• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.185-196
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• 2014

This study aimed to exam the mediating effects of relational factors between family deficiency and community spirit in adolescence. Relation factors were composed of some factors, parents relation, peer relation, teacher relation, neighbor relation. Using samples from Korean Youth Panel Study(KYPS) 2012, authors analyzed 4,362, 6th grader and 9th grader, with a hierarchical regression to answer research questions proposed by the study. Results showed that the level of community spirit vary with significant in gender, age, health, family deficiency. Among control factors, girls, grade, recognition of health, earning affected the community spirit. In the relationship between family deficiency and community spirit in adolescence was proven to be influential. In conclusion, the researcher's hypothesized research model between relational factors and community spirit was proved to be true. Therefore this study suggested that adolescents in family deficiency were needed to be boosted a many relational factors. Finally, it remarked the limits of the study and the suggestions for the further research direction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1370-1376
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• 2012

This study tried to analyze $CO_2$ emission volume as green-house gases by application of land use patterns and transport policies in District Unit Design. It is postulated a Toy network and various scenarios which are combined land use patterns and transport policies for analyzing $CO_2$ gas reduction. As results, this study shows best District Unit Design technique is the policy that develop mid block and introduction of car free zone to inner 2 way streets. Worst design technique is the policy that make hierarchical network and introduction of access control to outer roads that have been known as a best road policy till nowadays. Therefore, we need more carefully introduce design technique for reduction of $CO_2$ in District Unit.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.312-323
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to examine effects of job-seeking stress, adult attachment, self-assertiveness on depression among Korean college students. Data were collected through self reported structured questionnaire form 239 Korean college students by convenient sampling methods from April 20 to May 30, 2013. The mean score of depression 14.38(SD=9.81) and 27.6% of the subjects were depression risk groups. A hierarchical multiple regression showed that job-seeking stress (${\beta}$=0.31, p<.001) and adult attachment (${\beta}$=0.32, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of depression of college students after adjusting for gender, grade, living arrangement, satisfaction for major. And these variables accounted for 34% of depression (F=12.20, p<.001). Therefore, therapeutic nursing intervention should be developed to reduce job-seeking stress and to control attachment-related anxiety, avoidance as a way to regulate depression for Korean college students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.490-500
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate fluid intake and hydration status in association with cognitive function among 230 adolescents (10-14 years of age) in Petaling Perdana, Selangor, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Urine color was used to measure hydration status, while fluid intake was assessed using the 15-item beverage intake questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition. RESULTS: More than half of the adolescents were mildly or moderately dehydrated (59.6%) and only one-third (33.0%) were well hydrated. Among the daily fluid types, intakes of soft drinks (r = -0.180; P = 0.006), sweetened tea (r = -0.184; P = 0.005) and total sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) (r = -0.199; P = 0.002) were negatively correlated with cognitive function. In terms of hydration status, cognitive function score was significantly higher (F-ratio = 4.102; P = 0.018) among hydrated adolescents (100.38 ± 12.01) than in dehydrated (92.00 ± 13.63) counterparts. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, showed that soft drinks (β = -0.009; P < 0.05) and sweetened tea (β = -0.019; P < 0.05) negatively predicted cognitive function (ΔR² = 0.044). When further control for sources of fluid, hydration status (β = -2.839; P < 0.05) was shown to negatively predict cognitive function (ΔR² = 0.021). The above variables contributed 20.1% of the variance in cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the links between fluid intake (soft drinks, sweetened tea, total SSBs) and hydration status with cognitive function in adolescents. Interventions aimed at decreasing the consumption of SSBs and increasing hydration status through healthy fluid choices, such as water, could improve cognitive performance in adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.7C
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• pp.985-996
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• 2004

In order to solve the increasing security problems, IDSs(Intrusion Detection System) have appeared. However, local IDSs have a limit to detect various intrusions in a large-scale network environment. So there are a lot of researches in progress which organize the elements of IDS in a distributed or hierarchical manner. In this paper, we design a integrated IDS which exchanges messages between them through the standardized message format (IDMEF) and communication protocol (IDXP). We also propose a policy profile for an effective control of IDSs, and employ the PKI mechanism for mutual authentication. We implement a prototype system for the proposed IDSs communicating with Snort and analyze its performance.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2009

In this paper, we investigate how to do resource allocation to guarantee a minimum user data rate at low signaling overhead in multi-cell orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless systems. We devise dynamic resource allocation (DRA) algorithms that can minimize the QoS violation ratio (i.e., the ratio of the number of users who fail to get the requested data rate to the total number of users in the overall network). We assume an OFDMA system that allows dynamic control of frequency reuse factor (FRF) of each sub-carrier. The proposed DRA algorithms determine the FRFs of the sub-carriers and allocate them to the users adaptively based on inter-cell interference and load distribution. In order to reduce the signaling overhead, we adopt a hierarchical resource allocation architecture which divides the resource allocation decision into the inter-cell coordinator (ICC) and the base station (BS) levels. We limit the information available at the ICC only to the load of each cell, that is, the total number of sub-carriers required for supporting the data rate requirement of all the users. We then present the DRA with limited coordination (DRA-LC) algorithm where the ICC performs load-adaptive inter-cell resource allocation with the limited information while the BS performs intra-cell resource allocation with full information about its own cell. For performance comparison, we design a centralized algorithm called DRA with full coordination (DRA-FC). Simulation results reveal that the DRA-LC algorithm can perform close to the DRA-FC algorithm at very low signaling overhead. In addition, it turns out to improve the QoS performance of the cell-boundary users, and achieve a better fairness among neighboring cells under non-uniform load distribution.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 2012

As complexity of real-time systems is being increased ad hoc approaches to analysis of such systems would have limitations in completeness and coverability for states space search. Formal means using a model-based approach would solve such limitations. This paper proposes a model-based formal method for logical analysis, such as safety and liveness, of real-time systems at a discrete event system level. A discrete event model for real-time systems to be analyzed is specified by DEVS(Discrete Event Systems Specification) formalism, which specifies a discrete event system in hierarchical, modular manner. Analysis of such DEVS models is performed by Communicating DEVS (C-DEVS) formalism of a timed global state transition specification and an associated analysis algorithm. The C-DEVS formalism and an associated analysis algorithm guarantees that all possible states for a given system are visited in an analysis phase. A case study of a safety analysis for a rail road crossing system illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method of the model-based approach.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2013

To improve the competitiveness of the hospital provides high quality medical services in a hospital coordinator role is emphasized. This study on customer orientation of the role ambiguity in order to identify the impact of degree of customer orientation were analyzed for demographic differences. Dependent variable, customer orientation affects role ambiguity as independent variables, and regression analysis were set. And the control variables are set to support situational factors, customer orientation on the role ambiguity and hierarchical regression analysis was performed. Obtained through empirical results are as follows: First, according to the demographic characteristics of the hospital coordinator customer orientation, the difference between gender and medical subjects are not shown. Age, education, work experience, job title, and the hospital on the pattern of customer orientation has shown a difference. Second, according to the hospital coordinator role ambiguity about its impact on customer orientation analysis can be a role implementation, job implementation, opinion communication in achieving customer orientation was negatively affected. Third, role ambiguity, and customer orientation factors for the moderating effects of organizational support for the role of customer orientation can role implementation, job implementation, opinion communication was a statistically significant. Fourth, the role ambiguity factors and customer orientation for the administrative support for the moderating effect of customer orientation and role implementation is significant, but job implementation, opinion communication were statistically significant. Fifth, the role ambiguity factors and customer support for customer orientation and customer orientation for the moderating effects of role performance and the opinion communication was not statistically significant. However, job implementation was statistically significant. The limitations of this study are as follows: First, role ambiguity, situational factors and support due to limitations of the variable factors that may affect the customer orientation of a number of factors were excluded. So many exogenous variables in the measurement process can affect. Second, the variables measured as problems of self-assessment by the variable measuring the respondent's bias may occur. Third, This study is difficult to generalize. In other words, several areas of the province conducted by the empirical results of the survey as a limit on the overall generalization can follow.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.321-332
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• 2014

In this paper we propose a new notion of predictable flags type of authorization for controlling access to XML documents. By using predictable flags, we are able to efficiently detect conflicts between existing authorizations and new authorizations to be added. XML documents have an element-composition hierarchical structure in that a higher level element consists of multiple lower level sub-elements. Many XML documents systems have used the notion of implicit authorization that grants authorizations to an element and the all descendants to avoid the overhead caused by explicitly storing all authorization for each element. When we grant an authorization on an element in the XML documents, the implicit authorization method is inefficient in determining the conflicts since it needs to examine all authorizations on the descendants of that element. In contrast, our mechanism using predictable flags has the advantage of detecting the conflicts immediately at the element where an explicit authorization is to be granted.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 1991

In this paper, 16word X 8bit Content Addressable and Reentrant Memory(CARM) is described. This device has 4 operation modes(read, write, match, reentrant). The read and write operation of CARM is like that of static RAM, CARM has the reentrant mode operation where the on chip garbage collection is accomplished conditionally. Thus function can be used for high speed matching unit of dynamic data flow computer. And CARM also can encode matching address sequentially according to therir priority. CARM consists of 8 blocks(CAM cell, Sequential Address Encoder(S.A.E). Reentrant operation. Read/Write control circuit, Data/Mask Register, Sense Amplifier, Encoder. Decoder). Designed DARM can be used in data flow computer, pattern, inspection, table look-up, image processing. The simulation is performed using the QUICKSIM logic simulator and Pspice circuit simulator. Having hierarchical structure, the layout was done using the 3{\;}\mu\textrm{m} n well CMOS technology of the ETRI design rule.