• Title/Summary/Keyword: heterosis

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STUDIES ON THE GENETIC ANALYSIS AMONG BURLEY, FLUE-CURED AND SUN-CURED TYPE TOBACCO 1. HETEROSIS, CORRELATION AND COMBINING ABILITY OF $F_1$ HYBRID (버어리종, 황색종, 양건종, 담배의 유전분석에 관한 연구 I. $F_1$의 잡종강세, 상관 및 조합능력)

  • 한철수
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.99-109
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    • 1985
  • The present studies were carried out to obtain some basic informations of the breeding of tobacco varieties. Genetically divergent 8 varieties, 3 flue-cured, 2 burley and 3 sun-cured tobaccos, were used in half diallel cross. In order to analyze the heterosis, combining abilities, modes of inheritance and correlations for some agronomic and chemical characters, 8 parents and 28 $F_1$ were tested. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The percentages of heterosis for stem diameter, internode length and total sugar content in $F_1$ hybrid were 3.6%, 3.1% and 10.6%, whereas these for days to flower, total alkaloids and leaves per plant were -6.3%, -6.9% and -5.0%, respectively. Yield had significant positive genotypic correlations with plant height, days to flower and leaf length, but negative with internode length and total sugar content. It also had significant prositive phenotypic correlations with plant height, days to flower, leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width and leaf shape index (Leaf length/leaf width). General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for all characters of $F_1$ hybrid were significant. The effects of GCA were positive on yield, plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant and days to flower of Burley 21. And those were positive on yield, leaf shape index and plant height, but negative on leaves per plant and total nitrogen of Hicks. The effects of SCA for yield and leaves per plant were greater than those of others on the combinations of Coker 139 and Burley type, respectively.

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Combining Ability and Genetic Analysis of Boll Characters in Cotton(G. Hirsulum L) (목화 (G. hirsulum L.)의 삭 형질에 대한 조합능력과 유전분석)

  • 박규환;어진수;최주호;백인열
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.317-325
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    • 2000
  • A six parent dialled analysis was conducted to get basic information for improving yield of upland cotton. Heterosis, combining ability, genetic components and correlation coefficients for boll length, boll width, boll weight, 100 seed weight, lint weigth per boll and lint percentage were studied. Estimates of heterosis for all characters and heterobeltiosis for boll weight and lint weight per boll showed positive values. In general combining ability effect, 'Muan' and 'Imsung' showed highely positive effect in all characters. In specific combining ability effect, the combinations of 'Seungju${\times}$Imsung$.$Seosan${\times}$Imsung' for bll length, 'Cheju${\times}$Imsung$.$Seung${\times}$Imsung' for boll width, 'Cheju${\times}$Muan$.$Cheju${\times}$Imsung' for boll weight, 'Cheju${\times}$Soonchun$.$Muan${\times}$Imsung' for 100 seed weight, 'Soonchun${\times}$Muan' for lint weight per boll and 'Soonchun${\times}$Seosan$.$Seungju${\times}$Muan' for lint percentage showed highly positive effect. Partial dominance was observed for boll length, boll weight, 100 seed weight and lint weight per boll, complete dominance for boll width and overdominance for lint percentage. The number of effective gene group was estimated as one for all characters. The estimates of narrow and broad sense heritabilities were high for all characters except as one for all characters. The estimates of narrow and broad sense heritabilities were high for all characters except lint percentage. Correlation coefficients among the boll length, boll width, boll weight, 100 seed weight and lint weight per boll were positive, whereas lint percentage was negatively correlated with other characters.

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Estimation of Heterosis from Strain Crosses of White Crosses and White Plymouth Rock for Certain Economic Traits (백색코니쉬와 백색플리머드록 계통간 교배단계별 경제형질에 대한 잡종강세 발현율 추정)

  • 정일정;정선부;연성흠
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 1985
  • This study was carried out to estimate combining abilities and heterosis in White Cornish and White Plymouth Rock. The data were obtained over an 8weeks period from 3rd Oct., 1984 to 28th Nov. 1984 at the Livestock Experiment Station. A total of 810 birds, composed of 369 pure strains, 270 two-way crosses, and 180 fourway crosses were average amount of heterosis expressed as a ratio was 1.63% for livability, 5.47% for body weight at 8 weeks, 5.57% for weight gain from day old to 8 weeks and -5.98% for feed requirement. Specific combining ability were statistically significant for all of the traits examined in this study. Although the general combining ability was not significant for any of the traits, strain A appears to be superior to other strains.

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Fruit Yield and Quality Evaluation of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) F1 Hybrids Derived from Inbred Lines

  • Shrestha, Surendra Lal;Luitel, Binod Prasad;Lee, Taek Jong;Kang, Won Hee
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 2010
  • Sweet pepper inbred lines (KNU1003, KNU1006, KNU1007, KNU1009, KNU1015, KNU1017 and KNU2006) developed at Kangwon National University (KNU) through conventional means, inbred lines (5AVS1, 5AVS2, 5AVS3, 5AVS5, 5AVS7 and 5AVS8) collected at Rural Development Administration (RDA) and inbred lines (SP12, SP27 and SP14) derived from anther culture were used as female parents and anther culture derived homozygous lines (SP9, SP10, SP14, SP24, SP25, SP27, SP30, SP32, SP34, SP38, SP43, SP45 and SP51) were used as male parents to produce $F_1$ hybrids. A total of 37 $F_1$ hybrids were evaluated for fruit yield and quality characters in summer season, 2007. Variation in fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit volume was observed among the $F_1$ hybrids. Superiority on yield over standard/commercial varieties were differed among $F_1$ hybrids. Hybrid $5AVS8{\times}SP45$ exhibited highest heterosis over Special (16.5%) and Fiesta (24.7%). Fruit quality characters (fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness, total soluble solid, fruit shape and fruit color) were varied among the $F_1$ hybrids. Fruit number, fruit weight and fruit volume per plant were correlated with fruit yield. Based on the standard heterosis expressed by the hybrids and quality characters evaluation, $KNU1017{\times}SP27$, $5AVS1{\times}SP43$, $5AVS5{\times}SP27$, $5AVS8{\times}SP45$, $SP12{\times}SP38$ and $SP27{\times}SP25$ hybrids were found to be superior over commercial cultivars and are selected. Inbred lines of these hybrid combinations can be used to produce $F_1$ hybrid seed for commercial production.

Studies on Breeding of Hybrid Rice Using the Korean Cytoplasmic and Genetic Male Sterile Rice III. Yield and Grain Quality of the $F_1$ Rice Hybrids Developed by Using the Genetic Male Sterile Lines Having the Backgrounds of Korean Variety (세포질적 유전자적 웅성불임을 이용한 벼 일대잡종 육성방안 III. 유전자적 웅성불임계통을 이용한 일대잡종 벼의 수량과 미질)

  • Suh, Hak-Soo;Cho, Young-Chan
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 1987
  • Eleven F$_1$ rice hybrids were developed by using the genetic male sterile lines having the backgrounds of Korean variety. The average heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for grain yield were 15.2%, 8.7% and 17.9%, respectively. Significant heterobe1tiosis for number of grains per panicle was observed. The leaf blast reaction of the hybrids was mostly similar to that of the more resistant parent. Amylose content of the hybrids ranged from 20.5% to 22.5% and protein content from 10.4% to 11.1%. The degrees of alkali digestion value, white center or white belly, clearance and heading date of the hybrids were almost same as their parents.

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Breeding Hybrid Rice with Good Quality and High Yield II. Combining Ability of the Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterile and Restorer Lines with Backgrounds of Japonica Rice, and Heterosis for Yield and Grain Quality of the Hybrid Rices (양질 다수성 일대잡종 벼 육성 연구 II. 새로 육성된 Japonica형 웅성불임 및 임성회복계통의 조합능력과 일대잡종 벼의 잡종강세 정도 및 미질)

  • Hak-Soo SUH
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.418-424
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    • 1993
  • In order to test combining ability of the cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile(CGMS) and restorer lines with backgrounds of Korean japonica rice varieties, diallel crosses were made among the early maturing CGMS lines Sobaegbyeo A, Odaebyeo A, Gwanagbyeo A and Daeseongbyeo A, and the restorer lines Sobaegbyeo R, Odaebyeo R, Gwanagbyeo Rand Daeseongbyeo R, and among the medium maturing CGMS lines Hwajinbyeo A, Paldal A, Suwon 224 A and Iri 386 A and the restorer lines Hwajinbyeo R, Paldal R, Suwon 224 Rand Iri 386 R, and among the late maturing CGMS lines Nagdongbyeo A, Palkweng A, Hwacheongbyeo A and Milyang 97 A and the restorer lines Nagdongbyeo R, Palkweng R, H wacheongbyeo Rand Milyang 97 R. The fourty eight combinations of the hybrids, their parents and the maintainers were grown in field condition in 1992. General combining ability, relative specific combining ability and relative combining ability for yield of the CGMS and restorer lines were tested. Combining ability of the CGMS lines Odaebyeo A, Iri 386 A, Nagdongbyeo A and Palkweng A, and of the restorer lines Odaebyeo R, Hwajinbyeo R, Hwacheongbyeo Rand Palkweng R was relatively high. Heterobeltiosis for grain yield over the better parent of the early maturing hybrids ranged from -17 % to 15%, and that of the medium maturing ones from -4% to 22%, and that of the late maturing ones from -46% to 30% respectively, Standard heterosis over the standard variety of the early maturing hybrids ranged from -13 % to 12 %, and that of the medium maturing ones from 0 % to 26%, and that of the late maturing ones from -38% to 26% respectively, Positive and negative heterosis for grain yield of the hybrid rices were observed depending on cross combinations, In the positive heterosis hybrids, number of panicles per hill and number of spikelets per panicle contributed mostly to grain yield, while in the negative heterosis hybrids, spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight were closely correlated to grain yield. Amylose content of the hybrid rices, maintainer and restorer lines was mostly lower than 20 %, and alkali digestion value was higher than 6.0. Grain appearance of the hybrids tested was similar to the korean japonica rice varieties.

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The Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Characters in the Silkworm by Diallel Cross of Four Inbred Lines Differing in Silk Yield (견생산력이 다른 계통간의 Diallel Cross에 의한 누에 양적 형질의 유전분석)

  • 손기욱;유강선
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 1987
  • Extensive studies were undertaken to analyze the genetic basis of economically important quantitative characters in the silkworm by diallel crosses of four inbred lines differing widely in silk yielding ability. Some differences between the reciprocal corsses were detected in cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon filament length and cocoon filament weight in case the parental lines were greatly differenent each other in silk yielding ability. The general combining ability (GCA) varied with the inbred lines and M242, a Chieese sexlimited larval marking variety showed high GCA value in the economic characters, such as cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon filament length and weight, and raw silk percentage. The highest heterosis effect, about 13% to 14% was seen in cocoon and raw silk yield and it was low in cocoon reelability and raw silk percentage with less than 1%. It is advisable to improve highly heritable quantitative characters such as larval duration, cocoon shell weight, cocoon filament length and raw silk percentage by means of selection, and to select single crosses with high heterosis effect for cocoon weight and cocoon yield which show overdominance. Genetic correlation should be considered when more than two characters are targets for improvement and selecting high cocoon shell weight is effective to breed high silk yielding varieties. It is difficult to improve cocoon reelability because of low heritability (0.11) and its negative correlation with cocoon-silk quality.

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Heterosis, Combining Ability Analysis, and Component of Genetic Variation for the Yield related Character in Cotton(Gossypium hirsulum L) (목화(Gossypium hirsulum L.) 수량관련 형질의 잡종강세, 조합능력 및 유전성분분석)

  • Park, Gyu-Hwan;Kim, Kyung-Min;Kwak, Tae-Soon;Lee, Wha-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.168-176
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    • 2007
  • Heterosis, combining ability, genetic components, effective factor no. and heritability for yield of seed cotton per plant, boll no., seeds per boll, seed length, seed width and lint weight per boll were investigated in $5{\times}5$ half diallel set of crosses involving diverse upland cultivars. Both heterosis and heterobeltiosis for yield per plant, boll number, seed length and lint weight showed significantly negative values. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) showed highly significant. Overdominance was observed for yield per plant, boll number, seeds per boll and seed width, complete dominance for seed length and partial dominance for lint weight. The number of effective factor was estimated as two for yield per plant, boll number and seed length and estimated as one for seeds per boll, seed width and lint weight. Narrow sense heritability was low for yield per plant, boll number and seeds per boll. Broad sense heritability was very high for all the characters excepting lint weight.

Investigation of Korean Maize Lines: N. Inbreeding Depression, Heterosis and Homozygosity of 69 Korean Maize Lines (재래종 옥수수 수집종에 대한 특성조사(IV))

  • ;Bong-Ho Chae
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 1980
  • This is the fourth report in serial studies on the botanical characters of Korean maize lines collected. Several plant characters and genetical nature of lines were investigated and compared among selfed, sibbed and test crossed lines. Inbreeding depression and heterosis, and homozygosity expressed in percent were calculated. Throughout the study a great extent of variation of plant characters and genetical variation expressed in terms of inbreeding depression and heterosis were observed. The observed plant and genetic variation of plant characters were assumed to be enough for providing new breeding materials for future maize breeding program. The degree of homozygosity of Korean local maize lines suggested that a great portion of maize grown by Korean farmers presently are near or close to inbred and presumed to show a great heterosis when crossed to divergent lines.

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