• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.105-109
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• 2003

Fifty four strains of pathogenic vibrios were isolated from the Gwangan Beach from May to October, 2002. The isolated vibrios were composed of 7 different species: Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae non-O1, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. hollisae, V. fluvialis, ane V. mimicus. In the detection rate, V. parahaemolyticus was most predominant as $46\%$(25/54). From the isolated strains, only 25 strains have hemolytic activity or 25 strains only proteolytic activity on agar plates. Eleven strains showed both hemolytic and proteolytic activity. No strains showed urease activity. All strains of V parahaemolyticus did not show hemolytic activity, while V. cholerae non-O1 strains showed $\beta$ hemolytic activity. Kanagawa phenomena of pathogenic vibrios did not accord with hemolytic activity of the culture supernatant at the late log phase. Some strains showed high hemolytic activity despite having proteolytic activity, but some weak hemolytic activities despite having no proteolytic activity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 1974

Hemolytic reaction of normal fresh chicken serum on sheep erythrocytes was studied and the following experimental results were obtained and summarized. 1. Chicken sera, 258 (78%) out of 344 samples showed hemolytic activity on sheep erythrocytes. 2. Distribution of a different hemolytic titer of chicken sera was not dependent to sex and age difference of test chicken. 3. Hemolytic activity of serum component obtained from normal fresh chicken was heat inactivated at $56^{\circ}C$. 30 minutes heating. 4. The most enhanced hemolytic activity of chicken serum on sheep erythrocytes was observed at the incubation temperature of $46^{\circ}C$. 5. The most effective pH for the hemolytic reaction of chicken serum on sheep erythrocytes was observed at 7.0, and pH 6.0 or 8.5 resulted less or no hemolysis. 6. Hemolytic reaction of chicken serum and sheep erythrocytes required Mg⧻ and Ca⧻ ions as, co-factor, and the former was required more compared to the latter. 7. Hemolytic activity of chicken serum was observed in ChC 2, 4 fraction but not in ChC 1, 3, ChC 3, 4, ChC 1, 2, 4 and ChC 1, 2, 3 fractions. 8. In electron micrography, morphological changes of sheep erythrocyte membrane by normal chicken serum was similar to that of immune hemolysis: that was, the hemolytic hole was circular and it was surrounded with a white ring. 9. Electron micrography of morphological changes on sheep erythrocyte membrane indicated that the size of hemolytic hole and white ring were functional to the chicken serum concentration used and reaction time.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 1995

Saponin isolated from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn has been shown to contain a strong anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, several pharmacological properties such as acute toxicity, local irritation and hemolytic activity of Sapindus saponin and its genin component, hederagenirl, were examined. The acute toxicity of Sapindus saponin was very low. Estimated from the LD$_{50}$ values, it showed much weaker toxicity in oral administration than in intraperitoneal injection. Hederagenin gave a very high LD$_{50}$ value even in intraperitoneal injection. Sapindus saponin showed a potent local irritation after topical application, whereas hederagenin did a very weak local irritation. Sapindus saponin also gave a high hemolytic activity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.545-548
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• 1996

CA(1-8)ME(1-12), the CA-ME hybrid peptide of the amino terminal segments of cecropin A (CA) and melittin (ME), has been reported to have a broad spectrum and improved potency without a hemolytic property. In order to obtain new synthetic peptides with powerful antibacterial activity without hemolytic activity, several hybrid peptides were designed from the sequences of CA, ME, magainin 2, bombinin and lactoferricin. All hybrid peptides were constructed to form an amphipathically basic-flexible-hydrophobic structure and synthesized by the solid phase method. Their hemolytic activities against human red blood cells and antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were detennined. CA(1-8)MA(1-12), CA(1-8)BO(1-12), MA(10-17)ME(1-12) and LF(20-29)ME(1-12) showed comparable activities with broad spectra against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria relative to CA(1-8)ME(1-12) but without hemolytic properties. These hybrid peptides, therefore, could be useful as model peptides to design a novel peptide with improved antibacterial activity and study on structure-activity relationships of antimicrobial peptides.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.272-276
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• 2005

Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 was grown in BHIB medium supplemented with $Mn^{2+}$ for 96 h at $37^{\circ}C$ in a shaker incubator. After removing the microbial biomass, a lipopeptide biosurfactant was extracted from the supernatant. Its structure was established by chemical and spectroscopy methods. The structure was confirmed by physical properties, such as Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB), surface activity and erythrocyte hemolytic capacity. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and erythrocyte hemolytic capacity of the biosurfactant were compared to those of surfactants such as SDS, BC (benzalkonium chloride), TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and HTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide). The maximum hemolytic effect for all surfactants mentioned was observed at concentrations above cmc. The maximum hemolytic effect of synthetic surfactants was more than that of the biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Therefore, biosurfactant would be considered a suitable surface-active agent due to low toxicity to the membrane.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2005

Hemolytic property is a specific feature of bacteria to obtain iron which is essential for its survival in host tissues. Therefore, it is thought to be one of several factors of virulence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemolytic properties of Prevotella nigrescens isolated from the teeth diagnosed as pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis under the presence of hemolysin inhibitors such as $NaN_3$ and dithiothreitol. heat, various pH and cultural conditions. The results were as follows; 1. Clinically isolated P. nigrescens strains and standard P. nigrscens ATCC 33563 showed hemolytic activity. 2. P. nigrescens showed higher hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes than sheep or horse erythrocytes. 3. $NaN_3$ and dithiothreitol (DTT) reduced the hemolytic activity of P. nigrescens in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). 4. Optimal pH for the maximum hemolytic activity of P. nigrescens was 4.0 and the hemolysin was stable under the $50^{\circ}C$, but the hemolytic activity was significantly decreased at $95^{\circ}C$. 5. P. nigrescens cultured in $10\%\;CO_2$ condition showed higher hemolytic activity than the bacteria cultured in the anaerobic condition.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.253-256
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• 1997

To elucidate the hemolytic toxicities of Korean basidiomycetes, the cold-water extracts of 46 wild mushrooms were tested for hemolytic activity on mouse erythrocytes. Twelve species including Amanita esculenta, A. griseofarinosa, A. longistriata, A. melleiceps, A. phalloides, A. rubescence, A. spissacea, A. vaginata, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Lepiota cygnea, Macrolepiota procera, and Oudemansiella platyphylla showed strong hemolytic activities. Of these, A. griseofarinosa and H. crustuliniforme showed no decrease in their hemolytic activity even after five minutes' boiling.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.529-533
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• 1996

Melittin (ME) from honeybee venom has a broad range of strong antimicrobial activity, but it has hemolytic activity against eukaryotic cells. In order to design peptides with powerful antifungal activity without cytotoxic property of ME and understand structure-antifungal activity relationships, the hybrid peptides derived from the sequences of ME and cecropin A (CA) or magainin 2 (MA), MA(10-17)ME(1-12) and CA(1-8)ME(1-12). were synthesized by solid phase method. MA(10-17)ME(1-12) showed potent antifungal activity comparable to ME against Fusarium oxysporum with no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. The hybrid peptides showed strong inhibi- tion of (1, 3)-$\beta$-D-glucan synthase. This result indicates that the antifungal activity of the hybrid peptides against Fusarium oxysporum is attributed to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. The results therefore showed a successful design of a peptide having antifungal activity without hemolytic property.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.273-276
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• 1989

The isolate SPO 3, an oligosporogenous and crystalliferous mutant, which was isolated from Bacillus thuringiensig subsp, israelensis by heat treatment at 42$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hit. The $\delta$-endotoxin of the mutant had a relatively low hemolytic activity on human red blood cells; the $\delta$-endotoxin of the mutant had 25 times less hemolytic activity compared to that of wild strain. The loss of 28 KDa hemolytic protein subunit in $\delta$-endotoxin of the mutant was confirmed by means of double immunodiffusiori, immunoelectrophoresis, and SDS-PAGE.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-125
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• 2000

To investigate the hemolytic toxicities of the Korean basidiomycetes, the cold-water extracts of 22 wild mushrooms were tested for their hemolytic activities on the erythrocytes of a mouse and a rat. As a result, three species including Collybia confluence, Laccaria vinaceoavellanea and Lenzites betulina showed strong hemolytic activities. Of these, L. vinaceoavellanea retained more than 80% of its hemolytic activity even after it was boiled for 30 minutes, while the other two were inactivited in five minutes.