystal appeared on inner surface of crack-like pore after heat treatment. Bar type crystals, probably CaO.6Al2O3, were observed on the inner surface after 1 hour heat treatment at 1, 50$0^{\circ}C$, but this bar type crystal disappeared after 1 hour heat treatment at 1, $600^{\circ}C$. This disappearance means that there should be a little increase of Ca solubility limit to alumina at this temperatures.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-91
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• 2014

Solubility data of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in 1-butyl-3-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ($[bmpip][Tf_2N]$) ionic liquid are presented at pressures up to about 30 MPa and at temperatures between 303 K and 343 K. As far as we know, the data on the $CO_2$ solubility in the $[bmpip][Tf_2N]$ ionic liquid have never been reported in the literature by other investigators. The solubilities of $CO_2$ were determined by measuring the bubble point or cloud point pressures of the $CO_2+[bmpip][Tf_2N]$ mixtures with various compositions using a high-pressure equilibrium apparatus equipped with a variable-volume view cell. To observe the effect of the cation composing the ionic liquid on the $CO_2$ solubility, the $CO_2$ solubilities in $[bmpip][Tf_2N]$ used in this study were compared with those in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide ($[bmim]Tf_2N]$). As the equilibrium pressure increased, the $CO_2$ solubility in $[bmpip][Tf_2N]$ increased sharply. On the other hand, the $CO_2$ solubility decreased with increasing temperature. The mole fraction-based $CO_2$ solubilities were almost the same for both $[bmpip][Tf_2N]$ and $[bmim][Tf_2N]$, regardless of temperature and pressure. The phase equilibrium data for the $CO_2+[bmpip][Tf_2N]$ systems have been correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation of state.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.418-425
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• 2018

This study was to measure and compare the amount of fluoride, microhardness and solubility of high viscosity glass ionomer and resin-reinforced glass ionomer during 84 days. Fuji IX GP EXTRA, Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC and Filtek$^{TM}$ Z350XT stored in deionized water for 84 days to measure fluoride release, microhardness and solubility. As a result of measurement of fluoride release, all the glass ionomers showed the highest amount of fluoride release on day 1 and gradually decreased. Fuji IX GP EXTRA showed the highest amount of fluoride release and cumulative release. And Fuji IX GP and Fuji II LC showed no significant difference. Microhardness measurements showed that all experimental groups decreased 1 day after exposure to water. After 84 days, microhardness showed no significant difference between Fuji IX GP EXTRA and Fuji IX GP, and Fuji II LC was the lowest. In the solubility measurement, Fuji IX GP EXTRA, Fuji IX GP, and Fuji II LC increased rapidly to 21 days. After 21 days, there was no significant difference in the three groups. As a result, short term fluoride release affects solubility and microhardness, but long term fluoride release has no correlation. Through this study, the amount of fluoride, microhardness, and solubility of various glass ionomers were evaluated, and these properties could be applied clinically.

• Clean Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2005

For estblishing the best technique for the micronization of Ibuprofen using supercritical fluids, the solubility should be known. The solubility of Ibuprofen in supercritical carbon dioxide was measured by observing the cloud point. The cloud point was observed using high pressure equipment equipped a variable volume view cell between temperature of 35, 40 and $45^{\circ}C$. The solubility data was correlated by the Peng-Robinson equation of state Solute physical properties, such as critical temperature (Tc), critical pressure (Pc) and acentric factor (${\omega}$) were estimated by the some group contribution method. As pressure was increased, the solubility increased at constant temperature. The retrograde phenomenon by a solute vapor pressure and a density of solvent was observed at the pressure of around 150bar. It was found that $CO_2$ can be used as a supercritical solvent in micronization of ibuprofen by RESS.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hot- and cold-boning on sarcomere length, drip loss and protein solubility of post-rigor porcine longissimus muscle. A total of ten pigs(borrow, 100$\pm$5 kg) were randomly selected at a commercial plant and the carcasses were split in half after slaughter. The longissimus muscle of the left side was dissected and chilled at 0$^{\circ}C$ after trimming of subcutaneous fat whereas the right side carcasses were served for cold-boning after chilling for 24 hrs. The temperature, pH and sarcomere length of porcine longissimus muscle were measured at postmortem 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Drip loss, cooking loss, Minolta L*a*b*, shear force and protein solubility were measured at postmortem 24 hrs. The pH of cold-boning samples was rapidly decreased whereas temperature and sarcomere length of hot-boning samples were rapidly decreased during 24 hrs of chilling. Hot-boning muscles showed significantly (P<0.05) higher pHu and shorter sarcomere compared with cold boning muscles because of cold shortening. However, there were no significant differences in drip loss, cooking loss and shear force value between hot- and cold boned samples. The samples of hot-boning showed lower Minolta L* value and higher sarcoplasmic protein solubility compared with cold boned samples. These results suggest that the pale color changing of porcine longissimus muscle could be inhibited by hot-boning due to rapid chilling of the muscle although sarcomere length could be shortened because of cold shortening. Also these results show that hot-boning of porcine carcass could have a high protein solubility without negative effects of drip loss or tenderness of porcine longissimus muscle.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.866-874
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to elucidate the feasibility to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble itraconazole via solid dispersions by using supercritical fluid (SCF). Solid dispersions of itraconazole with hydrophilic polymer, HPMC 2910, were prepared by the aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) under different process conditions of temperature/pressure. The particle size of solid dispersions ranged from 100 to 500 nm. The equilibrium solubility increased with decrease (15 to 10 MPa) in pressure and increase (40 to $60^{\circ}C$) in temperature. The solid dispersions prepared at $60^{\circ}C$/15 MPa showed a slight increase in equilibrium solubility (approximately 27-fold increase) when compared to pure itraconazole, while those prepared at $60^{\circ}C$/10MPa showed approximately 610-fold increase and no endothermic peaks corresponding to pure itraconazole were observed, indicating that itraconazole might be molecularly dispersed in HPMC 2910 in the amorphous form. The amorphous state of itraconazole was confirmed by DSC/XRD data. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the ASES-processed solid dispersions, such as $T_{max},\;C_{max},\;and\;AUC_{0-24h}$ were almost similar to $Sporanox_{\circledR}$ capsule which shows high bioavailability. Hence, it was concluded that the ASES process could be a promising technique to reduce particle size and/or prepare amorphous solid dispersion of drugs in order to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.642-644
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• 1999

We have prepared the plasma-polymerized membrane for pervaporation of organic-liquid mixtures by the plasma polymerization technique. Plasma polymerization techniques were utilized in the development of hydrophilic composite membranes having high hydrogen ion permeability and excellent dimensional stability. To develop an organic liquid permselective Membrane, suppressing membrane swearing as well as enhancing the solubility difference is impotant. the objectives of the present study are to disign a suitable membrane for an organic-mixture system by the control of the plasma-polymer solubility.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.64-72
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• 2007

Iron is an important micronutrient for plants. Iron metabolism is a complex mechanism under a delicate balance. Iron metabolism represents two major problems for plants: deficiency as a consequence of solubility problems and toxicity due to excess solubility in anaerobic conditions. In the last few years, new genes have been discovered that influence iron uptake, transport and storage. Irrigated rice is exposed to high levels of $Fe^{II}$, normally rare in aerobic soil conditions. The implications of altering iron uptake rates and the effects of newly discovered genes are discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 1997

Nine new solubility-increased container hosts having eight undecyl substituents were synthesized and characterized. 1H NMR spectral data showed integral inclusion state of carceplexes and their stability. 1H NMR chemical shifts of guest DMA were correlated to the host's cavity dimensions shrinked by constrictive binding. Carceplex and hemicarcerand showed their distinctive FD mass spectra.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.314-319
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• 2015

In this research, we focused on the development of cy3 dye with high thermal stability and good solubility for LCD color filter. Cy3 dyes were prepared through the synthetic procedure of two steps. The synthesized cy3 dyes were characterized by using NMR, FT-IR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and TGA. These cy3 dyes showed maximum absorption wave length (${\lambda}_{max}$) in the range of 549~555 nm in UV/Vis spectrum. And we confirmed that solubility characteristics and thermal stability of cy3 dyes were dependent on the structure of counter cation. Cy3 dyes with methyl counter cation and ethyl counter cation have good solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, and PGME. Moreover, Cy3 dye with ethyl counter cation gave excellent thermal stability in TGA thermograms. And Cy3 dye with ethyl counter cation showed good result in photoresist film test.