• 식물병연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2009

오이녹반모자이크바이러스(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, CGMMV)는 오이 대목용 흑종호박(figleaf gourd)에 즙액 전염이 되지 않았으나, 2008년 충남 천안지역에서 CGMMV의 발병율이 100%를 나타내는 오이재배 하우스에서 채집한 이 대목은 RT-PCR에서 모두 바이러스가 검출되었다. 흑종호박에 오이를 접목한후 오이 잎에 CGMMV를 접종하여 RT-PCR을 실시한 결과, 흑종호박에서 목표 합성 DNA가 검출되었다. 검출된 DNA의 농도는 흑종호박 보다 오이에서 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 그러나 바이러스 입자는 대목 부위에서 검경이 되지 않았을 뿐만 아니라, Nicotiana benthamicana에도 감염이 되지 않았다. 대목에서 CGMMV 입자를 확인하기 위하여 흑종호박과 오이를 접목하여 상호 성장하게 한 후 오이 잎에 바이러스를 접종한 다음, 각각 식물체로부터 바이러스를 정제하였다. 오이 추출물에서는 전형적인 바이러스 순화 흡광도 곡선이 나타났지만, 흑종호박 추출물에서는 흡광도 곡선이 나타나지 않았고 단지 극소수의 바이러스 입자가 검경되었다. 이러한 결과에서 CGMMV의 입자는 대목으로 단순하게 이동이 확인되었지만, 흑종호박은 이 바이러스의 기주식물이 아님을 입증하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1341-1345
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• 2007

There are four kinds of formulas for purging the liver to cure its sthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas : Sagan-tang, Saganhwan, Saseem-san and Saganeum. Another formula called Sacheonghwan, Sacheong-tang and Sacheong-san is to purge the green colour of liver. There are 38 kinds of Sagan-tang, 2 kinds of Saganhwan, 29 kinds of Sagan-san, 5 kinds of Saganeum, 4 kinds of Sacheonghwan, 3 kinds of Sacheong-tang and 1 kind of Sacheong-san. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for purging the liver, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Sagan-tang for curing the sthenic syndrome of liver through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sagan-tang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Sagan-tang. This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sagan-tang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$, the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Sagan-tang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Radix Paeoniae (2don;7.5 g), No.2 Fructus Chaenomelis (1don;3.75 g), No.3 Radix Rehmanniae (1don), No.4 Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis (1don), No.5 Radix Bupleuri (1don), No.6 Radix Scutellariae (1don), and No.7 Radix Glycyrrhizae (1don). There are three methods for curing the sthenic syndrome of liver according to the five elements doctrine : purging the liver, purging the heart and invigorating the lung. In the case of taste purgation, two herbal medicines with sour taste, Radix Paeoniae and Fructus Chaenomelis, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property purgation, two herbal medicines with the cool property, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Scutellariae, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Both sweet and cold herbal medicines, Radix Rehmanniae and Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Sour herbal medicines, Radix Paeoniae and Fructus Chaenomelis, were combined to invigorate the lung. Cool herbal medicines, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Scutellariae, were combined to invigorate the lung and to purge the liver. In addition, Radix Glycyrrhizae are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, harmonizing all the herbal medicines composing the formula. First, to cure the sthenic syndrome of the liver, the methods of purging the liver and the heart, and invigorating the lung should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Sagan-tang is combined according to the above theories.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2016

Background: The study was conducted to elucidate the extraction conditions under which white ginseng has cognition-improving efficacy. Methods and Results: Extracts from white ginseng under different solvent and temperature conditions were analyzed for ginsenoside content and inhibitory effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and acetylcholinesterase. The total ginsenoside contents and amounts of ginsenoside Rb1 plus ginsenoside Rg1 from the 1st extracts (prepared with EtOH/$H_2O$ as solvent) were higher than those from the 2nd extracts (extracted with $H_2O$ after the 1st EtOH/$H_2O$ extraction). The contents in the 1st and 2nd extracts produced at $80^{\circ}C$ were also higher than those obtained at $50^{\circ}C$. Samples from the 1st extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ indicated higher inhibitory activities on NMDA receptors-whose excessive activation is thought to mediate the calcium-dependent neurotoxicity associated with several neurodegenerative diseases-than those from the 2nd extraction. Among the samples prepared at varying temperatures, the extract prepared at $50^{\circ}C$ showed the highest suppression activity on NMDA receptors. Note, however, that the extracts from the 2nd extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ inhibited acetylcholinesterase-whose inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive deficits and memory malfunction-more effectively than those from the 1st extraction. Conclusions: To enhance the cognition-improving activity of white ginseng extract, it is suggested that the extracts be utilized after being combined the 1st extracts (made with EtOH/$H_2O$ solvent) and the 2nd extracts (prepared with $H_2O$) at low temperature.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2007

The cause and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown and no definitetherapy exists until now. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory effectsof a herbal preparation (HemoHIM) in colitis induced by 30 mg of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. Each group was treated with 1 mg ofHemoHIM/ml of drinking water, 4 mg of HemoHIM/ml of drinking water, 50 mg of HemoHIM/kgof body weight (i.p. once every other day) or 10 mg/kg of HemoHIMof body weight (i.p. onceevery other day) from the next day. After 2 weeks, rats were sacrificed and morphologic featuresof colons were examined. Ulceration, adhesion, thickening and dilatation were noticed in the colonicmucosa after TNBS instillation. Intraperitoneal injection of HemoHIM (50 and 100 mg/kg of bodyweight) showed the anti-inflammatory effect on adhesion, thickening, dilatation, ulceration, and theinhibition effect on damage score by 72.7% and 90.9%, respectively. Histologically, the colon of TNBS-treated rat showed inflammatory cell infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells, multiple erosive lesionsignificant improvement in these symptoms. The results obtained suggest marked anti-inflamatoryactivity of the HemoHIM at the dose levels examined.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2017

HemoHIM, herbal preparation has designed for immune system recovery. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of HemoHIM on cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mouse model. To induce COPD, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 1 h per day (eight cigarettes per day) for 4 weeks and intranasally received LPS on day 26. HemoHIM was administrated to mice at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg 1h before CS exposure. HemoHIM reduced the inflammatory cell count and levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) induced by CS+LPS exposure. HemoHIM decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration in the airway and inhibited the expression of iNOS and MMP-9 and phosphorylation of Erk in lung tissue exposed to CS+LPS. In summary, our results indicate that HemoHIM inhibited a reduction in the lung inflammatory response on CS and LPS induced lung inflammation via the Erk pathway. Therefore, we suggest that HemoHIM has the potential to treat pulmonary inflammatory disease such as COPD.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2008

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of marker constituents, baicalin and glycyrrhizin was established for the quality control of traditional herbal medicinal preparation, Eul-Ja-Tang (EJT). Separation and quantification were successfully achieved with a Waters XTerra RP18 column ($5{\mu}m$, 4.6 mm I.D. ${\times}$ 150 mm) by gradient elution of a mixture of acetonitrile and water containing 0.03% phosphoric acid (pH 2.03) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The diode-array UV/VIS detector (DAD) was used for the detection and the wavelength for quantification was set at 250 nm. The presence of baicalin and glycyrrhizin in this decoction was ascertained by retention time, spiking with each authentic standard and UV spectrum. Both baicalin and glycyrrhizin showed good linearity ($r^2$ > 0.999) in a relatively wide concentration ranges. The R.S.D. for intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 5% and the limits of detection (LOD) were about 30 ng. The mean recovery of each compound was 99.5 - 101.2% with R.S.D. values less than 4.0%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of contents of baicalin and glycyrrhizin in three commercial products of EJT, which resulted in the difference in the contents of these compounds. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple, effective and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for commercial EJT products.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2009

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of marker constituents, paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin was established for the quality control of traditional herbal medicinal preparation, Sayuk-san (SYS). Separation and quantification were successfully achieved with a Waters XTerra RP18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6mm\;I.D.{\times}150mm$) by gradient elution of a mixture of acetonitrile and water containing 0.03% phosphoric acid (pH 2.03) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The diode-array UV/vis detector (DAD) was used for the detection and the wavelength for quantification was set at 230 nm. The presence of paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin in this decoction was ascertained by retention time, spiking with each authentic standard and UV spectrum. All two compounds showed good linearity ($r^2$>0.996) in a relatively wide concentration ranges. The R.S.D. for intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 7.3% and the limits of detection (LOD) were less than 55.7 ng. The mean recovery of each compound was $102.3{\sim}111.1%$ with R.S.D. values less than 4.6%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of contents of paeoniflorin and glycyrrhizin in three commercial products of SYS. These results suggest that the developed HPLC method is simple, effective and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for commercial SYS products.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2020

기후변화에 대비하여 고온성 양송이 백색 품종을 육성한 결과는 다음과 같다. 모본은 KMCC00540, KMCC00591, KMCC00643을 선발하였고, ISSR과 SSR마커로 각각 동핵균주를 선발하여 교잡하였다. 선발 교잡주를 고온 20~25℃, 습도 80% 이상에서 3반복으로 재배하여 농업적 형질과 자실체 특성의 변이가 가장 적은 것은 Abs4-2016-121 계통이었다. 이 계통은 KMCC00000와 KMCC0000를 교잡한 계통이며, 경주와 부여 농가에서 현장실증시험결과 Abs4-2016-121 계통이 자실체 경도가 높으며 고온에서 갓개열이 지연되어 고온성 품종 '하담'으로 육성하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2011

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer consisting of disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It has a great potential and success in cosmetic and biomedical applications. However, native HA is highly soluble and easily metabolized by enzymes such as hyaluronidase. Thus, various studies have been reported on modifying the physicochemical properties of HA, while maintaining its biocompatibility. For controlled drug delivery, many trials for fabricating HA microspheres were achieved under chemical reaction. The HA microspheres fabricated to improve the physical stability of HA using adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) by cross-linking reaction has been reported earlier, however it lacks the desired physical stability and rapidly decomposes by swelling or enzymes. Therefore, we prepared double cross-linked HA microspheres (DC-HA microspheres) and alginate containing HA microspheres (AC-HA microspheres) to enhance its physicochemical properties. DC-HA microspheres were prepared using trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) under crosslinking reaction after ADH cross-linking reaction. AC-HA microspheres were prepared by adding alginate as a networking polymer. These microspheres were characterized by morphology, particle size, zeta potential, stability against hyaluronidase. Results showed that the DC-HA and AC-HA microspheres are more stable than that of HA microspheres.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.272-279
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• 2017

EP was obtained through 20% ethanol extraction of Pueraria lobata root, and the fermented form of EP, FEP, was prepared from the EP after incubating with Lactobacillus rhamnosus vitaP1. There was no significant toxicity by EP and FEP up to $1000{\mu}g/ml$ in NIH-3T3, HaCaT, and B16F10 cells. In addition to antioxidant potentials of EP and FEP determined by DPPH and ABST assays, we confirmed increase of procollagen type I and elastin synthesis by supplementation of the EP and FEP at the concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ using ELISA kits. The protein expression levels of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, -3, and -9, those are involved in the degradation of collagen or other skin matrix proteins, were remarkably suppressed while their inhibitory protein metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) was greatly up-regulated by supplementation of the EP and FEP at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. Taken together, both EP and FEP supplementation could be involved in the suppression of the skin wrinkle formation through inhibiting degradation of collagen and stimulating the synthesis of collagen and elastin. The results showed that the anti-wrinkle potential of the EP and FEP will be a promising candidate for developing cosmeceutical compounds or products.