• 영미문화
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-71
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• 2014

This paper is about some aspects of the late-modern representation of antiquity in Western countries. The timeframe is mostly the decades since the 1980s, but some works are also mentioned from previous phases. Some information is given on the late-modern historical novel, characterized by mixture of genres and intertextual references to historical events and contemporary varieties of discourse. Eclecticism would seem to be a characteristic feature, and it mainly consists of a mixture of real events and imagination, cohabitation of ancient settings and modernized characters, and interaction between high and low culture. Commercialization often accompanies novels on antiquity in the $21^{st}$ century. And ideologies such as romanness, germanism and barbarianism are employed by some authors to refer to contemporary realities. A number of films and novels are mentioned. More specific analysis focuses on Valerio Manfredi's The Last Legion and the film based on the book; Simon Scarrow's Gladiator: The Fight for Freedom; and Robert Harris's Pompeii.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2020

In many aging individuals, dermatochalasis and involutional ptosis appear together. Therefore, for functional and aesthetic purposes, ptosis correction and upper blepharoplasty are performed together. The aim of this article is to investigate factors that should be considered in order to achieve good results when simultaneously performing involutional ptosis correction and upper blepharoplasty in aging patients. Involutional ptosis is usually corrected through aponeurosis advancement in mild cases. In moderate or severe ptosis, the Muller muscle and aponeurosis are used together to correct ptosis. Using the two muscles together has the advantages of reducing lagophthalmos and increasing the predictability of outcomes after surgery. Broadly speaking, the surgical method used for involutional ptosis varies depending on the specific case, but unlike congenital ptosis, it is often not necessary to perform overcorrection. In particular, if there are problems such as severe dry-eye symptoms or risk of lagophthalmos, undercorrection should be considered. When performing ptosis correction, the surgeon should be careful not to overdo skin excision; instead, limited excision should be performed. After ptosis surgery, the brow may descend and the double fold may look too small. However, in order to make the double eyelids look larger, the surgeon should consider making the double eyelid design high rather than excising an excessive amount of skin. In some cases, to obtain more natural double eyelids and favorable results, it may be necessary to perform a sub-brow lift or forehead lift before or after involutional ptosis surgery.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.59-79
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• 2012

China and Japan are geographically close and the two countries had shared the Chinese Character Culture and the thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism since the ancient age. They also actively exchanged culture in various areas. Some cultural exchanges had been caused by surrounding environment and culture had been introduced to other country in a natural way; while some cultural exchanges had been forcibly introduced through artificial process. It is believed that such cultural phenomenon must have had impact on the make-up cultures of the two countries and it was assumed that there must have been commons and differences in the make-up cultures of the two countries. This study explored the historical background of the Ching dynasty of China and the Edo Age in Japan, which are in the same time frame, and studied the aesthetic consciousness of the two countries at the time. Then the make-up style of ladies in the two countries had been studied to find out how their aesthetic consciousnesses had been expressed in the make-ups of the two countries. Then the commons and differences in make-up skills between the two countries had been identified. According to the study results, the main stream of aesthetics during the Ching dynasty in China can be classified into Confucianism aesthetics and Taoism aesthetics. On the other hand, the main stream of aesthetics during the Edo Age in Japan can be classified into "mitate(見立)", "ikki(いき)" and "garumi(かるみ). The skin care in the make-up culture of Ching dynasty in China was based on "rouge (?脂, yanzhi)" and "powder(粉, fen)". The Ching ladies loved the make-up style using rouge. It had been same both in the high society and common people. The eyebrow care was delicate and curved so that the feminine beauty with elegant spirit could be emphasized. The lips had been expressed to be smaller and the ladies tried to express elegance and reliability, rather than frail and tender feminine image. The skin care in the make-up culture of Edo Age in Japan focused on even applying of white powder so that the face would look soft. The eyebrow make-up was a very important part of the make-up. The shapes of eyebrow had been advanced in various styles and there had been eyebrow make-up styles such as "crescent-shaped brow (三日月), "crane style brow (鶴眉) and "Tang style brow (唐眉). The lips had been applied of thick red color, imitating the make-up skill of the ladies in the entertainment business. The lips make-up skill expressing the lips in two colors had been quite popular. Among the make-up skills during the Edo Age in Japan, the "black teeth (齒黑)" can be said as the most unique make-up style of Edo Age.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2012

Facial expression was an important communication methods. In oriental medicine, according to the emotion the face has changed shape and difference occurs in physiology and pathology. To verify such a theory, we studied the correlation between emotional facial expressions and meridian and collateral flow. The facial region divided by meridian, outer brow was Gallbladder meridian, inner brow was Bladder meridian, medial canthus was Bladder meridian, lateral canthus was Gallbladder meridian, upper eyelid was Bladder meridian, lower eyelid was Stomach meridian, central cheeks was Stomach meridian, lateral cheeks was Small intestine meridian, upper and lower lips, lip corner, chin were Small and Large intestine meridian. Meridian and collateral associated with happiness was six. This proves happiness is a high importance on facial expression. Meridian and collateral associated with anger was five. Meridian and Collateral associated with fear and sadness was four. This shows fear and sadness are a low importance on facial expression than different emotion. Based on yang meridian which originally descending flow in the body, the ratio of anterograde and retrograde were happiness 3:4, angry 2:5, sadness 5:3, fear 4:1. Based on face of the meridian flow, the ratio of anterograde and retrograde were happiness 5:2, angry 3:4, sadness 3:5, fear 4:1. We found out that practical meridian and collateral flow change by emotion does not correspond to the expected meridian and collateral flow change by emotion.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2006

This study aims to analyze e potential and practical influences of physiognomic correction makeup that may change personal impression on faces, especially general physiognomy including eyebrow, cheek bones, lips. To meet this goal, this study looked into various literature materials on the basic concept and principles of physiognomy. With a series of photos showing 3 steps of makeup, i.e. a face before makeup, a face after general self-makeup and a face after makeup modified in physiognomic manner, a questionnaire survey was applied to the subjects. The results of survey can be outlined as follows It was found that physiognomic correction makeup could change various disadvantageous impressions into positive direction, impression of persons with thin eye brow looking like those with neither brightness nor deserving of any help from others, impression of persons with high cheek bones looking like the strong and masculine, impression of persons with small lips looking like the narrow-minded. Furthermore, physiognomic makeup changed positively changing the impression of persons with round chin looking like the ordinary than before.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2012

PURPOSES : Road lighting facilities increase the visibility of road at night in order to improve traffic driver safety and comfort. Generally speaking, current pole lighting has a tendency to create problems of glare and flicker. The phenomenon of glare gives discomfort due to increase of scattered light, when high luminance is in driver's field of view. The phenomenon of flicker occurs due to the driver passing through discontinuous pockets of pole lighting areas. These phenomenon increase eye strain and decrease driver safety. METHODS : Low height line lighting that distributes light lower than driver's eye level has been developed and evaluated to reduce the problems linked to current pole lighting. A test was undertaken with 4 conditions(turn on the general pole lighting, turn off alternate pole lighting, turn on the line lighting and line lighting with 50% dimming). A driver written survey was conducted in order to gain driver feedback. RESULTS : Pupil size and brow frequency compared with degree in pole lighting are reduced. CONCLUSIONS : Low height line lighting environment makes drivers more comfortable than pole lighting environment and is positive lighting method in the energy saving and landscape aspect.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.376-380
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• 2001

A 54-year-old woman presented with an exophthalmos and a mass on her right eye, which proved to be recurred adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Orbital CT and MRI showed that tumor was located in the right orbit, but skin over right eye brow was also involved. There was no visualization of tumor extension into the intracranial compartment. The authors have performed an en bloc orbitectomy. Although en bloc orbitectomy is known to be useful in reducing recurrence, this case showed the tumor recurrence and even distant metastasis that occurred after total tumor removal via en bloc orbitectomy. As adenoid cystic carcinoma of lacrimal gland is known to have high rate of recurrence and metastasis, en bloc orbitectomy should be performed to reduce local advancement and distant metastasis. In case of distant metastasis, radiotherapy could be useful strategy in selected case.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.666-670
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• 1994

식초 생산의 수율을 높이기 위해 재래식 식초생산에 사용되고 있는 종초로 부터 고농도의 에탄올에 내성을 나타내는 균주를 에탄올 순양법으로 개발해 내었다. 에탄올이 5~10% 첨가된 액체배지에 종초를 각각 가하여 에탄올 10%에서 증식이 가능한 균주를 순양 개시 42일만에 분리해 내었고, 이를 동정하여 Acetobactor sp. FM-10이라고 명명하였으며, 이 균주의 배양 특성을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. Acetobactor sp. FM-10의 증식 최적조건을 살펴본 결과, 최적온도는 $30^{\circ}C$였으며, 최적 pH는 5.0이었다. 초산생산에 적합한 배지의 조성은 에탄올 10%, 포도당 5%, yeast extract 1%가 함유된 배지였다. 식초생산 최적조건은 에탄올이 10% 첨가된 배지를 이용하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 정치배양시 배양 20일만에 최고 산도인 9.0%에 도달하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 얼굴과 동공을 검색하는 새로운 기법을 제시하며, 안전운행을 위한 운전자의 동공 감시에 적용한 실험결과를 포함하고 있다. 제시된 기법은 세 단계 주요 과정을 거치는데, 먼저 스킨칼라 세그먼테이션 기법으로 얼굴을 찾는 과정으로 이는 지금까지 사용된 휴리스틱모델이 아닌 학습과정 모델에 기반을 두고 있다. 다음에 얼굴 특징 세그먼테이션으로 눈, 입, 눈썹 등의 부분을 검출 하는데, 이를 위해 얼굴 각 부분에서 추출한 고유 특징들에 대한 PDF 추정을 사용하고 있다. 마지막으로 서큘러 하프 변환기법으로 눈 안의 동공을 찾아낸다. 제시된 기법을 조명이 다른 웹 얼굴 영상과 운전자의 CCD 얼굴 영상에 적용하여 동공을 찾아내는 실험을 하여, 높은 동공 검출율을 확인하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2006

The present study proposed to develop a Hanji hat that can protect the body from UV rays and be preferred by consumers. For this purpose, using Hanji dyed by ginkgo leaf extract, we manufactured Hats in 12 designs. The UV blocking rate was determined by putting the hats on a mannequin and measuring the quantity of UV rays penetrating through the hat. In addition, preference for each design was surveyed, and the hat most suitable for the purpose was selected. The results of this study are as follows. 1. The UV blocking rate of the manufactured Hanji hats was over 92% for UVA and 97% for UVB in all of the 12 hats. 2. Among the 12 designs, the UV blocking rate for UVA was highest in 'Design(b)' and 'Design(1)' $(P\leq0.05)$, and the UV blocking rate for UVB was identical in all the designs except 'Design(i)' and 'Design(g)' $(P\leq0.01)$. 3. The effect of UV blocking was highest on the nape of the neck; next, on the brow, the cheeks, the nose and the chin in that order. 4. According to the result of the survey of preference, simple designs such as 'Design(a), (b)' and 'Design(9)' were preferred. In addition, it was found that the design would affect the purchase of a hat marked with a UV blocking index (68%). 5. Based on the results of this research as presented above, 'Design(b)', which showed a high UV blocking effect and was highly preferred, was selected as the most suitable hat for the purpose of this research.