• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

본 연구는 제 6기 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 이용하여 우리나라 노인의 하루 평균 흡연량에 따른 흡연상태와 상실치아와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 만 65세 이상의 4,037명 노인을 대상으로 하였으며, 그 결과, 비흡연군에 비해 과거중증흡연이 2.35배, 현재일반흡연군은 3.01배, 현재중증흡연군에서 3.27배로 상실치아의 교차비가 유의하게 높았다. 결론적으로 하루 평균 흡연량에 따라 상실치아의 위험도에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 잔존치아수를 최대한 증대시키고, 유지하기 위해 치과에서 금연치료의 객관적 자료로 제시되고 동기부여에 기여할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.951-961
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate how the amount and duration of smoking effects the bleeding and pain of gingival among adolescents in Korea while also taking into consideration the impact of drinking. Methods: Data were utilized from a web-based survey of youth health behaviors conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016. The subjects of the study included 65,528 adolescents from middle and high schools. As dependent variables, bleeding and pain of gingival were used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Version 20.0 program. Results: After adjusting for the general characteristics and oral health behaviors of the subjects, in the long-term, the ≥0.52 PY group (heavy smoker) experienced 1.28 times higher bleeding and pain of gingival than the <0.52 PY group (light smoker) among adolescents who smoke and drink at the same time. Adolescents who smoked without drinking did not show any difference on bleeding and pain of gingival according to the amount of smoking in the short- and long-term. However, the findings reveal that there was a difference on bleeding and pain of gingival according to tooth brushing frequency. Conclusions: In order to promote the periodontal health of adolescents, it is argued that programs and projects should be implemented to prevent, educate, and control simultaneous behaviors of smoking and drinking.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.290-299
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate drinking smoking exercise and environmental characteristics and it's risk factors for hypercholesterolemia (HC) in Korean. 344 adult men who took the annual health check-ups at D or J hospitals were participated in this corss-sectional study. The subjects were grouped by plasma total cholesterol level into three groups: normal cholesterolemic(n=139) borderline hyper-cholesterolemic (n=93) and hypercholesterolemic (n-112) groups. The data of plasma cholesterol level in the subjects were collected from medical records. Drinking smoking and exercise habits family and disease history personality type and stress level of subjects were investigated by using questionaries. The subjects with HC had longer drinking duration and drunk more frequently. The proportion of smok-er heavy smoker($\geq$2pack/day) and longer smoker ($\geq$30yrs) showed high in the HC but there were no significancy. The subjects with HC had preference for light exercise and exercised more frequently but there were no significant difference. The family history of cardiovascular diseases was higher in the were not different among the three groups. The relative risks on HC were 1.33 for family history, 1.22 for severe stress 1.06 for smoking and 1.04 for exercise.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking levels and periodontal status. 199 subjects, consisting of male 127 and female 72, classified by smoking levels and duration were selected: Patients who had smoked for more than 20 cigarettes/day were considered heavy smokers, 10 to 19, moderate smokers; 1-9, light smokers:0, non-smoker. And smokers were divided into ones who had smoked for more than 20 years, 10-19 years, less than 10 years and non-smokers. Heavy smokers and moderate smokers showed significantly greater pocket depths, less clinical attachment levels, more molar furcation involvements, greater alveolar bone loss and higher scores of plaque index than light smokers and non-smokers,(p < 0.05). When the duration of smoking was considered as a factor, scores of clinical parameters were worse and alveolar bone loss were significantly greater in long-term smokers, who had smoked for more than 20 years. In conclusion, cigarette smoking is associated with periodontal status.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 서울 전문치료형 금연캠프를 이용한 중,고도 흡연자들의 전, 후 동기변화를 보고 6개월 성공 및 실패집단 간 동기 차이를 확인하기 위함이다. 연구 설계는 금연동기척도의 금연캠프 전, 후 변화와 6개월 금연성공 및 실패집단의 차이를 비교했고, 연구기간은 2015년 8월 1일부터 2018년 12월 31일까지 수집된 자료를 활용하였다. 연구대상자는 총 1317명이며, 남자는 1248명(94.8%), 여자는 69명(5.2%)이며, 흡연기간은 31~40년이 413명(31.3%)으로 가장 많았다. 캠프 후 동기가 향상되었으며, 6개월 성공집단이 실패집단보다 전반적인 금연동기(F=6.52, p=.011), 하위영역인 전숙고단계(F=5.12, p=.024)와 숙고단계(F=.90, p=.341), 준비1단계(F=5.79, p=.016), 준비2단계(F=1.33, p=.249)에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중,고도 흡연자를 대상으로 금연 캠프 프로그램이 금연동기를 향상시키며 6개월 금연성공집단이 더 금연동기가 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2002

Objective : To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking, alcohol and cancer mortality in men in the Kangwha cohort after 12 years and 10 months of follow up. Methods : The subjects consisted of 2,681 men in the Kangwha cohort aged over 55 in 1985. Number of deaths and the time to death front all cancers and other cause were measured and the data for the smoking and drinking habits were obtained from the baseline survey data in 1985. All subjects were categorized into four groups according to their smoking habits: non-smokers, ex-smokers, mode(ate-smokers (1-19 cigarettes per day), heavy-smokers ($\geq$20 cigarettes per day). In addition, they were also categorized according to their drinking habits: non-drinkers, light-drinkers ($\leq$1 drink per week), moderate-drinkers (<3 drinks per day), heavy-drinkers ($\geq$3 drinks per day). The cancer specific death rates were calculated according to their smoking and drinking status. The adjusted risk ratio for all cancer deaths according to their smoking and drinking status were estimated using the Cox's proportional hazard regression model. Results : Using nonsmokers as the reference category, the adjusted risk ratio for all cancer deaths were 1.573(95% CI=1.003-2.468) for heavy-smokers. For lung cancer deaths, the adjusted risk ratios were 3.540(95% CI=1.251-10.018) for moderate-smoker and 4.114(95% CI=1.275-13.271) for heavy-smokers. Compared to non-drinkers, the adjusted risk ratio for stomach cancer was 2.204(95% CI=1.114-4.361) for light-drinkers. Conclusion : Smoking is the most significant risk factor for cancer deaths particularly lung cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.909-913
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• 2002

대세포 신경내분비암은 드문 질환으로, 최근에 폐의 신경내분비암의 하나로 진단 기준이 확립되었다. 심한 흡연자로 증상이 없는 74세의 남자가 우하엽의 종양을 주소로 내원하였다. 세침 생검을 통해 대세포 신경내 분비암으로 진단되었다. 우하엽 절제술과 종격동 림프절 곽청술을 시행 받았다. 저자들은 대세포 신경내분비암의 한 례를 치험하였고 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.5495-5501
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• 2013

Background: Alu elements are one of the most common repetitive sequences that now constitute more than 10% of the human genome and potential targets for epigenetic alterations. Correspondingly, methylation of these elements can result in a genome-wide event that may have an impact in cancer. However, studies investigating the genome-wide status of Alu methylation in cancer remain limited. Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) presents with high incidence in South-East Asia and thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the Alu methylation status in OSCCs and explore with the possibility of using this information for diagnostic screening. We evaluated Alu methylation status in a) normal oral mucosa compared to OSCC; b) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of normal controls comparing to oral cancer patients; c) among oral epithelium of normal controls, smokers and oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Alu methylation was detected by combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) at 2 CpG sites. The amplified products were classified into three patterns; hypermethylation ($^mC^mC$), partial methylation ($^uC^mC+^mC^uC$), and hypomethylation ($^uC^uC$). Results: The results demonstrate that the $%^mC^mC$ value is suitable for differentiating normal and cancer in oral tissues (p=0.0002), but is not significantly observe in PBMCs. In addition, a stepwise decrease in this value was observed in the oral epithelium from normal, light smoker, heavy smoker, low stage and high stage OSCC (p=0.0003). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses demonstrated the potential of combined $%^mC$ or $%^mC^mC$ values as markers for oral cancer detection with sensitivity and specificity of 86.7% and 56.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Alu hypomethylation is likely to be associated with multistep oral carcinogenesis, and might be developed as a screening tool for oral cancer detection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

Background: Smoking reduces pulmonary function and induces various lung diseases. Recently, the rate of emphysema detection has increased due to lung cancer screening with low-dose chest computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lung function associated with emphysema in healthy smokers. Methods: One hundred and ninety one healthy smokers, who had undergone a low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scan as part of lung cancer screening and had revisited the health center after a median 23.9 months' time, were recruited into this study. The severity of emphysema was calculated by the direct observation of a radiologist and a pulmonologist indipendently. Longitudinal changes in lung function according to emphysema based on LDCT and type of smoker was analyzed. Results: Of the participants in this study, 25% of healthy smokers had emphysema, which was mild in severity, in older patients (p=0.003) and in heavy smokers (p<0.001). $FEV_1/FVC$ and FEF25-75% were decreased in current smokers with emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively) and without emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.042). Although lung function was not decreased in ex-smokers without emphysema, $FEV_1/FVC$ and FEF25-75% were decreased in ex-smoker with emphysema (p=0.020 and p=0.010). Conclusion: Upon examination with LDCT, the prevalence of emphysema was higher in healthy smokers was than in non-smokers. Lung function was diminished in smokers with emphysema, in spite of former smoker.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine environmental chemical exposure related to residential and personal lifestyle characteristics in the adult Korean population. The observations of this study can provide information useful for developing reduction approaches for exposure to chemicals among the general adult population. Methods: The second stage of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNHES) was conducted from 2012 to 2014, with 6,478 persons participating. Using the results of the survey, the relationship between exposure levels of heavy metals and organic chemicals and exposure factors, e.g. residential and personal lifestyle characteristics, were analyzed. Results: The exposure levels of VOCs and PAHs were significantly lower in participants living at a distance of more than 100 m from roads versus living closer to roads. Home ventilation lowered VOC and PAH exposure but did not lower chemical exposure from household products. Use of public transportation showed lower exposure to heavy metals, VOCs, and PAHs. Current smoker was significantly higher for levels of heavy metals, VOCs, and PAHs, and the exposure trend was similar for current drinkers. Physical activity was related with higher exposure to phthalates and environmental phenols. Conclusion: Our observations based on a nationally representative population for Korea show that exposure to chemicals varies by residential and personal lifestyle, and this should be considered for developing appropriate mitigation measures and policies. Given the health concerns surrounding environmental chemicals, it is necessary to develop comprehensive measures to reduce chemical exposure.