• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe and analysis the effectiveness of clinical treatments on the growth of children treated with Korean herbal medicine (KHM). Methods : Forty-two children of growth retardation were evaluated from January 2007 to May 2008. All children were administered KHM with diet and exercise guidance. Height percentile and predictive height were calculated following the General Growth Statistics Result (2007), and compared those of pre-treatment with post-treatment. Results : Thirty-one of them were improved (73.8%) and eleven were not (26.2%). The mean growth rate was 7.2cm/yr for male and 6.8cm/yr for female. The mean growth percentile of male showed 7.6% improvement (p=0.003), female 4.4% respectively (p=0.036). The mean predictive height of male showed 2.2cm improvement (p=0.005), female 1.0cm respectively (p=0.007). Change of growth percentile and height were significantly higher on period of prepuberty, and in small children below 50% of height percentile. About inter-relations between growth improvement and compliance of diet, exercise or medication, meaningful statistics were shown in diet control than the others (p=0.077). Diet compliance was in close connection with exercise, but others were not shown close correlations. Conclusions : These results showed that KHM showed promising results on children growth and healthy diet would be an important factor for growth of children. And it was recommended that KHM should be applied on period of prepuberty and smaller than average height.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.761-772
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• 2007

It has been suggested that vegetables protect the cardiovascular system in part by attenuating blood pressure. The purpose of the present research was to examine blood lipids according to vegetable intakes. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressures, nutrient intakes using the 24-hour recall method, and serum lipids of <50th percentile vegetable intake group (<50th percentile VIG; men=66, women=111) and ${\ge}50th$ percentile vegetable intake group (${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG; men=83, women=94) were estimated. The average age, height, and BMI were 54.7 years, 158.2 cm, 62.2 kg, and $24.9kg/m^2$ for <50th percentile VIG and 53.7 years, 159.6 cm, 63.0 kg, and $24.7kg/m^2$ for ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG, respectively. The daily food intake of the ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG was significantly higher than that of the <50th percentile VIG (p<0.001). Also, daily intakes of cereals (p<0.001), legumes (p<0.05), nuts (p<0.05), vegetables (p<0.001), and fruits (p<0.05) of the ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG were significantly higher than those of the <50th percentile VIG. The daily energy intakes of ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG and <50th percentile VIG were 1342.7 kcal and 1782.0 kcal (p<0.001), and most nutrient intakes of the ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG was significantly higher than that of the <50th percentile VIG. Serum cholesterol of the ${\ge}50th$ percentile VIG were significantly lower than that of the <50th percentile VIG (p<0.01). Also, vegetable intake showed significantly negative correlations with total cholesterol (p<0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05). Based on these results, it should be emphasized that increase of vegetable intake improves the blood lipid profile.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.200-206
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• 2010

Purpose: This study compared the major parent's height and life style between short and tall stature groups of students attending the elementary schools. Methods: Data were collected during the period of 5 to 24, November 2007 at the fifth and sixth grades of the five elementary schools. Two groups were selected on the basis of the guideline titled 'Growth Standard for Infants and Juveniles in 2007': Tall group of 232 students whose height was greater than 75 percentile and short group of 227 students was less than 25 percentile. Results: The average height was 137.9 cm for short group and 155.3 cm for tall group. The results of the logistic analysis implied that parent's height was related with odds ratio equal to 1.141 for father's height and 1.145 for mother height. Analysis of the eating habit, there was no significant difference observed between the two groups. While The two group showed a statistically significant difference in their physical activity. Conclusion: There is the necessity for guidance and health education program about the proper life style.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2018

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the predictive factors and optimal age for response to herbal medicine treatment for height gain in children. Methods: This retrospective chart review included 61 children (age range, 5-16 years) treated for height gain between 2011 and 2015. A predictive model was established by multiple linear regression analysis. Dependent variables were defined by the differences in percentile before and after herbal medicine treatment. The optimal cutoff value of patient age was determined by receiver operating curve analysis. Results : The age of initiation of herbal medicine therapy (p = 0.012) and administration of Forsythiae fructus (p = 0.002) were significant variables for treatment response. The adjusted R2 value was 0.231. The mean ages of the responder and non-responder groups were significantly different (p = 0.023). The optimal cutoff value of age for predicting treatment response was 9.75 years. Treatment response was better among children below 9.75 years of age. Conclusions: Patient age and administration of Forsythiae fructus were identified as determinants of response to herbal medicine treatment. Treatment of rhinitis and initiation of height gain treatment at an early age are critical for better response. These findings will provide fundamental data for further research.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2018

Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index (BMI) values in boys, and smaller 3rd percentile values in height-for-age charts. Thus, new growth charts have been developed to improve the previous version. The 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, regarded as the standard for breastfed infants and children, were introduced for children aged 0-35 months. For children and adolescents aged 3-18 years, these new growth charts include height-for-age, weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, weight-for-height, and head circumference-for-age charts, and were developed using data obtained in 1997 and 2005. Data sets and exclusion criteria were applied differently for the development of the different growth charts. BMI-for-age charts were adjusted to decrease the 95th percentile values of BMI. Criteria for obesity were simplified and defined as a BMI of ${\geq}95th$ percentile for age and sex. The 3rd percentile values for height-for-age charts were also increased. Additional percentile lines (1st and 99th) and growth charts with standard deviation lines were introduced. 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권8호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2020

Background: Pediatric hypertension is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations. Purpose: To examine pediatric hypertension in a clinical setting, we used the percentile rank approach and defined hypertension as that above the 95th percentile. Methods: The present study was linked to the a national analytical cross-sectional community-based Iranian Children and Adolescents' Psychiatric Disorders (IRCAP) survey. The survey was nationwide and funded by the National Institute of Medical Research Development. The IRCAP survey included 31,000 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in all 31 Iran provinces. The current study included 1,035 children and adolescents and linked the data of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease only in Yazd province via random cluster sampling. Results: Of the total participants, 456 (44.1%) were male and 579 (55.9%) were female. The mean age was 11.2±3.8 years (11.7±3.7 years for males, 11.0±3.6 years for females), while mean height was 146±20.0 cm overall, 147.2±22.0 cm for males, and 144.6±17.0 cm for females (P=0.009). The blood pressure distributions and percentiles were evaluated. Conclusion: Here we determined age- and height-specific 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in Yazd boys and girls using 10-cm height intervals.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.525-538
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide information on obesity assessment for Koreans. Among total of 1012 research papers enlisted in the Korean J Community Nutrition form 1996 to 2011, 248 articles were examined in which subjects were divided into more than 2 groups by obesity rate. About the method of anthropometric data collection, more than half of the research papers examined 52.5% and 28.7% of studies utilized the directly measured data and self-described data, respectively. About the utilization of obesity assessment methods, indirect methods of weight-height index (BMI, BMI percentile, and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index) and PIBW (WLR, Broca index, and KDA) were 62.4% and 23.2%, respectably, and the direct method of percent body fat assessment was only 9.3%. The most frequently utilized methods were WLR in under primary and primary school children, and BMI in the middle and high school students and in adults. For primary school students, WLR was the most frequently utilized method up to 2007, but it changed to BMI percentile afterward. Broca Index was no longer utilized since 2008. There were no articles utilizing BMI percentile and R$\ddot{o}$hrer index for obesity assessment in adults. Criteria for obesity assessment were not consistent among research papers: for example, % body fat, 19~40%; BMI, 20~30; BMI percentile, 85th or 95th. In the case of PIBW, 120% of ideal weight was the most frequently utilized criterion for obesity. Based on these findings, we suggest that proper methods and criteria of obesity assessment for each age group should be determined and proclaimed.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2006

Objectives : The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of oriental medical treatment to the growth of children using bone age as measurer. Methods : This clinical study has been carried out with 32 cases(male 15, female 17 of children) aging from 7 to 15 years old, who visited to the Department of Pediatrics growth clinic, ○○ medical center from January 2004 to August 2006 and were treated for more than 12 months. Their height, body weight, body mass index(BMI) and bone age were estimated at two points: Before and after oriental medical treatment was applied. Bone age is measured by X-ray image of growth plate in inferior radiocarpal joint. Results : Bone age correlated with choronological age, height, weight. Difference between bone and choronological age was correlated with percentile of height and weight. The mean growth of children showed 4.03 percentile upwardly(p=.046), and difference between bone and choronological age was reduced from $0.23{\pm}1.62$ to $-0.026{\pm}1.64(p=.040)$ after treatment. Conclusions : This study shows that oriental medical treatment helped growth of children using bone age as measurer.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 연안의 파후 자료를 이용하여 파랑 관측기간에 따른 오차범위의 정량적인 분석과 변화양상 분석을 수행하였다. 표본 관측기간은 1개월부터 6년까지 Bootstrap 기법을 이용하여 무작위로 추출하였다. 분석 결과, 전체적으로 관측기간이 1년보다 작은 경우에는 관측기간이 증가할수록 오차범위는 급격한 감소양상을 보이고 있으며, 관측기간이 1년 이상인 경우에는 관측기간의 증가에 따른 오차범위 감소 정도는 매우 완만한 것으로 파악 되었다. 절대적인 추정오차를 기준 파고 1 m 조건에서 10% 정도(${\pm}0.1m$)로 가정하는 경우, 추정오차를 달성할 수 있는 최소 관측 기간은 거제 홍도 및 속초 지점은 2년 이상 자료로 이 조건을 만족하지만, 안마도 지점은 3년 이상의 관측 자료를 이용해야 이 조건을 만족하는 것으로 파악되었다. 한편 파고 백분위수는 값이 증가할수록 신뢰구간은 급격한 증가 양상을 보이는 반면, 주기 백분위수는 꼬리영역(2.5- & 97.5-백분위수 영역)을 제외하고는 0.5초 이내로 비교적 일정한 정도를 유지하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 항만가동률 평가에서 필요한 유의파고의 97.5-백분위수에 대한 정량적인 분석결과, 오차범위는 속초 0.75 m, 거제-홍도 0.5 m, 안마도 1.2 m 정도로 파악되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

Purpose: The goal of nutritional support for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants from birth to term is to match the in utero growth rates; however, this is rarely achieved. Methods: We evaluated postdischarge growth patterns and growth failure in 81 Korean VLBW infants through a retrospective study. Weight and height were measured and calculated based on age percentile distribution every 3 months until age 24 months. Growth failure was defined as weight and height below the 10th percentile at 24 months. For the subgroup analysis, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants were evaluated. The growth patterns based on the Korean, World Health Organization (WHO), or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standard were serially compared over time. Results: At postconception age (PCA) 40 weeks, 47 (58%) and 45 infants (55%) showed growth failure in terms of weight and height, respectively. At PCA 24 months, 20 infants (24%) showed growth failure for weight and 14 (18%) for height. Growth failure rates were higher for the SGA infants than for the appropriate-weight-for-gestational age infants at PCA 24 months (P=0.045 for weight and P=0.038 for height). Growth failure rates were higher for the ELBW infants than for the non-ELBW infants at PCA 24 months (P<0.001 for weight and P=0.003 for height). Significant differences were found among the WHO, CDC, and Korean standards (P<0.001). Conclusion: Advancements in neonatal care have improved the catch-up growth of VLBW infants, but this is insufficient. Careful observation and aggressive interventions, especially in SGA and ELBW infants, are needed.