• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2001

Helianthus tuberosus has been known to inhibit the growth of weeds and other plants sharing its habitat. This study was conducted to identify the allelochemicals of Helianthus tuberosus which were extracted with water and solvents. Aqueous extracts of leaf, stem, root, tuber and tuber peel of Helianthus tuberosus except tuber did not show significant differences in phytotoxicity to alfalfa seedlings. It was considered that Helianthus tuberosus contained fewer or less potential water-soluble substances that were toxic to alfalfa. Methanol extract of leaves of Helianthus tuberosus was sequentially partitioned in increasing polarity with n-hexane, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Each extract had a yield of 148, 12, 15.7 and 9.5g, respectively. Inhibitory effects on germination of alfalfa seeds treated with four fractions were not significantly different. But the significant reductions on hypocotyl length were observed for all the solvent extracts. Among the four fractions, the ethylacetate fraction showed the most significant inhibition effect on bioassay with alfalfa. Further separation of the active ethylacetate fraction by open column chromatography led to the 25 subfractions. In bioassay of each sub-fraction with alfalfa seeds, sub-fraction No. 13 showed the most inhibitory effect on seedling growth. $^1$H NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that sub-fraction No. 13 was the mixture of straight-chain saturated fatty acids.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

In the present study, we investigated biological activities of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves in order to evaluate the possibility as a natural biomaterial. The 80% ethanol extract and its subsequent fractions of Rosa davurica Pall. leaves were prepared using several solvents with different polarities. The extraction yield was 33.4, 36.6, 25.2, 18.7, 5.8 and 5.8% in ethanol extract, aqueous, butanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, chloroform fractions, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction (661.38 mg/g), butanol fraction (396.68 mg/g) and 80% ethanolic extract (239.54 mg/g) has higher total polyphenol contents than other fractions. The antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic extract, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$, $4.77{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction significantly inhibited production of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. These results indicate that 80% ethanol extract and its fractions of Rosa davurica Pall. leaf, especially ethyl acetate fraction, have the properties of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation, suggesting leaf of Rosa davurica Pall. may be a candidate for natural and functional materials.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2014

As a part of ongoing research to elucidate and characterize antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals, solvent-partitioned fractions from Spergularia marina were tested for their ability to scavenge radicals and suppress inflammation. The results of the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay indicate that solvent-partitioned fractions from S. marina scavenged intracellular radicals in $H_2O_2$-stimulated mouse macrophages. The tested fractions decreased the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inflammation mediators, namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin (IL)-6, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages, indicating that S. marina decreases inflammation. Among all tested fractions [i.e., $H_2O$, n-buthanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH), and n-hexane], the 85% aq. MeOH fraction showed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction scavenged 80% of the free radicals produced by $H_2O_2$-induced control cells. In addition, NO production was 98% lower in 85% aq. MeOH fraction-treated cells compared to LPS-induced control cells. The mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 was also suppressed in 85% aq. MeOH fraction-treated cells. The results of the current study suggest that the phenolic compound components of S. marina are responsible for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2014

Diospyros lotus has been cultivated for its edible fruits and leaves which are considered for its medicinal importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-melanogenesis of ethyl acetate (EA) fractions from D. lotus leaves in B16 cells. The order of the total polyphenol content with regard to the different solvent fractions from D. lotus leaves was EA>butanol>metahanol>chloroform>n-hexane. The major compounds of EA fraction from D. lotus leaves by HPLC analysis were myricitrin and myricetin. Cellular TYR activity and melanin content in response to treatment with 100 mg/mL of EA fraction was inhibited more strongly than group treated with arbutin. Further, EA fraction exhibited significant anti-melanogenesis effects by reducing the levels of microphthalima-associated transcription factor (MITE), inhibiting the synthesis of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2. Therefore, EA fractions from D. lotus leaves may be a good source of skin-whitening agents in the future development of medicine-based trouble skin therapy.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.238-241
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• 2010

콜타르 유분(유출온도범위: $240{\sim}265^{\circ}C$)으로부터 추출-증류의 조합에 의해 회수한 54.3 wt% 인돌 유출액(유출온도범위 $250{\sim}255^{\circ}C$)을 원료로 사용하여 용액 결정화 조작을 행해 인돌의 고순도 정제를 검토했다. 원료 유출액은 8성분(quinoline, iso-quinoline, indole, quinaldine, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, biphenyl, phenyl ether)으로 구성되어 있다. 결정화 조작의 용매로서는 노말헥산을, 냉매로서는 메탄올 수용액(50 : 50 vol%)을 각각 사용하였으며, 결정화 장치로서는 재킷이 부착된 pyrex제 유리 회분 교반기를 사용했다. 결정화 온도와 용매/원료의 초기 체적비의 증가는 인돌의 순도를 향상시켰으나, 역으로 수율을 저하시켰다. 석출된 결정의 세정조작 없이, 노말헥산을 용매로 사용한 용액 결정화 조작에 의해 고순도(99.3 wt%)의 인돌을 고수율(50%)로 회수할 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2017

Fruits of Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham.), (English: mangrove apple, Bengali: keora) both seeds and pericarps, are largely consumed as food besides their enormous medicinal application. The fruit seeds have high content of nutrients and bioactive components. The seeds powder of S. apetala was successively fractionated using n-hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The fractions were used to evaluate antibacterial, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, and cytotoxic activities. Methanol fraction of seeds (MeS) stronly inhibited Escherichia coli strains, Salmonella Paratyphi A, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus except Vibrio cholerae at $500{\mu}g/disc$. All the fractions strongly inhibited castor oil induced diarrhoeal episodes and onset time in mice at 500 mg extract/kg body weight (P<0.001). At the same concentration, MeS had the strongest inhibitory activity on diarrhoeal episodes, whereas the n-hexane fraction (HS) significantly (P<0.05) prolonged diarrhoeal onset time as compared to positive control. Similarly, HS (P<0.005) inhibited acetic acid induced writhing in mice at 500 mg extract/kg, more than any other fraction. HS and diethyl ether fractions of seed strongly increased reaction time of mice in hot plate test at 500 mg extract/kg. All the fractions showed strong cytotoxic effects in brine shrimp lethality tests. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of HS led to the identification of 23 compounds. Linoleic acid (29.9%), palmitic acid (23.2%), ascorbyl palmitate (21.2%), and stearic acid (10.5%) were the major compounds in HS. These results suggest that seeds of S. apetala could be of great use as nutraceuticals.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2015

본 연구는 수박 과실썩음병의 원인균인 A. avenae subsp. citrulli에 대해 항균활성을 갖는 친환경 유기농자재를 개발할 목적으로 오배자(S. chinensis)를 대상으로 수행되었다. 오배자를 MeOH로 추출하여 용매분획을 하였고, 용매분획 중에서 가장 강한 활성을 나타낸 hexane fraction을 column chromatography로 분리하여 활성이 강한 분획들을 GC-MS로 분석하였다. GC chromatogram 상의 주요 peak에 해당하는 mass spectrum과 Wiley library를 비교하여 profiling한 결과, 지방산인 myristic acid, palmitic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol이 주요 물질로 검출되었다. 이들 검출 화합물의 항균활성을 검정하기 위하여 표준품을 사용하여 bioassay한 결과, myristic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol 화합물이 강한 활성을 보였다. 따라서 오배자로부터 분리한 myristic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol 화합물이 항균 활성물질인 것을 구명하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.804-808
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• 2011

본 연구는 염생식물이라는 특성으로 인해 갯벌이 발달한 우리나라에서 쉽게 접할 수 있는 칠면초의 항산화활성을 검토하고자 이루어졌다. 70% ethanol로 추출한 추출수율은 9.74%였으며 이를 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, water로 순차 분획한 수율은 water 층이 원물대비 8.73%로 가장 높은 수율을 보였고 대체적으로 극성이 높을수록 높은 분획 수율을 나타내었다. 하지만 분획물간 총 페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량 측정 결과 ethyl acetate 분획물의 에서 가장 높게 측정되었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 항산화력을 hydroxyl radical 소거능, hydrogen peroxide 소거능, xanthine oxidase 소거능 등을 측정하여 합성항산화제인 BHA와 비교한 결과 BHA의 80~90% 가량의 활성을 보여주었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

Objectives : The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activities of stem bark of Maackia amurensis extract.Methods : Stem bark of Maackia amurensis extract were prepared using 70% methanol. Methanol extracts were fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, water fractions and investigated. The antioxidant activities of fractions was evaluated by four different assays as total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free-radical scavenging activity and ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging ability.Results : The yield of methanolic extracts from stem bark of Maackia amurensis was 10.16%, whereas those of its solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol, and water) were 5.45, 11.39, 13.88, 26.07, and 40.80%, respectively. The total polyphenol contents and electron donating ability of 70% methanol extracts from stem bark of Maackia amurensis were 15.44 mg/g and 194.15 μg/mL of its IC₅₀, respectively. The 70% methanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content of chloroform fractions were higher in each of 201.98 mg/g and 13.55 mg/g. The chloroform fraction showed the lowest levels of DPPH(IC₅₀, 183.95 μg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity(IC₅₀, 10.0 μg/mL). The antioxidant activity was detected in methanol extract, chloroform fractions.Conclusions : These results indicate that 70% methanol extract and its fractions of stem bark of Maackia amurensis, especially chloroform fraction, have the properties of anti-oxidant suggesting stem bark of Maackia amurensis may be a candidate for natural and functional materials.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1998년도 Proceedings of UNESCO-internetwork Cooperative Regional Seminar and Workshop on Bioassay Guided Isolation of Bioactive Substances from Natural Products and Microbial Products
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• pp.178-178
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• 1998

We reported that the hexane fraction of Torilis Fructus have an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Therefore, in order to isolate the active compound, the hexan fraction of Torilis Fructus was chromatographed on silica gel column. The subfraction of hexane fraction was crystallized as colorless stout needles. The chemical structure of this compound was verified to be torilin through m.p., UV, IR, GC-MS, and NMR spectral data. In pharmacological tests, torilin exhibited strong anticarrageenan activity at the dose of 90 and 270 mg/kg, p.o. in rats, and it had inhibitory effect on the vascular permeability at the dose of 30 and 90 mg/kg, p.o. in mice. Torilin showed potent inhibition of leucocyte emigration in CMC-pouch at the dose of 3 and 9 mg/rat, s.c. Torilin have the analgesic effect at the dose of 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg, p.o. in both of the acetic acid- and phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced writhing syndrome. It also increased the pain threshold at the dose of 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg, p.o. in the tail pressure method and the Randall-Selitto method. Torilin did not show a hypothermic action at the dose of 30 and 90 mg/kg, p.o. in mice. The acute toxicity of torilin was very weak: the LD$\_$50/ value was more than 5000 mg/kg, p.o. and 2000 mg/kg, Lp. in mice. From the above mentioned results, it was suggested that torilin had potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in animals.