• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.36-49
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• 2014

Objectives: Quercetin and curcuminoids are important bioactive compounds found in many herbs. Previously reported high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) methods for the detection of quercetin and curcuminoids have several disadvantages, including unsatisfactory separation times and lack of validation according the standard guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Methods: A rapid, specific, reversed phase, HPLC-UV method with an isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 2% v/v acetic acid (40% : 60% v/v) (pH 2.6) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/minutes, a column temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, and ultraviolet (UV) detection at 370 nm was developed. The method was validated and applied to the quantification of different types of market available Chinese medicine extracts, pills and tablets. Results: The method allowed simultaneous determination of quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin in the concentration ranges of $0.00488-200{\mu}g/mL$, $0.625-320{\mu}g/mL$, $0.07813-320{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.03906-320{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification, respectively, were 0.00488 and $0.03906{\mu}g/mL$ for quercetin, 0.62500 and $2.50000{\mu}g/mL$ for bisdemethoxycurcumin, 0.07813 and $0.31250{\mu}g/mL$ for demethoxycurcumin, and 0.03906 and $0.07813{\mu}g/mL$ for curcumin. The percent relative intra day standard deviation (% RSD) values were $0.432-0.806{\mu}g/mL$, $0.576-0.723{\mu}g/mL$, $0.635-0.752{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.655-0.732{\mu}g/mL$ for quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively, and those for intra day precision were $0.323-0.968{\mu}g/mL$, $0.805-0.854{\mu}g/mL$, $0.078-0.844{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.275-0.829{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The intra day accuracies were 99.589%-100.821%, 98.588%-101.084%, 9.289%-100.88%, and 98.292%-101.022% for quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively, and the inter day accuracy were 99.665%-103.06%, 97.669%-103.513%, 99.569%-103.617%, and 97.929%-103.606%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was found to be simple, accurate and precise and is recommended for routine quality control analysis of commercial Chinese medicine products containing the flour flavonoids as their principle components in the extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine whether Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom), cultivated in various ratios with herbal extract remnants instead of cotton supplemented with nutrients (the control), improved mycelial growth, mushroom yields and longevity during storage. In addition, we investigated the transfer of medicinal herb components into the mushrooms since they contained non-specific medicinal herbs and their composition could not be controlled. Mushrooms cultivated with 70% and 100% medicinal herb remnants had faster growth rates, higher yields and less failure in the development of the fruit body than the control group. There were no differences in HPLC chromatogram among the methanol extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus in all groups. In addition, glycyrrhizin, an indicative compound of licorice which was a major herb among the herbal remnants, was not detected in any of the extracts. Pleurotus ostreatus that was cultivated with 70% and 100% herbal extract remnants had improved storage longevity in comparison with the control. They exhibited the least weight loss during storage among the groups and they maintained firmness in the stipe and pileus. However, the sources of media did not alter the color difference of the stipe and pileus or the quality index of the outward appearance during storage. In conclusion, cultivating media that contained over 70% of medicinal herb extract remnants increased the growth rates and yields of Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, these mushrooms had enhanced storage longevity due to their firmness. Therefore, medicinal herb extract remnants should be utilized in the cultivating media of various mushrooms.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.105-120
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• 2010

Paeonia Suffruticosa and Prunus Persica have been used as oriental medicine for removal of fever, alleviation of pain, an anti-phlogistic effect and removal of extravasated blood. However, it has been never shown the effects of these herbal medicines on anti-inflammatory processes. This experiment was performed to show how these herbs could act as anti-inflammatory medicines at cellular level. Anti-inflammation effects of water extracts from Paeonia Suffruticosa and Prunus Persica as well as their mixture have been investigated, and the results were follows; 1) each extract slightly suppressed the expression and production of inflammatory mediators and enzymes such as NO, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$, and TNF-$\alpha$ in lipopolysaccharid(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These suppressive effects, however, were synergistically increased by their mixture. 2) Each extract of Paeonia Suffruticosa and Prunus Persica insignificantly suppressed the activation and activity of NF-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which controls the expression of inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$, and TNF-$\alpha$. However, extract mixture of Paeonia Suffruticosa and Prunus Persica suppressed effectively the activation and activity of NF-${\kappa}B$. 3) Each of Paeonia Suffruticosa and Prunus Persica induced translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ to the nucleus from the cytosol and DNA-binding activity of nuclear NF-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. The extract mixture of Paeonia Suffruticosa and Prunus Persica showed more significant suppression of the NF-${\kappa}B$ translocation and its DNA-binding activity, as compared to those of the each extract. These results suggest that the extract mixture of Paeonia Suffruticosa and Prunus Persica may affect different control mechanisms for NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and the expression and production of NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent inflammatory mediators, indicating that this extract mixture may be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1997

Oriental medicine as a candidate for effective cancer treatment recently gain positive concerns in fields of therapeutic oncology. that is why some herbal medicines have been empirically safer in toxicity than anticancer drugs used in western medicine, and to show excellent therapeutic efficacy in human trial. Thus, these effects by clinically applied-herbs have not yet fully demonstrated in experimental tumor model. This study was initiated to evaluate the antitumor effect of Insambaekhaptang as candidate of antitumor-herbal agent against B16 melanoma metastasized into C57BL/6 mice lung. In experiment to test whether Insambaekhaptang can directly kill cancer cells in vitro or not, Insambaekhaptang showed direct killing action in concentration or higher against B16 melanoma cells using MTT assay, and showed lower IC50. Another experiment to know whether Insambaekhaptang can inhibit growth and metastasis of cancer cell or not, Insambaekhaptang significantly inhibited Solid tumor by intraperiperal injected-melanoma and lung metastasis induced by intravenous injected-melanoma in inbred C57BL/6 mice. When quantitative survival time increasing, we could obtain results that increased 113% in treated by Insambaekhaptang. These results show that Insambaekhaptang can inhibit growth of B16 melanoma cells through various biological mechanisms.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.36-46
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• 2006

Objectives : Ginseng Research Group in Korea Food Research Institute developed Saeng Mac San (KFRI-2)and Je Ho Tang (KFRI-3) with their sensory factors more acceptable. And we examined their effects on the short-term recovery capacity for cycling exercise (EX) maintained to all-out. Methods : Seven healthy young subjects (aged $24.0{\pm}2.1yr$) were volunteered at this double blind test. Each of KFRI-2, 3, a commercial sport beverage and control (CON) was offered randomly on a series of EX protocol including 65% VO2max-90min EX (D-ride). 1h-recovery and 85% VO2max EX to all-out (P-ride) under the control of their heart rate (HR) and rating perception of exertion (RPE). Blood samples were collected before D-ride, 30, 60 and 90min in D-ride, 30 and 60min in the recovery period and each 10min in P-ride. Plasma analysis items were glucose, insulin, cortisol (CORT), testosterone (TEST), free fatty acid (FFA), $Na^+$, Cl-and $K^+$. The collected data (Means${\pm}$SE) were analysed by two-way ANOVA and statistically significant differences between treatments (p<0.05) by LSD.; the significant level in FFA, $Na^+$, Cl-and $Na^+$ was p<0.01 Results : At 30min during recovery. plasma glucose level in KFRI-3 was significantly higher than CON, and also insulin in KFRI-3 was than CON and KFRI-2. FFA in KFRI-3 was significantly lower than CON during recovery. $Na^+$ in KFRI-3 significantly higher than CON at 90min in D-ride, and also KFRI-2 was at 60min during recovery. However CORT, TEST, Cl-and $Na^+$ in treated beverages were not significant. KFRI-2, 3 elevated the time for P-ride more than CON did. Conclusions : KFRI-2, 3 elevated the time for P-ride about 12% more than CON did. It is based on rapid recovery of plasma glucose level and inhibition of lipolysis during recovery.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.460-467
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• 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the word. Although radiation and chemotherapy are generally effective, there are various side effects that greatly limit the effectiveness of these treatments. Therefore, traditional herbs may have potential as important resources for the discovery of liver cancer therapeutics. In this study, we selected three Korean herbal medicine formulas from the Donguibogam, namely Bigihwan (BGH), Daechilgithang (DCGT), and Mokwhyangbinranghwan (MHBRH), and evaluated their anti-cancer effects on HCC cells. According to our results of three ethanol extracts, BGH was more effective at suppressing HCC growth than DCGT or MHBRH. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that inhibition of HCC proliferation by the three extracts was associated with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. In particular, BGH significantly increased mitochondrial impairment and showed the possibility of inducing mitophagy in comparison with the other two extracts. BGH prominently upregulated the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 which was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 without altering the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax. In addition, the levels of PTEN-induced kinase 1 were also markedly increased in BGH-treated HCC cells. Moreover, autophagy blocking improved cell viability and reduced apoptosis after the three treatments, indicating that autophagy by these extracts enhances HCC cells against cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our findings show that BGH demonstrates the highest anti-cancer activity among the three formulas and inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells through autophagy induction.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2012

In this study, we selected some herbal formulation about a series of Chijasi-tang in Dongeuibogam by using web-based open program;Prescription Lineage Graph (http://164.125.206.43/PrescriptionLineageGraph.aspx). And we compared and analyzed the changes of efficacy, major target symptoms of each herbal formulation according to compositional variation of each herbal formulation. Chijasi-tang, first appeared in Sanghanlun, consists of Capejasmine and Fermented soybean, and it is mainly used to treat insomnia due to vexation, heartburn and yellow greasy tongue fur. Capejasmine can clear away irritable feverish sensation in chest by flowing downward the heat, and Fermented soybean can disperse stagnated heat throughout the chest by expelling stagnated heat from the exterior In the case of the heat stagnation caused by relapsing of disease due to overstain, Chisijisil-tang can be used. And if symptom appear more on the upper or exterior than a case of Chisijisil-tang, Seosisi-tang could be more suitable, if half exterior and half interior, Omae-tang could be for it. In addition, if symptom caused by relapsing due to improper diet, Chisijihwang-tang could be proper formulation. In the case of the heat stagnation body inside and jaundice, if it is caused by alcohol, Chijadaehwang-tang could be used for the purpose of urgent purgation, Galchul-tang would be suitable for helping the function of the spleen and the stomach and for treatment of damp-heat of the spleen and the stomach. And if it is caused by pandemic infection, Jangdal-hwan would be good formulation for it. Samhwangseokgo-tang and Yangdokchija-tang could be appropriate formulation for the raging of noxious heat and pathogenic fire caused by febrile disease with toxic yang. Daehwangeum-ja is for severe constipation due to heat-dryness with stagnated fever, Haebaek-tang is appropriate for severe diarrhea due to heat type change of Soeum. According to the result of our investigation, although there are various target causes and symptoms of each herbal formulations, whatever pathogenetic cause is, the stagnated heat in interior side is the basis of symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of including Chijasi-tang in composition of each herbal formulation is treatment of the stagnated heat. For such reason, on the fundamental or ancillary basis of Chijasi-tang plus some herbs for each therapeutic purpose.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2013

Kalopanax pictus has pharmacologically anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and is known to respond to treatment of backache, knee pain and etc. In this study, we investigated the effects on gastric lesions of Kalopanax pictus both from Korea (KPK) and China (KPC) compared with their related origin, Znthoxylum ailanthoide both from Korea (ZAK) and China (ZAC), and Korean Bombax malabaricum (BMK). In preliminary screening, KPK and KPC shown effective inhibition of HCI EtOH-induced gastritis in rats. To elucidate their protective effects on gastric lesions, we assessed inhibition of H. pylori colonization, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activities, reducing power test, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. KPK was the most effective from antioxidant assays. KPK also shown the inhibition of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Gastric secretion in rats, KPK reduced the secretion of gastric juice and total acidity and raised pH. Therefore, it is possible that KPK can be developed as health functional food and natural medicine. In addition, it can contribute to the standardization with objectivity and reliability for KPK through the criteria establishment of the precise origin of medicine, the prevention of indiscriminate distribution of imitation, and the rising rate of dependence on imports of medicinal herbs, and mixing prevention of low-quality goods.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Objectives: Osteoporosis is considered a serious human disease. We developed an extract of mixed herbs containing root of Platycodon grandiflorum (ExMH-PGR), which is expected to be effective in preventing or treating osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effect of ExMH-PGR in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: To examine the anti-osteoporotic effect of ExMH-PGR, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation were induced and cultured with various concentrations of ExMH-PGR. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, osteocalcin production, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the formation of actin ring in RAW 264.7 cells were analyzed. Results: ExMH-PGR at concentration up to $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased ALP activity, collagen synthesis, osteocalcin production, and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells. ExMH-PGR at 50 to $200{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited TRAP activity and the formation of actin ring in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that ExMH-PGR stimulates osteoblastic activities and inhibits osteoclastic activities in in vitro systems, suggesting that ExMH-PGR might be considered as an anti-osteoporotic candidate for treatment of osteoporosis disease.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.425-430
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• 2007

To investigate the potential therapeutic value of a plant extract against amyloid ${\beta}-peptide-induced$ cell damage, we first screened extracts of 250 herbs, and finally selected a water extract of Spinacia oleracea for further study. This extractshowed the potential to inhibit the reactions of oxidants. We measured the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of the extract, and assessed the ability of the extract to protect neuronal cells from chemical-induced cell death. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were used in this assay. The extract exerted protective effects on $H_2O_2-induced$ cell death, when $H_2O_2$ was used at 100 M, 200 M, and 500 M (protection of 87%, 73%, and 58%, respectively). When 50 M of amyloid ${\beta}-peptide$ was added to the test cells, however, the extract had no protective effect on cell death. The extract inhibited ACE activity in a dose-dependent manner, and exhibited potent protection against the deleterious effects of $H_2O_2$. In sum, these results suggest that a water extract of Spinacia oleracea has the potential to afford protection against chemical-induced neuronal cell death, and the extract may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The precise molecular mechanism of neuroprotection is under investigation.