• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2013

본 연구는 학교급식소 조리종사원의 위생지식과 위생관리 수행도 간의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2011년 5월 13일부터 6월 10일까지 창원시 진해구에 소재하고 있는 초 중 고등학교 32개 학교의 조리종사원을 대상으로 300부의 설문지를 배부하여 총 276부가 회수(회수율 92%)되어 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조리종사원의 위생지식의 평균 점수는 16.60점(20점 만점 기준)이었다. 조리사 자격증 유무(P<0.05), 학교형태(P<0.001), 일일 급식횟수(P<0.001)에 따라서는 위생지식이 차이를 보여 조리사 자격증이 있는 집단이 위생지식 수준이 높았으며, 고등학교의 위생지식 수준이 초 중학교의 위생지식 수준보다 높았고 하루 2 3식을 제공하는 학교가 1식 제공하는 학교보다 위생지식 수준이 높았다. 둘째, 전체 위생관리 수행도는 4.77점(5점 척도 기준)이었으며, 영역별로는 교차오염(4.88)> 배식관리(4.83)> 채소소독관리(4.81)> 세척관리(4.77)> 냉장 냉동관리(4.72)> 개인위생 관리(4.69)의 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 조리사 자격증 소지 여부(P<0.05), 1일 학생 급식인원수(P<0.001), 일일 급식횟수(P<0.05)가 전체 위생 관리 수행도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉 조리사 자격증을 소지한 집단이 미소지 집단보다 위생관리 수행도가 높았으며, 1일 학생 급식인원수 701~1,100명인 집단이 700명 이하인 집단보다 수행도가 높았고, 1일 급식회수가 2 3식인 집단이 하루 1식을 제공하는 집단보다 수행도가 높았다. 셋째, 위생지식과 위생관리 수행도의 관계 분석 결과 우선 위생지식 점수 수준이 높은 집단의 위생관리 수행도가 평균 4.85로 나타나 위생지식 점수 수준이 낮은 집단(4.66)에 비해 위생관리 수행도가 더 높음을 알 수 있었다(P<0.001). 또한 위생지식은 위생관리 수행도와 정적인 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타나 위생지식이 높은 조리종사원이 위생관리 수행도가 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 위생지식이 위생관리 수행도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 회귀모형의 설명력은 17.6%로 회귀식은 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되어(P<0.001) 위생지식이 위생관리 수행도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉 학교급식 조리종사원의 위생지식이 높을수록 위생관리 수행도가 높아지는 것이다. 본 연구 결과를 근거로 하여 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 조리사 자격증이 있는 경우와 일일 배식횟수가 2 3식인 조리종사원의 위생지식이 높게 나타났으므로 조리사 자격증이 없는 경우와 배식횟수 1식인 종사원에 대한 교육이 좀 더 집중적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 둘째, 급식위생에 있어 제일 중요하다고 강조한 개인위생 영역이 다른 영역보다 수행도가 낮게 나타났으므로 향후 경남지역 학교급식 조리종사원 대상 위생교육 시 개인위생에 대한 비중을 높여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 조리사 자격증이 없으며, 학생수가 적고 일일 배식횟수가 적을수록 위생관리 수행도가 낮게 조사되었으므로 이들을 위한 반복적인 위생교육이 이루어져야 할 것이며, 동시에 심도 있는 연구를 통해 낮은 수행도의 원인을 밝혀 개선시켜야 할 것이다. 넷째, 위생지식이 위생관리 수행도에 영향 미치는 것이 밝혀졌으므로 향후 지속적이고 반복적인 위생교육의 실시를 통하여 학교급식 조리종사자의 위생지식 수준의 향상이 이루어질 때 궁극적으로 위생관리 수행도의 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.702-713
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of school foodservice dietitians' work value on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Also, this study explored the role of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers as a moderating variable in three relationships: 1) between work value and job satisfaction, 2) between work value and organizational commitment, and 3) between work value and turnover intentions. This study surveyed dietitians who worked at school foodservice in Kyunggii and Daegu${\cdot}$Gyeoungbuk province. A total of 509 responses were collected using on-site survey and online survey (response rate 59.3%). This study conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test the moderating effect of the expectation to the institution of nutrition teachers. Results of hierarchical regression showed that work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on job satisfaction to promotion opportunity and salary, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to new work. In addition, work value of status upgrade had a positive effect on turnover intention, and such effect was more significantly apparent in low expectation to new work environment improvement. Work value of work activity preference also appeared to have a positive effect on organizational commitment, and such effect was more significantly apparent in high expectation to social status and professionalism.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권5호통권95호
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• pp.553-564
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the use and acceptability of pre-processed food materials in school foodservice. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 81 schools in the Kyunggi area. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS v. 10.0 program. Eighty-one school dietitians from 31 elementary, 31 middle, 19 high school participated in the survey. Most of the subjects (over 95%) understood that it is necessary to use pre-processed foods, and they considered food hygiene as the most important factor. The percentages of school foodservices that purchased and used pre-processed foods were: 82.7% for cabbage, 86.4% for onion 72.8% for carrot, 97% for garlic, 82.7% for potato, and over 90% for meats and fishes. Dietitians were most satisfied with the performance of ‘trash reduction’, and ‘saving cooking time’ when using pre-processed food materials. ‘Appearance’, ‘freshness’, ‘hygiene’, ‘nutrition’, and ‘specialty of the food-processing company’ were aspects of the most concern when purchasing and using pre-processed food materials.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to obtain data on the contribution of job characteristics (work, autonomy, reward, community, fairness, value) towards job burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism), job engagement (vigor, dedication, absorption) and turnover intention in school foodservice employees. Typically, 594 school foodservice employees in the Busan area participated in our survey. Workload (${\beta}=-0.512$, p<0.001) had the highest negative influence on emotional exhaustion, whereas reward (${\beta}=-0.216$, p<0.001) and community (${\beta}=-0.214$, p<0.001) had the highest negative influence on cynicism. Community (${\beta}=0.305$, p<0.001) and workload p<0.001) had the highest positive influence on vigor. Community (${\beta}=0.261$, p<0.001) and (${\beta}=0.238$, p<0.001) had the highest positive influence on dedication. (${\beta}=0.287$, p<0.001) and community (${\beta}=0.224$, p<0.001) had the highest positive influence on absorption. Workload (${\beta}=-0.195$, p<0.001) and community (${\beta}=-0.182$, p<0.001) had the highest negative influence on turnover intention. Overall, the results show that job characteristics are very important factors affecting foodservice employee's burnout, engagement, and turnover intention. So should try to reduce the employees' workload and increase the rewards for them along with activating communication among each other.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.464-476
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to measure patient satisfaction with hosptial foodservices, and thereby identify areas for improvement and provides basic data for the introduction of total quality management into hospital foodservice in the Taegu·Kyungpook area. This survey was carried out on 676 hospitalized patients in 11 hospitals with over 200 beds to determine the quality satisfaction with foodservices. The subjects were 62.4% male and 37.6% female. Sixty-two percent of the subjects were over age 40, 46.7% were only educated to middle school or below, 41.8% were hospitalized for 1 - 10 days. Eighty-seven precent of the subjects did not receive any nutrition education. The expectation and perception grid showed that the high expectation to the low perception items were the seasoning of the meals, taste of the meals, and prompt dealings with meal complaints. The quality satisfaction values of all the attributes indicated a minus. The unsatisfied quality attributes were the opportunity to meet with a dietitian, seasoning of the meals, taste of the meals, explanation of the meals, and prompt dealings with meal complaints. Among the demographic characteristics, age, education, length of admission, and experience with nutrition education produced significant differences in the quality satisfaction scores. In conclusion, it would seem to be desirable that hospital foodservice department introduce selective menus, hygiene education for foodservice employees, standard recipes, quality assurance, and increase the meal rounding of dietitians in the patient foodservice.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.265-277
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate dietary adaptations and use of university foodservice in Korea according to the religion of international students. The survey was conducted from April to June in 2017 and included 609 subjects studying at a university in Busan. Muslims showed the highest percentage of eating three meals per day (42.4%) but the highest rate of eating unbalanced meals (64.7%) and midnight meals (41.8%). The most frequent problematic eating habit among Buddhists was irregular mealtimes (46.0%). Adaptation frequency to Korean diet was lowest among Muslims and highest among Christians. Securing halal foods was difficult for Muslims in Korea, and demand for halal foods as a school restaurant menu was high. The response rate for experiencing Korean food at university foodservice was highest among Christians (79.7%) and lowest among Muslims (45.3%). The main reason for not using university foodservice for Muslims was "no menu to eat" for religious reasons, and other religious groups cited "lack of menu variety." Preferred types and recipes of meats, fish, and vegetables also showed significant differences according to religion. As a result, efforts should be made to increase adaptation to life abroad in Korea, including changes in university foodservice management, considering the religious characteristics of international students.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

Sustainable practices of school foodservices are gaining more attentions. The study aimed to investigate dietitians' performance levels of sustainable practices in school foodservice settings in Gyeonggi Provinces. Using a survey method was used, and data were collected from 358 participants (response rate 59.7%) to be analyzed using the SPSS program. The evaluation tool for sustainable practices of school foodservices consisted of four sections and 34 criteria with 100 points. Employment status of the respondents was as follows: nutrition teachers 40.9%, dietitians (permanent) 45.1%, and temporary position dietitians 13.2%. Dietitians' performance for sustainable practices marked 65.67 points out of 100 (performance rate 66%) and were in the following order by section: sustainable foodservice management criteria (69%), support activities (69%), planning and evaluation (68%), and outcome management (52%). Regarding sub-sections, criteria that acquired higher performance rates were labelling of food origin (99%), use of seasonal vegetables and fruits (98%), food waste management by contract dealer (98%), and planning for reducing of food waste and solid waste (91%). Meanwhile, criteria that showed the lowest scores were installing water conservation devices on equipment (19%), operating food donation programs for communities (21%), use of sensor lights for electricity conservation (24%), planning for annual energy conservation (40%), and implementation of education programs for foodservice workers on sustainable activities (42%). Performance scores differed according to school levels and working experience of dietitians, indicating that dietitians at elementary school foodservices or with work experience of 15 to 20 years showed higher performance than those at high schools or with less than 5 years of work experience (P<0.001, P<0.05). Based on the results, action plans for improvement were suggested.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.241-252
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• 2015

The research was conducted by center for children's foodservice management in Hanam-si. In order to improve job satisfaction, a survey was carried out by working conditions and job satisfaction in children foodservice employees working at child daycare centers registered from January to April. Ninety-five surveys out of 120 were collected, and 76 surveys were analyzed. Job satisfaction consisted of four elements, working environment, welfare, human relationships, and job-itself, analyzed by general characteristics. Pearson's correlation was carried out between job satisfaction and intention to change job by Likert 5 scales using SPSS statistic program. The percentages of child daycare centers owned by civilians was 52.6%, high school education level was 65.8%, permanent workers was 68.4%, and less than 1 year of foodservice was 34.2%. Average scores of job satisfaction were as follows: working environment scored 20.6 out of 25 points, welfare scored 10.3 out of 15 points, human relationships scored 17.5 out of 20 points, and job-itself scored 13.2 out of 15 points. The lowest job satisfaction average was 'I get paid fairly regarding the working hours and the amount of work' with a score of 3.6 points. Job satisfaction based on facility type, age, education level, and working period did not show significant differences, whereas hired status, numbers of foodservice children, and intention to change jobs showed significant differences. Hired status showed significant differences with welfare satisfaction (P<0.05). Numbers of children showed a significant difference with welfare and human relationship satisfaction (P<0.01, P<0.05). Intention to change job showed a significant difference with four elements of job satisfaction (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). In conclusion, to improve job satisfaction of children foodservice employees, working conditions and welfare satisfaction should be increased.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2003

This study was surveyed to provide the information on current operational practices and issues of contract-managed foodservice companies. Questionnaires were distributed to 79 contract-managed foodservice companies (eight large-size, 48 mid-size, 23 small-size companies) from March to May in 2002. The contract-managed foodservice companies provided averages of 269,184 (range 140,036-503,500), 14,837 (range 450-75,269), and 4,065 (range 930-8,050) meals daily from large, medium, and small-size companies, respectively. The companies managed to averages of 268.2 (160-619) foodservice contracts at large-size companies, 21.9 (5-63) contracts at mid-size companies, and 4.7 (1-10) contracts at small-size companies. The average numbers of dietitians were 298.6 (range 104-671) in large-size companies, 22.2(6-86) in mid-size companies, and 3.8(1-9) in small-size companies. The averages of sales were 156.5 billion at large-size companies, 6.7 billion at mid-size companies, and 1.7 billion at small-size companies in 2001. The contract was two types including management fee contract(5%), and profit and loss contract(95%). The cost ratios for office foodservice were 59.5% at food cost, 24.2% at labor cost, 6.3% at profit, and 10.1% at other cost. For hospital foodservice, the ratios were 54.0% at the food cost, 34.6% at labor cost, 3.0% at profit, and 11.8% at other cost. For high school foodservice, the ratios were 62.2% at the food cost, 21.5% at labor cost, 5.4% at profit, and 11.2% at other cost. When the contractors managed to the foodservice, the most important matters were the sanitation management and customer satisfaction. Also, the difficult problems were excess investment of equipments and low meal prices.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate sanitary managment practices of institutional foodservice employees in Daejeon and Chungnam areas, and to suggest a guideline for an effective safety & sanitary managment of the institutional foodservice. The subjects consist of 782 employees in 80 institutional foodservice, respectively. The collected data was processed using the SPSS V.10.0 package for descriptive analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows. The employees were female(97.2%), over 41 age(68.1%), high school(51.0%), less than 1-5 years(52.8%) of total career in the institutional foodservice. Employment status was contract(64.2%) and cook's certification w3s not applicable(80.1%). The institutional foodservice was over 1,000 number(65.0%) of average serving per day and operations format was direct(69.6%) management and 11-20 number of employees for cooking were 58.2%. Employees(96.0%) were received sanitation training and 82.4% of them have been monthly educated. Sanitation training instructor was dietitian 91.6%. The rating of sanitary management practices was food handling 4.36/5.00, food products management 4.32/5.00, personal hygiene 4.31/5.00, equipments and tools handing 4.18/5.00. The employees, who were educated in the sanitation training, presented significantly higher rates of the sanitary management practices than of the uneducated employess. Therefore, the institutional foodservice operations will have to pay special attention to sanitation training program of the employees. The suitable methods of sanitation training must be developed to improve the practical use of sanitary management by employees and institutional foodservice. Also, to enhance these practices, it is necessary to establish the countermeasure to care for safety & sanitary management of the institutional foodservice.