• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1990

To investigate effects of ethanol and dietary fat on growth and bichemical indices of liver tissue and blood in rats 40 male rats of Sprague-Dawley wtrain weighing about 160g were divided into 5 groups (low-fat diet group ethanol-administered low-fat diet group high-fat diet group ethanol-administered high-fat diet group and commercial diet group) and fed expe-rimental diets for 8 weeks. Ethanol-administered groups consumed ethanol corresponding to 22 cal% which was considered as moderate drinking. Neither the ethanol intake nor the dietary fat level affected calorie intake. Nonetheless the low-fat diet group with ethanol had the lowest growth rate and 2-fold increase in the concentration of plasma triglyceride. There was no effect of ethanol and dietary fat level on contents of protein lipid and lipid composition of liver tissue. The level of lipid peroxide of liver tissue tended to be increased by ethanol intake but the increase was statistically insignificatnt. The low-fat ethanol group had lowered hepatic mitochondrial respiration rate and deformed structure of mitochondria of hepatocytes.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.811-821
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• 2006

Objectives : Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many methods have been tried to regulate oxygen free radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Because Mori foliumhas been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes, the methanol extract of Mori folium was tested for its effectiveness in reducing the oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin. Methods : The crushed Mori folium was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ or 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 11.7 g. Mori folium extract was oral-administered to diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin at 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days. The efficacy of the Mori foliumextract was examined with regard to the enzymatic pathways involved in oxygen free radical production and glutathione balance. Results : The effects of the Mori foliumin streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose and insulin level, hepatic lipid peroxide level, hepatic glutathione level, hepatic glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase level, hepatic aldose reductase activity, and hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were shown to be good enough to cure and prevent diabetes and its complications. Conclusions : These results indicated that Mori folium might reduce oxidative stress in tissues and organs by regulating the production of oxygen free radicals. Especially Mori folium might prevent and cure diabetes and its complications by reducing oxidative stress in the ${\beta}-cells$ of the pancreas.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2001

To evaluate an effect of circadian variation on the xylene metabolizing enzyme activities, 50% m-xylene in olive oil(0.25 $m\ell$/100g body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Then animals were sacrigiced at 8hr after last injection of m-xylene. Hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 contents were more increased both in control and xylene treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. But the activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) in control of night phase showed the similar value with that in those of day phase and xylene treated rats of day phase showed an increasing tendency of hepatic ADH activity as those of night phase showing similar activity. Furthermore, control rats of night phase than those of day phase. And by xylene treatment, enzyme activities of rats of day phase were higher tendency in rats of control but those of night phase were somewhat inhibited. Besides, xylene-treated animals of night phase showed increasing tendency of urinary methylhippuric acid concentration compared with those of day phase. On the other hand, liver weight per body weight(%), hepatic lipid peroxide content and serum xanthine oxidase activity were higher in night phase. And the activities of hepatic oxygen free radical metabolizing enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, gluthathione S-transferase, and xylene-treated rats of night phase than those of day phase. In conclusion, it can be hypothesized on the basis of the results that the accumulation rate of m-xylene intermediate metabolite, i.e. m-methylbenzaldehyde in liver tissus may be higher in night phase than in day phase and it may be responsible for higher liver toxicity in bight phase than in day phase.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.60-60
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• 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the common diseases with 25% of prevalence globally, but there is no thera-peutic access available. Amomum villosum var. xanthioides (Wall. ex Baker) T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen (AX), which is a medicinal herb and traditionally used for treating digestive tract disorders in Asia countries. We aimed to examine pharmacological effects of ethyl acetate fraction of AX (AXEF) against ER stress-induced NASH mice model using C57/BL6J male mice by tunicamycin (TM, 2 mg/kg) injection focusing on the oxidative stress. Mice were orally administrated AXEF (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg), silymarin (50 mg/kg) or distilled water daily for 5 days, and outcomes for fatty liver, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured in serum or liver tissue levels. AXEF drastically attenuated hepatic ER stress-induced NASH which were evidenced by decreases of li-pid droplet accumulations, serum liver enzymes, hepatic inflammations, and cell death signals in the hepatic tissue or serum levels. Interestingly, AXEF showed potent antioxidant effects by quenching of reactive oxidative stress and its final product of lipid peroxide in the hepatic tissue, specifically increase of metallothionein (MT). To confirm underlying actions of AXEF, we ob-served that AXEF increase MT1gene promoter activities in the physiological levels. Collectively, AXEF showed antioxidant properties on TM-induced ER stress of NASH by enhancement of MTs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.484-489
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• 1992

Adriamycin(ADR)에 의해 유도된 지질과산화로 인한 세포손상에 대한 vitamin E 및 coenzyme $Q_{10}$의 효과를 검토하기 위하여 이유한 sprague-Dawley 흰쥐를 4군(대조군, coenzyme $Q_{10}$과 vitamin E 무첨가군, coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 급여군, vitamin E 급여군)으로 나누어 6주간 사육하였다. 대조군을 제외한 모든 실험군에게 매주 1회씩 일정시각에 ADR(2mg/kg)을 복강주사하였다. 혈장에서의 지질과산화물 함량, 간 cytosol의 지질과산화물 대사 효소활성도, 간 미토콘드리아의 지방산 조성과 간 지질함량을 측정하였다. 혈장에서의 지질과산화물 함량은 대조군에 비해서 모든 처리군에서 증가되었으나 vitamin E와 coenzyme $Q_{10}$의 급여로 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. Catalase와 GSH-Px 활성도는 ADR투여로 크게 변화되지 않았으나 coenzyme $Q_{10}$의 급여로 활성이 유으적으로 증가되었다. SOD 활성도는 ADR 투여로 유의적인 감소를 나타내었으며 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 공급만이 그 활성도를 크게 유도하였다. 간 지질함량의 변화는 ADR 투여로 대조군에 비해 cholesterol과 phospholipid 양이 증가되었고, cholesterol함량에 있어서는 coenzyme $Q_{10}$ 급여로 억제효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1179-1185
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• 2000

멸치액젓의 용매분획을 $50^{\circ}C$에서 10일동안 항온실험한 경우 각 용매분획의 건조중량 10 ${\mu}g$ 또는 20 ${\mu}g$이 5 mg의 linoleic acid의 자동산화를 저해하는 것으로 나타났으며, 용매분획 중 부탄올분획 및 수용액분획이 염분을 함유하고 있었고 염분의 함량은 각각 12.2% 및 21.1%이었다. 흰쥐에게 간장독성을 유발시킨다고 알려진 bromobenzene을 주사하고 간조직을 분리하여 in vitro에서 멸치액젓이 간균질액의 지질과산화물 생성에 미치는 효과를 관찰한 결과, 모든 용매분획들이 3 mg/mL 또는 1 mg/mL 농도에서 지질과산화물 생성을 강하게 감소시켰으며 수용액분획의 경우 0.3 mg/mL 농도에서도 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 간조직의 지질과산화반응에 관여하는 것으로 알려진 효소들 중 aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, xanthine oxidase 및 aldehyde oxidase 활성에 대한 멸치액젓의 효과를 관찰한 결과, 간세포 마이크로솜 분획에 존재하는 aniline hydroxylase 및 aminopyrine N-demethylase의 활성을 모든 용매분획이 저해하였다. 즉, 3 mg/mL 농도에서는 거의 정상쥐의 효소활성 수준까지 회복시켰고, 0.3 mg/mL의 농도에서도 유의적인 효과가 나타났으나 세포질 효소인 xanthine oxidase 및 aldehyde oxidase의 활성에 대하여는 저해효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과로부터, bromobenzene-유도 간지질의 과산화물 생성과정에 있어서 멸치액젓의 항산화물질들은 free radical을 포획하여 지질과산화물 생성을 억제하는 것이 아니라 epoxide생성단계를 저해하여 과산화지질 생성을 억제하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Inflammation is associated with various types of acute and chronic alcohol liver diseases. In this study, we examined whether umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin, UF) ameliorates chronic alcohol-induced liver damage by modulating inflammatory response and the antioxidant system. METHODS: Rats were fed a Liber-Decarli liquid diet containing 5% alcohol with or without UF (0.05 g/L) for 8 weeks, while normal rats received an isocaloric carbohydrate liquid diet. RESULTS: Chronic alcohol intake significantly increased serum tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin 6 levels and decreased interleukin 10 level; however, UF supplementation reversed the cytokines related to liver damage. UF significantly suppressed hepatic lipopolysaccharide binding protein, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B, and TNF-${\alpha}$ gene expression increases in response to chronic alcohol intake. Masson's trichrome staining revealed that UF improved mild hepatic fibrosis caused by alcohol, and UF also significantly increased the mRNA expressions and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver, and thus, decreased lipid peroxide and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that UF protects against alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway and activating the antioxidant system.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권4호통권139호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2004

This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Glechoma hederacea LINNAEUS in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The methanol extract of Glechoma hederacea was orally administrated once a day for 6 days. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol and Atherogenic Index (Al) were significantly decreased, but high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (HTR) were significantly increased in Glechoma hederacea treated STZ-sample group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic lipid peroxide and activity of catalase were decreased, but content of glutathione as well as activities of glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase were increased in Glechoma hederacea treated STZ-sample group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase were significantly increased, but activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was decreased in Glechoma hederacea treated STZ-sample group compared to the those of STZ-control group. These results indicated that methanol extract of Glechoma hederacea would have antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.6.1-6.7
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• 2015

Objectives This study aimed to estimate the effects of 4-nonylphenol (NP), a ubiquitously present surfactant in aquatic environments, on the anti-oxidant systems of the liver in the Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus. Methods Changes in biochemical parameters involved in glutathione (GSH)-related and other anti-oxidant systems were analyzed following 4 weeks of 4-NP administration (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg diet) via a formulated diet to catfish. Results 4-NP exposure induced an elevation in hepatic lipid peroxide levels and an accompanying decrease in reduced state GSH after 2 weeks, suggesting pro-oxidant effects of the chemical in catfish. This oxidative stress was associated with an inhibition of the GSH-utilizing enzyme glutathione peroxidase at the same time point. This inhibition was restored after 4 weeks. The activities of other anti-oxidant enzymes, i.e., glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased after 4 weeks. These enzyme increases occurred more strongly at the higher 4-NP concentration (1.0 mg/kg diet). Conclusions 4-NP given to catfish at 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg diet, concentrations relevant to environmental levels, depletes the endogenous anti-oxidant molecule GSH and temporarily inhibits GSH-related anti-oxidant enzymes. Such declines in anti-oxidant capacity and elevated oxidative stress seem to be compensated eventually by subsequent activation of various anti-oxidant enzyme systems.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2005

The extraction yield of Corni fructus was about 47.5% by extract apparatus. This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidative effects of Corni fructus in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, total cholesterol and hepatic lipid peroxide, glutathione were significantly decreaed (p<0.05) in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, also content of triglyceride (TG), atherogenic index (AI) and activity of catalase were decreased, but not statistically significant. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (HTR) were increased in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreaed (p<0.05) in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6 PDH), glucokin-ase were significantly increased, but activity of glucose-Grphosphatase (G-6 Pase)was decreased in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. Therefore, these results indicated that ethanol extract of Corni fructus would have antidiabetic and antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.