• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2000

We hypothesized that the extent of hypoxic injury would be involved in reduction of oxygen delivery to the tissue. Livers isolated from 18 hr-fasted rats were subjected to $N_2$-induced hypoxia or low flow hypoxia. Livers were perfused with nitrogen/carbon dioxide gas for 45min or perfused with normoxic Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (KHBB) at low flow rates around 1 ml/g liver/min far 45min, which caused cells to become hypoxic because of insufficient delivery of oxygen. When normal flow rates(4 ml/g liver/min) of KHBB (pH 7.4, 37$^{\circ}C$, oxygen/carbon dioxide gas) were restored for 30min reoxygenation injury occurred. Lactate dehydrogenase release gradually increased in $N_2$-induced hypoxia, whereas it rapidly increased in low flow hypoxia. Total glutathione in liver tissue was not changed but oxidized glutathione markedly increased after hypoxia and reoxygenation, expecially in $N_2$-induced hypoxia. Similarly, lipid peroxidation in liver tissue significantly increased after hypoxia and reoxygenation in low flow hypoxia. Hepatic drug metabolizing functions (phase I, II) were suppressed during hypoxia, especially in $N_2$-induced hypoxia but improved by reoxygenation in both models. Our findings suggest that hypoxia results in abnormalities in drug metabolizing function caused by oxidative stress and that this injury is dependent on hypoxic conditions.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Woogyuyem on serum reaction and hepatic tissue in Cyclosporin A treated rats. In this study, the experimental rats divided two group(Control group and Sample group). Under the same condition, both control group and sample group were injected to abdomen with Cyclosporin A for 7days. And then, control group were administered water, sample group were administered Woogy-uyeum for 300days. The change of transaminase and bile acid and SOD activity in blood serum, hepatic tissue were measured at 3rd, 7th, 15th, 30th day. The obtained results are summarised as follows : 1. In the change of SGOT contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased at 7th and 15th day. 2. In the. change of SGPT contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased at 15th day. 3. In the change of serum bile acid contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased at 7th and 15th day. 4. In the change of serum SOD activity, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly increased at 15th and 30th day. 5. In the change of hepatic tissue, as compared with control group, the vacuolation of hepatocytes in the sample group was reduced, the liver plates were reconstructed, and the epitheriai cell wasn't destructed.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2015

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang on the lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities of liver tissue in growing male rats fed cholesterol. Twenty seven rats were divided into three treatment groups (Control, Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang) and were given experimental diets with 1% cholesterol for 9 weeks. All rats in this study were fed a casein-based diet. Chunggukjang groups were fed diet containing 33.1% Chunggukjang powder. The Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups showed significantly lower weight gain, food efficiency ratio than the control group regardless of Chunggukjang type. Serum total cholesterol was significantly lower in the Chunggukjang group than in the control group, whereas serum triglyceride and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the Greentea-Chunggukjang group than in the control group. Hepatic triglyceride contents was not significantly different among the diets. However, hepatic cholesterol content was significantly lower in the Greentea-Chunggukjang group than in the control group. Lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents was significantly lower in the Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups than in the control group. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in liver tissue of the Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang groups were not significantly different. It can be concluded that Chunggukjang and Greentea-Chunggukjang influence lipid profile and hepatic malondialdehyde contents in growing male rats fed cholesterol.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dried Momordica charantia aqueous extracts (MCA) and ethanol extracts (MCE) on obesity and lipid profiles in mice fed a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: Forty two ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. The normal group was fed a basal diet, and other groups were fed a 45% high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks. The normal and HFD groups were also orally administered distilled water each day for 7 weeks. The remaining groups received Momordica charantia extract (0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day MCA, and 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day MCE). In order to measure the anti-obesity and lipid profile improvement effects, body and visceral tissue weight, lipid profiles, plasma insulin levels, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. RESULTS: Both MCA and MCE significantly decreased body and visceral tissue weight relative to those of the HFD group (P < 0.05). Additionally high doses of MCE and MCA significantly reduced the plasmatic insulin levels compared to the HFD groups (P < 0.05) to concentrations comparable to those found in the normal group. MCA and MCE supplementation also significantly modulated the lipid profiles in plasma, liver, and feces compared to mice fed the HFD (P < 0.05). Furthermore MCA and MCE significantly increased hepatic SOD activity, and reduced MDA generation in the liver of the HFD mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results from the present study suggest that Momordica charantia extracts have anti-obesity effects and the ability to modulate lipid prolife of mice fed a HFD by suppressing body weight gain, visceral tissue weight, plasma and hepatic lipid concentrations, and lipid peroxidation along with increasing lipid metabolism.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Chaenomelis Fructus (CF) water extract on thioacetamide (TAA)-treated rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: one normal group (n=8) and four with TAA-induced hepatic injury. These treatment groups were administered distilled water (n=8); silymarin 100 mg/kg (n=8); CF 100 mg/kg (n=8); and CF 200 mg/kg (n=8). In the TAA groups, the acute liver injury was induced via IP injection (200 mg/kg), and the silymarin and CF extract were then orally administered for three days. Subsequently, serum levels of GOT, GPT, and ammonia were confirmed as well as protein expressions using liver tissue. Results: In the liver injury-induced rats, CF administration reduced tissue damage and serum levels of GOT, GPT, and ammonia. In addition, CF increased the anti-oxidant proteins Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and catalase and significantly regulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). Conclusions: In this animal model of liver injury induced by TAA, CF extract is determined to have a hepatoprotective effect by increasing anti-oxidant proteins that relieve damage and by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.853-863
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• 2005

Object : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba(ACH) on cultured rat hepatic stellate cells. Methods : Hepatic Stellate Cells were obtained from a 350gm Sprague-Dawley rat by tissue perfusion system, and the cells for the study were selected after 3 passages of culture on non-coated plastic culture dishes which enable the cells to activate, thus producing collagens in the cell media. Cells were treated with various concentrations of Artemisia Capillaris Herba(ACH) extract powder for 24 or 48 hours. After the treatment, Soluble collagen, procollagen levels and the mRNA of the procollagen type I C were measured by using assay kit and RT-PCR method. Results : Procollagen production by the hepatic stellate cells decreased after the treatment in a time-dependent dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression decreased consistently with the volume of the secreted procollagen which indicates the herb hat inhibitory effect on fibrogenesis of the liver by regulating one of the fibrosis associated genes in transcription. Conclusion : These results suggest that ACH is beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as for the patients with chronic hepatitis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.369-374
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• 2010

Grape is one of the most popular and widely cultivated fruits in the world. Although grape skin and seeds are waste product of the winery and grape juice industry, these wastes contain large amounts of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and anthocyanidins, which play an important role as chemopreventive and anticancer agents. We evaluated efficacies of grape skin and seeds on hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats. Treatment with DMN significantly increased levels of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Diet supplementation with grape skin or seeds (10% daily for 4 weeks) prevented these elevations. The grape skin and seeds also restored serum albumin and total protein levels, and reduced the hepatic level of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde. Furthermore, grape skin and seeds reduced DMN-induced collagen accumulation, as estimated by histological analysis of liver tissue stained with Sirius red. Grape skin and seeds also reduced hepatic stellate cell activation, as assessed by ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin staining. In conclusion, grape skin and seeds exhibited in vivo hepatoprotective and antifibrogenic effects against DMN-induced liver injury, suggesting that grape skin and seeds may be useful in preventing the development of hepatic fibrosis.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제5권
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• pp.167-186
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• 1996

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the MeoH extract of Ikhwangsan against galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. In the experiments, after treated with Ikhwangsan methanol extract to the rats for 15days and then induced hepatotoxicity with galactosamine for 2days. Then content of glutathione, level of lipid peroxide and activity of GOT GPT in the hepatic tissue, activity of GOT GPT ${\gamma}$-GTP ALP and ratio albumin/globulin in serum were measured. The results were obtained as followed : 1. The content of hepatic glutathione was significantly reduced by galactosamine. The test group which have been pre-treated by Ikhwangsan was confirmed considerably increased. 2. The level of hepatic lipid peroxide was increased by galactosamine. The test group which have been pre-treated by Ikhwangsan was confirmed considerably reduced. 3. The activity of GOT GPT in the hepatic tissue was significantly constrained by galactisamine. The test group which have been pre-treated by Ikhwangsan was confirmed considerably increased. 4. The activity of GOT GPT in serum was increased by galactosamine. The test group which have been pre-treated by Ikhwangsan was confirmed considerably reduced. 5. The activity of ${\gamma}$-GTP in serum was increased by galactosamine. The test group which have been pre-treated by Ikhwangsan was reduced. 6. The activity of ALP in serum was increased by galactosamine. The test group which have been pre-treated by Ikhwangsan was confirmed considerably reduced. 7. The ratio albumin/globulin in serum was reduced by galactosamine. The test group which have been pre-treated by Ikhwangsan was increased.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

본 연구는 섬유화 된 간조직의 조직학적 변화를 알아보고 알파토코페롤에 대한 영향을 보고자 실시 하였다. 실험군은 3군으로 나누어 사염화탄소로 섬유화 유발한 실험군과 알파토코페롤과 사염화탄소를 같이 투여한 실험군 그리고 정상군으로 나누어 실험하였다. 검사 결과는 알파토코페롤 투여군에서는 사염화탄소만 투여 했던 실험군에 비하여 간 조직의 경화와 관련된 섬유화 반응이 약한 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 섬유화 된 간조직에서 ALT, AST, ALP등의 증가와 헤마톡실린 에오진 염색과 마손 삼색 염색을 통한 아교 섬유의 증식을 관찰 할 수 있었으며 알파토코페롤의 섭취에 따른 융합 항산화 작용을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통하여 간 질환진단의 임상적 의의와 보조 치료제로서의 알파토코페롤의 활용을 기대 할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.525-533
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• 1998

The covalent interactions of toluenediisocyanate (TDI) with macromolecules were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro incubations of 2,4- and 2,6-TDI with DNA or proteins resulted in dose-dependent formation of TDI-protein and TDI-DNA adducts. TDI-treated DNA was highly resistant to enzymatic digestion and thermal hydrolysis, but was readily hydrolyzed under acidic conditions by releasing its corresponding toluenediamine (TDA), suggesting that TDI caused the crosslinking of DNA. Reaction of TDI with albumin and globin resulted in the formation of several adducts, and some adducts were formed in blood of TDI-treated rats in a dose-dependent fashion. Administration of TDI to rats resulted also in a dose-dependent binding of TDI to hepatic tissue. Levels of TDI-albumin adducts were 10 times higher than those of TDI-globin adducts; the biological half lives of TDI-albumin and TDI-globin adducts were 1.2 and 12.5 days, respectively. Globin adducts were detected up to 28 days after the treatment. Hepatic TDI protein adducts were persistent for a substantial period whereas the levels of hepatic TDI-DNA adduct were decreased rapidly. These results indicate that the isocyanato group of TDI is not readily hydrolyzed under physiological conditions, is transported to other organs, and is bound to DNA and/or proteins without further metabolic activation. As the adducted products degrade in the body, TDA is released and introduced to the liver. TDA may additionally bind to hepatic tissue after metabolic activation. Thus, the toxic effect of TDI exposure is considered to persist during the lifetime of the adducted biological macromolecules.