• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2002

Gloss is very important optical property influencing the perceived quality of the paper surface as well as the surface after printing. Although the average gloss level of paper products or printed images is important to meet end use specifications, the occurrence of gloss mottle, or non-uniformity of gloss, is often of greater concern for meeting quality requirements, especially for the high gloss paper. Gloss variation originates from the irregularities of paper surface, especially surface roughness of paper. Roughness of paper can be divided into micro-roughness (under $1\mu m$ scale in variation) and macro-roughness (over $1\mu m$ scale in variation) depending on the scale of the irregularities. A clearer understanding of the gloss variation of paper can be achieved by separating the contributions of these two scales of roughness, and characterizing them independently. In order to do this, a novel gloss measuring method was introduced. This can detect local gloss with very high resolution. The effect of macro-roughness on gloss variation, which was identified by the measurable surface topography, was separated from the total gloss variation by using this method. The effect of micro-roughness was then estimated indirectly. The local gloss variations of various paper samples were then evaluated to demonstrate the utility of this approach.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2000

The surface gloss of the injection molded part is one of the most significant point for evaluation the quality of products appearance. The effects of molding condition on the gloss of HIPS(High Impact Poly Styrene) molded part were investigated in this work. The measurements of gloss on the surface of molded part were carried out with different melt temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure and holding pressure. We observed the result of HIPS gloss compared with our's previous ABS study. The more melt and mold temperature increased, the brighter the gloss increase. Holding and injection pressure had little effect on the gloss. The gloss was effected in order of melt temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, holding pressure.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2002

The coated paper was greatly affected by the basic physical properties of the binder as well as the amount of the coating formula. High glass transition temperature (Tg) of the styrene-butadiene (SB) latex, selected as the binder in our study, gave the high stiffness to the coated paper, but lowered the binding force and print gloss. The average particle size of the SB latex also greatly affected to the coated paper so that the smaller particle size improved the rheological property of the coating formula and increased the binding force and print gloss. Another property of the SBR latex, gel content, was important because when its value was small, the latex was easily deformed at the high temperature and increased air permeability to the coated paper. Therefore, the lower gel content consequently resulted in the higher blistering resistance, especially in the web paper. The larger portion of the SB latex in the coated formula improved the binding force and print gloss, but decreased the ink set-off and ink-trapping to the coated paper. The heavier coating improved optical properties such as opacity, paper gloss and paper smoothness, to the coated paper.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the surface roughness according to polishing process in conventional laboratory techniques used for polishing three different acrylic denture base resins. Materials and methods: Specimen preparation and surface polishing procedures were conducted to manufacturer's recommendation with three heat-polymerized denture base resins. Surface roughness and gloss were measured by a contact type tester and a LED gloss checker using thickness 2 mm and diameter 10 mm. There were five specimens for each acrylic resin material and polishing procedures. Mean average surface roughness (Ra) values of each specimen group were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA analysis of variance and Scheffe's post hoc test. Surfaces after surface roughness and gloss testing according to each polishing process were evaluated under a stereoscopic microscope. Results: The highest mean average surface roughness was measured($Ra=2.43{\pm}0.47$) for surfaces finished with a denture tungsten carbide bur in Triplex. The lowest surface roughness values ($Ra=0.11{\pm}0.07$) were determined in Vertex polished with a lathe. In addition, all materials revealed that surface roughness determined highly in HP1 and HP2 than other procedures. All correlation between surface roughness and gloss showed highly with three heat-polymerized resins. Specially, topmost correlation revealed than other material in Triplex. Significant differences in mean average surface roughness were found between polishing process used high speed lathe and low speed hand-piece. Conclusion: Laboratory polishing used to high speed was found to produce the smoothest surface of heat-polymerized denture base acrylic resin. Therefore, we recommended that high polishing process need to get smooth surface.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2012

본 연구는 도자기 복원용 에폭시수지 12종을 대상으로 복원제로서의 요구 특성(내구성, 가공성, 광택특성, 수축 팽창특성)을 조사한 후, 이를 통해 효과적인 재료 선택의 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 내구성 분석결과 액상형은 비교적 손상 정도가 적고 재질 강도가 높은 도자기 유물에, 페이스트형은 상대적으로 손상 정도가 심하고 재질 강도가 약한 토기 유물에 적용하는 것이 보다 효과적이다. 가공성 분석결과 액상형은 페이스트형보다 높은 표면경도를 보였고, 액상형 중에서는 일반경화형이 속경화형보다 표면경도가 높았다. 따라서 높은 표면경도로 재가공이 어려운 액상형은 향후 첨가제 혼합을 통한 물성 개선이 필요하다. 광택특성 분석결과 외관상 무색투명한 액상형이 페이스트형보다 높은 광택도를 보였고, 액상형 중에서는 일반경화형이 속경화형보다 광택도가 높았다. $700^{\circ}C$ 연질토기는 페이스트형 중 CDK-520A/520B와 Araldite SV 427-2/HV 427-1이, 청자와 백자는 액상형 중 Devcon 5 minute과 EPO-TEK 301-2, 페이스트형 중 Quik Wood가, 분청사기는 페이스트형 중 Quik Wood, 액상형 중 EPO-TEK 301-2와 Devcon 5 minute이 대상 도자기의 광택도에 가장 근접하였다. 수축 팽창특성 분석결과 에폭시수지의 대부분은 경화 중 부피 변화가 발생하였으므로, 수축 팽창률에 따른 복원면의 증감을 사전에 예측하여 형태복원 범위를 설정하여야 한다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2002

In this paper, PVA(polyvinylalcohol), oxidized starch and SBR latex were used as binders for ink-jet printing papers, and their effects of the type and blending ratio of binders on ink-jet printing properties were compared. In case of coating color using PVA mainly used for a binder in ink-jet printing, spreading of printed letters decreased and excellent images were manifested resulting from strong hydrophilic of PVA. However, increasing solids content of coating color was somewhat limited because of the interaction of PVA and functional groups in silica as well as high molecular weight of PVA. When oxidized starch and SBR latex were mixed with PVA at desirable ratio to solve these problems, runnability in coating process was improved and good printing properties were shown. Gloss was improved when latex was used along with PVA as a binder because of the thermoplastic property of the latex. From this result, possibilities of high solids content and high gloss ink-jet printing papers were investigated.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2015

A series of polyurethane-acrylate hybrids were synthesized by 2-step emulsion polymerization of a variety of acrylate monomers such as 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA). Experiment was performed to improve stability and emulsibility of surface treatment agent, and it was found that the polyurethane-acrylate hybrids having an optimum composition (MMA : 20%, LA(EO)3-S : 3% and TDA-7 : 5%) was shown to be quite surface active in the solid contents. These results suggests that the optimal polyurethane-acrylate hybrids in this study have high potential as top coating agent, which may have high gloss and excellent properties.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

Recently the use of web offset printing has been increasing, which can provide high print speed, mass production, and high print quality. However, high speed web offset printing has frequently undergone a blistering problem when the printed paper passes through hot air dryers. Blistering occurs in the middle of the base paper or in the coating layer. This paper focused on the blistering occurring in the base paper. In order to elucidate the effect of pigment ratio on blistering, 6 types of coating color were prepared with varying GCC/clay ratios and printability and blistering were investigated focusing on structure changes in the coating layer. When the clay content in the coating layer was increased, surface roughness and surface strength were decreased and paper gloss was increased. In addition, it was found that the coating layer structure with high clay content, which contains lots of discontinuous pores, hindered water vapors to penetrate out and, as a result, blistering occurred.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.147-150
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• 1999

Glossing Exposure Concrete is a high quality architectural concrete, i.e., appearance of natural stone and a marbling effect concrete to achieve high quality glassy reflective surface for outer wall of the building. In this study to obtain the conservation and durability of gloss of the "glossing exposure concrete" we developed a from practice and the best mix proportion and derived the optimistic removal time of form to bring out the durable glassy reflective surface and durable concrete. Hereby with the "glossing exposure concrete" obtained, we investigate the accelerate carbonation and accelerate durability test to evaluate the durability factor of this type of concrete.is type of concrete.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.160-161
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• 2021

To prepare polyurethane coatings for top coatings of automobiles, acrylic resins containing 75% of solids were synthesized by a radical polymerization. The viscosity of the acrylic resins was increased with increasing OH values. Crosslinked acrylic-urethane clear coatings were obtained by curing reaction between the synthesized acrylic resins and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) trimer(Desmodur N-3600). The physical properties from the following studies were carried out : viscosity(Zahn cup #2), adhesion, pensil hardness, and 60° specular gloss. Various properties of the acrylic-urethane clear coatings as top coatings of mobile coat were evaluated on the coating specimens. Adhesion property to a substrate, 60° specular gloss, and pencil hardness of prepared paint showed quite good properties.