• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2003

A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric assay method was developed for the simultaneous determination of neutral and bacis twenty-five disruptors $(ED_S)$ in frog and fish. Afther homogenization and sonication of 5 g of sample, purification was achieves in one step with a solid phase extraction procedure using silica gelflorisl. Eluton was performed with 50mL of acetone : n-hexane (1 : 9) solution. The eluate was concentrated to approximately 10uL and dissolves with 100 uL of hexane and analyzed by GC-MS (SIM). The peaks had good chromatographic properties and the extraction of these compounds from sample also gave relatively high recoveries with small variatoins. Detection limits were 0.1 ng/g for 4-nitrotoluene, benzophenone, hexachlorobenzene, atrazine, malathion, o,p-DDT, o,p-DDT and permethrin, and 0.2 ng/g for heptachlor epoxide, γ-chlordane, α-chlordane, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, and 0.3 ng/g for trifluralin, metribuzin, alachlor, dieldrin and p,p'-DDT, and 0.5 ng/g for heptachlor, aldrin and parathion, and 0.7 ng/g for endrin, and 0.8 ng/g for nitrofen. The recoveries were between 33 and 109%. The method was used to analyze twenty-five frogs and forty-six fishes fishes samples caught from various regions in Korea. Benzophenone was detected at concentration of up to 17.2 ng/g in frog or fish. Heptachlor, aldrin, γ-chlordane, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, endrin and o,p-DDD were detected at concentrations of 0.7-12.5 ng/g in frog or fish. Also significant leveles of dieldrin (up to 22.5 ng/g) were observed. The developed method may be valuable to be used to the national monitoring project of EDS in biota samples.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The analysis for the concentration and enantiomeric ratio of OCPs have been performed to confirm the distribution and to emonstrate the pollution characteristics of chiral OCPs in ambient air. METHODS AND RESULTS: In ambient air at coastal and inland sites, concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of heptachlor (HEPT), eptachlor epoxide (HEPX), trans-chlordane (TC), cis-chlordane (CC), xychlordane (OXY), 2,4'-DDT, 2,4'-DDD with HRGC/HRMS were investigated to understand source and distribution of chiral organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in ambient air. The mean concentrations of OCPs in ambient air were at the range of 0.027(heptachlor)~1.279 (4,4'-DDT) pg/m3 and 0.0005 (heptachlor)~0.1043 ng/g d.w. (TC), respectively. The mean EFs of OCPs in ambient air were at the range of 0.73 (HEPX)~0.45 (CC). Both preferential depletions of (+) and (-) enantiomer were observed for CC, indicated by EFs either <0.5 or >0.5, while preferential depletions of (-) enantiomer which mean EFs <0.5 were observed for chiral OCPs except TC and MC-5. CONCLUSION: OCPs in ambient air have been distributed from soil, but some of them such as chlordane, DDT etc. might have been introduced by long-range atmospheric transport, considering EFs by chiral analysis and trajectory analysis.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2008

This study was performed to find the atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at four different heights (l0, 50, 150 and 1,500 cm) using low volume polyurethane foam (PUF) plug air sampler in semi-rural area. ${\alpha}-/{\beta}-/{\gamma}-HCH$ with low molecular weights and Koa (octanol-air partitioning coefficient) in OCPs were similarly high concentrations at all heights, but the other OCPs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, Heptachlor epoxide, ${\gamma}$-CHL, ${\alpha}$-CHL, Trans-nonachlor) with high molecular weights and Koa decreased with increasing heights. However, the concentrations of PCBs increased with increasing height.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 1982

The use pattern and survey data on the residue levels of organochlorine insecticides in Korea were summarized. On the basis of available data on food consumption and residue levels, the daily intake of the pesticide chemicals by average Korean adults were calculated to give $13.77\;{\mu}g$ of total BHC, $2.45\;{\mu}g$ of total DDT and $4.06\;{\mu}g$ of heptachlor and its epoxide. These intake levels were compared with the acceptable daily intake proposed by FAO/WHO and values obtained in other countries. It was then proposed to undertake a total diet study on pesticide chemicals for the sake of food safety assurrance and reasonable regulation of pesticides for food production in this country.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1997년도 제5회 하계 Workshop (97 한,카 국제공동 Workshop, 고도 수처리를 위한 막분리 공정)
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• pp.1-20
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• 1997

The present standard of drinking water quality is not reached to the guidelines of WHO and US EPA recommended. The appraisal of safety is not appropriate by the results of intermittent and limitted analysis. 45 items of drinking water quality are regulated in the Korean standard and 9 items for inspection designated by Seoul City. This report is the results of analysis of the water quality in the water stations of Seoul which are concerned with the items of Korean water quality standard and the priolity pollutnats recommended by WHO. In the results, 45 items of water quality, and the priolity pollutants were not exceeded to the standard and criteria, while DDT, heptachlor-epoxide, THMs, benzo(a)pyrene, Ba, Al, Gross beta, $^{226}$Ra, $^{90}$Sr were detected, the levels were not exceeded to the WHO guidelines. In ordes to evalute the safety of drinking water quality, besides of the existed items of standard, new hazardouse pollutants should be considered monitored continenously. For the regulation of hazardous pollutants, it may be introduced from the risk assessment. According to the relevant assessment, the acceptable risk of pollutants estimated could be applied to set the water quality standard or recommendations or quidelines as well as the number of monitoring.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1982

광주근교 경작지 토양 53점의 유기염소계 살충제 8종의 잔류분을 분석(分析)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) Dieldrin을 제외한 7종(種)의 유기염소계 살충제(有機鹽素系 殺蟲劑)의 잔류분(殘留分)이 60% 이상(以上)의 시료(試料)에서 검출(檢出)되었다. 특히 ${\alpha}-BHC$는 거의 모든 시료(試料)에서 검출(檢出)되었으며 p,p'-DDT의 잔류수준이 가장 높았다. 2) 논 토양보다는 밭 토양에서 높은 오염률(汚染率)과 높은 잔류수준(殘留水準)을 보였다. 3) 경지정리답과 미정리답의 유기염소계 살충제의 잔류수준은 차이가 거의 없었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.73-77
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• 1983

토양중(土壤中)에서 유기염소계(有機鹽素系) 살충제(殺蟲劑) 잔유분(殘留分) 분석(分析)을 위(爲)한 보다 단순(單純)하고 효률적(效率的)인 방법(方法)의 하나로 수증기증류법(水蒸氣蒸溜法)을 이용(利用)한 추출과정(抽出科程)을 도입(導入)하여 용매추출법(溶媒抽出法)과 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하였다. 공시(供試)한 8종(種)의 농약(農藥)가운데 ${\alpha}-BHC$와 heptachlor epoxide의 회수률(回收率)은 수증기 증류법으로 각각 47, 45%였으나 나머지 6종의 회수율은 평균(平均) 88%로 종래의 용매추출법(溶媒抽出法)의 회수율(回收率) 86%와 대등(對等)하였다. 경작지(耕作地) 토양(土壤) 15점(點)의 분석결과(分析結果)도 기존(旣存)의 용매추출법(溶媒抽出法)으로 추출(抽出)하여 정량(定量)한 값과 일치(一致)하였다. 본방법(本方法)은 조작(操作)이 단순(單純)하고 용매(溶媒)가 절약(節約)되며 경우에 따라서는 정제과정(精製過程)을 생략(省略)할 수 있는 잇점이 있었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-128
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• 1991

전북연안의 백합양식장 회복여부를 진단하기 위하여 부안군해역의 장신리와 대항리 백합 양식장을 대상으로 1987년 4월 부터 11월까지 어장환경조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 두 양식장의 해수수온 변화는 $10.7{\~}27.4^{\circ}C$, pH는 $7.6{\~}8.2$, 염분은 강우기를 제외하고는 $22.3{\~}30.3^\%_{\circ}$ COD는 $0.20{\~}4.71\;mg/{\ell}$, 황화물은 $0.04{\~}0.22\;{\mu}g-at./{\ell}$, 부유성고형물질은 $34.8{\~}199.3mg/{\ell}$, 엽록소 a 함량은 $3.71{\~}49.02mg/m^3$, TIN은 $2.01{\~}24.47\;{\mg}g-at./{\ell}$, 인산은 $0.60{\~}11.03\;{\mu}g-at./{\ell}$, 규산은 $4.40{\~}476.36\;{\mu}g-at./{\ell}$범위로 변동하였다. 간석지의 수온은 $14.2{\~}29.7^{\circ}C$ 범위였고, pH는 $8.3{\~}9.5$, 함수량은 $0.28{\~}0.49\;mg/g$ 건이, COD는 $2.80{\~}50.94\;mg/g$ 건이, 유기물총량은 $1.05{\~}1.97\%$, 총질소함량은 $31.9{\~}194.9\;{mu}g/g$ 건이, 황화물양은 $0.032{\~}0.133$ 건이 범위를 나타내었다. 저질의 입도분석 결과는 입경 $0.35{\~}0.074$ mm의 가는 모래가 $92{\~}95\%$로서 대부분을 차지하였고 $2.8{\~}8.1\%$가 점토질로 구성되어 있었다. 두 양식장에서 산출된 백합을 대상으로 잔류농약성분을 분석한 바 ${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\gamma}$-BHC, heptachlor, heptachlor-epoxide, aldrin, DDE, DDT 및 dieldrin등이 검출되었으며, 특히 강우기에 많은 종류가 검출되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2007

This study was performed to estimate the gas-particle partitioning of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in atmosphere, the samples were collected by PUF high volume air sampler for two years from June, 2000 to June, 2002. The gas phase fraction of ${\alpha/\gamma}-HCH$, heptachlor epoxide, ${\alpha/\gamma}-chlordane$ and trans-nonachlor was over 90%. But the gas phase fraction of ${\beta}-HCH$, p,p'-DDE, endosulfan sulfate, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT was range of 20% through 80%, which means the gas phase fraction of OCPs components described above is sensitive to temperature. The correlation between the gas phase fraction and molecular weight of each OCPs component was not found in this research. The slope of regression line between gas-particle partitioning coefficient(${\log}K_p$) and subcooled liquid vapor(${\log}{P^o}_L$), gal-particle partitioning coefficient(${\log}K_p$) and octanol-air partitioning coefficient(${\log}K_{oa}$) which show -0.54 and 0.43 was not steep. So the equilibrium state between gas and particle was not reached and in this state the particulate fraction was low.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제22권2호통권57호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2007

This study was performed to measure gaseous Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs : heptachlor epoxide, ${\alpha}/{\gamma}-chlordane$, trans-nonachlor, endosulfan, ${\gamma}-HCH$ and p, p'-DDE) concentration using PUF high volume sampler from June, 2000 to June, 2002 in the semi-rural atmosphere. Using monitoring data for two years, we tried to investigate the annual cycles of gaseous OCPs. We considered three functions to describe the annual cycle: Gaussian, Lorentzian and sinusoidal functions. These functions accounted for $54{\sim}91%$ of the variability in concentration for each gaseous OCPs, and the sinusoidal function gave the best fits. It was seen that the gaseous OCPs concentration increased during the warmer weather while decreased during colder weather. The variation of the gaseous OCPs concentration was closely similar to the variations of ambient temperature. The annual cycle of endosulfan was strongly higher than in comparison with other gaseous OCPs, while for ${\gamma}-HCH$, the cycle was weakly high and did not show apparent seasonal variation. The position of the annual maximum exists generally late July to early August. The period that showed levels more than a half maximum was from late June to early September.