• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.607-612
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• 2001

Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) shares with nitric oxide (NO) a role as a putative neural messenger in the brain. Both gases are believed to modulate CNS function via an increase in cytoplasmic cGMP concentrations secondary to the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Recently CO and NO were proposed as a possible mediator of febrile response in hypothalamus. NO has been reported to activate both the constitutive and inducible isoform of the cyclooxygenase (COX). Thus, we investigated whether CO arising from heme catabolism by heme oxygenate (HO) is involved in the febrile response via the activation of COX in the hypothalamus. $PGE_2$ which is a final mediator of febrile response released from primary cultured hypothalamic cells was taken as a marker of COX activity. $PGE_2$ concentration was measured with EIA kits. Exogenous CO (CO-saturated medium) and hemin (a substrate and potent inducer of HO) evoked an increase in $PGE_2$ release from hypothalamic cells, and these effects were blocked by methylene blue (an inhibitor of sGC). And membrane permeable cGMP analogue, dibutyryl-cGMP elicited significant increases in $PGE_2$release. These results suggest that there may be a functional link between HO and COX enzymatic activities. The gaseous product of hemin through the HO pathway, CO, might play a role through the modulation of the COX activity in the hypothalamus.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2022

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a known gaseous bioactive substance found across a wide array of body systems. The administration of low concentrations of CO has been found to exert an anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-hypertensive, and vaso-dilatory effect. To date, however, it has remained unknown whether CO influences atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion. This study explores the effect of CO on ANP secretion and its associated signaling pathway using isolated beating rat atria. Atrial perfusate was collected for 10 min for use as a control, after which high atrial stretch was induced by increasing the height of the outflow catheter. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2; 10, 50, 100 μM) and hemin (HO-1 inducer; 0.1, 1, 50 μM), but not CORM-3 (10, 50, 100 μM), decreased high stretch-induced ANP secretion. However, zinc porphyrin (HO-1 inhibitor) did not affect ANP secretion. The order of potency for the suppression of ANP secretion was found to be hemin > CORM-2 >> CORM-3. The suppression of ANP secretion by CORM-2 was attenuated by pretreatment with 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, paxilline, and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one, but not by diltiazem, wortmannin, LY-294002, or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Hypoxic conditions attenuated the suppressive effect of CORM-2 on ANP secretion. In sum, these results suggest that CORM-2 suppresses ANP secretion via mitochondrial K_ATP channels and large conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.508-511
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• 2022

식물성 육류에서 미각적인 자극을 얻기 위해 사용하는 heme 함유 단백질의 지속적인 생산을 위해 강낭콩 유래 leghemoglobin a (PhLba) 유전자를 pPICZαA에 클로닝하고 Pichia pastoris에서 발현하였다. 재조합 PhLba 단백질은 가용화 형태로 배양 배지속으로 분비되었다. 정제된 PhLba의 분자량은 SDS-PAGE 상에서 16.5 kDa으로 나타났다. 재조합 PhLba holoprotein의 수율은 배양 배지에 hemin을 첨가함으로써 향상되었다. 이것은 PhLba의 apo 형태가 보조인자와 함께 효과적으로 포화된다는 것을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2021

In 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak started in China and spread all over the world. The countries went into lockdown and closed their borders to minimize the spread of the virus. Shortage of testing kits and trained clinicians, motivate researchers and computer scientists to look for ways to automatically diagnose the COVID-19 patient using X-ray and ease the burden on the healthcare system. In recent years, multiple frameworks are presented but most of them are trained on a very small dataset which makes clinicians adamant to use it. In this paper, we have presented a lightweight deep learning base automatic COVID-19 detection system. We trained our model on more than 22,000 dataset X-ray samples. The proposed model achieved an overall accuracy of 96.88% with a sensitivity of 91.55%.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.209-219
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• 2015

치주질환과 관련된 세균인 S. gordonii, F. nucleatum 및 P. gingivalis의 상호작용이 군집 형성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 trypticase soy hemin menadione broth에 단독 및 열처리한 사균과 혼합 분주하여 혐기성 균배양조를 통해 $37^{\circ}C$ $CO_2$ 배양기에서 anearobic gas pack 하에 7일간 배양하였다. 군집 형성 정도를 확인하기 위해 흡광도를 측정하였으며, 군집 구조 및 형태를 확인하기 위해 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. P. gingivalis의 병원성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 real-time RT-PCR를 통해 gingipain인 HRgpA를 생성하는 rgpA 유전자에 대한 발현 분석을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. S. gordonii와 P. gingivalis의 군집 형성은 다른 사균들에 의해 증가하였다. F. nucleatum의 경우 P. gingivalis 사균에 의해 증가하는 양상을 보였으나 S. gordonii 사균에 의해서는 군집 형성이 감소되었다. 따라서 본 실험에 사용된 균주는 군집 형성 시 상호작용 인자뿐 아니라 세균 입자 그 자체 등을 통해서도 서로 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2019

성장하는 증거는 소포체 (ER) 스트레스의 매개 세포 사멸이 알츠하이머병을 포함한 신경 퇴행성 질환의 병리학적 발달에 중요한 역할을 한다. 로디올라 사크라(ERS)의 에탄올 추출물은 ER 스트레스 유도제인 호모시스테인(Hcy)세포 사멸과 ER 스트레스의 신경 neuro -2A 세포를 보호할 수 있는지를 조사한다. 뉴런 세포에서 Hcy는 MTT 분석에 의해 확인된 바와 같이 세포 생존 가능성은 현저히 감소시켰고, Annexin V 양성 세포의 사멸을 유도했다. ERS로 전처리한 Hcy세포 생존력 및 세포 사멸 손실은 약화되었으며, Hcy는 C/EBP 상 동성 단백질과 78-kDa 포도당 조절 단백질의 발현 및 X-box 결합 단백질 -1 (xbp1) mRNA의 접합에 스트레스를 유도했다. ESR은 Hcy에 의해 유도된 xbp-1 mRNA 접합, GRP78 및 CHOP 세포를 감소시켜 Hcy-induced ER 스트레스 및 세포 사멸에 대한 보호를 나타내며, Western blotting 분석에 heme oxygenase-1의 발현 및 HO-1 효소 활성 억제는 hemin에 의한 세포 사멸을 감소시키는 등 신경 퇴행성 질환에 치료적 가치를 보여준다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.977-985
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• 2019

쑥부쟁이는 국화과에 속하는 다년생 식물로서 다양한 질병의 예방 및 치료에 오랫동안 사용되어 왔다. 최근 연구에서 쑥부쟁이 잎 추출물이 항산화 및 항염증 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있지만, 정확한 효능 평가에 관한 연구는 여전히 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 쑥부쟁이 잎 에탄올 추출물(EEAY)의 항산화 효능이 항염증 효능과 연관이 있는지의 여부를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, EEAY는 $H_2O_2$ 처리에 의한 RAW 264.7 세포의 세포 독성을 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 이는 Nrf2 및 HO-1의 발현 증가와 관련이 있음을 보여 주었다. 또한 EEAY는 $H_2O_2$에 의한 apoptosis를 유의적으로 억제하였으며, 이는 caspase-3의 활성 억제에 따른 PARP의 분해 차단과 연관성이 있었다. 그리고 EEAY는 대표적인 항 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-10의 발현 및 생산을 증가시켰으며, 이는 전사 및 번역 수준에서의 TLR-4 및 Myd88 발현 증가와 관련이 있었다. 아울러 EEAY는 LPS에 의한 염증성 매개인자인 NO의 생성 증가를 현저히 억제하였으며, EEAY에 의한 NO 생성의 억제 효과는 HO-1 유도제인 hemin에 의해 더욱 증가되었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 EEAY에 의한 산화적 및 염증성 스트레스에 대한 RAW 264.7 대식세포의 보호 효과에 최소한 Nrf2/HO-1 신호 경로의 활성화가 관여할 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2005

The objective of this work was to investigate the nutritional requirements for the growth of Actinomyces sp. 9RCC5 isolated from the rumen of a native goat in Korea. The growth of strain 9RCC5 on the basal medium or the medium minus certain ingredients from the basal medium demonstrated that strain 9RCC5 showed absolute requirement of vitamin B complex mixture, while hemin and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were stimulatory to growth to some extent. The 9RCC5 strain grew well with casein hydrolysate as the sole added nitrogen source. However, neither a complex of 18 amino acids nor ammonium sulfate effectively replaced casein hydrolysate. Vitamins such as riboflavin and pantothenate were essential for growth, while thiamin and biotin were stimulatory. With regard to VFA, the growth was stimulated by acetic acid but inhibited by valeric acid. Relatively large quantities of $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ were absolutely required for growth. Supplementation of clarified rumen fluid to the basal medium in a range of 0-10% (vol/vol) resulted in an increased rate of growth as well as an increased extent of growth.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2020

In the present study, the effect of basalt, glass, and hybrid glass-basalt fibers on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes have been assessed at room and elevated temperatures. To do so, twelve mix compositions have been prepared such that the proper workability, flowability, and passing ability have been achieved. Besides, to make comparison possible, water to binder ratio and the amount of solid contents were kept constant. Four fiber dosages of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% (by concrete volume) were considered for monotype fiber reinforced mixes, while the total amount of fiber were kept 1% for hybrid fiber reinforced mixes. Three different portions of glass and basalt fiber were considered for hybridization of fibers to show the best cocktail for hybrid basalt-glass fiber. Test results indicated that the fracture energy of mix is highly dependent on both fiber dosage and temperature. Moreover, the hybrid fiber reinforced mixes showed the highest fracture energies in comparison with monotype fiber reinforced specimens with 1% fiber volume fraction. In general, hybridization has played a leading role in the improvement of mechanical properties and fracture behavior of mixes, while compared to monotype fiber reinforced specimens, hybridization has led to lower amounts of compressive strength.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2013

There are estimated to be about 700 species of bacteria in the oral cavity. Based on epidemiological investigations, some of these strains have been proposed as the pathogens responsible for oral diseases such as dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Since electrolyzed hydrogen-rich water has been shown to have beneficial effects on human immunity, its use has increased. In our study, the antibacterial activity of hydrogen-rich water for oralagainst bacteria associated with oral disease was evaluated. The bacterial strains Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were cultured in specific growth medium. S. mutans, F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were soaked to thein both hydrogen water and tap water for 30 sec and then inoculated onto mitis-salivarius agar and brain heart infusion agar including supplemented withvitamin K and hemin, respectively. The numbers of bacterial colonies were then measured after cultivation for 48 hours. In the case of T. forsythia, which does not grow well on agar plates, inoculations into modified new oral spirochete (NOS) broth were performed and growth curve analysis was undertaken every day with a spectrophotometer. Hydrogen water showed antibacterial activity against all four bacterial strains in comparison with tap-water. We conclude from this that hydrogen water may have a positive impact on oral hygiene by helping to remove cariogenic bacteria and periodontopathogens.