• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.40-43
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• 2016

Beam trajectory is needed to be controlled in heavy ion accelerator system. Quadruple magnets are widely used in heavy ion accelerator for focusing the transporting particles. A quadruple triplet system which consists of three consecutive quadrupoles, Q1, Q2 and Q3, is used to control beam trajectory at a focused position. Q1 and Q3 have symmetry with respect to Q2. The beam trajectory in magnet system is affected by higher order fields existed in real fields. For quadrupoles, the representation simulation of beam trajectory was carried out to study the beam trajectory and to estimate an effect of higher order field in triplet system. SCALA program was used to simulate the beam trajectory in $Opera^{TM}$. SCALA can analyze a large number of beam trajectories at the same time by adjusting the size of finite element of the emitter. With $Opera^{TM}$ and $Matlab^{TM}$ programs, the position of focused beam spot in quadruple triplet system can be increased or decreased using evolution strategy (ES) method, therefore the length of triplet system can be controlled. Finally, the quadruple triplet system with the appropriate length and expected beam spot range was suggested in this paper.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2002

In this paper, we treated the Ni$_3$Al based alloy samples with intense pulsed ion beams (IPIB) at the beam parameters of 250KV acceleration voltage, 100 - 200 A/cm$^2$ current density and 60 u pulse duration. We simulated the thermal-mechanical process near the surface of Ni$_3$Al based alloy with our STEIPIB codes. The surface morphology and the cross-section microstructures of samples were observed with SEM, the composition of the sample surface layer was determined by X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (XEDS) and the microstructure on the surface was observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The results show that heating rate increases with the current density of IPIB and cooling rate reached highest value less than 150 A/cm$^2$. The irradiation of IPIB induced the segregation of Mo and adequate beam parameter can improve anti-oxidation properly of IC6 alloy. Some craters come from extraneous debris and liquid droplets, and some maybe due to the melting of the intersection region of interphase. Increasing the pulse number enlarges average size of craters and decreases number density of craters.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2000

Effects of the heavy-ion ($^{14}$ N or $^{20}$ Ne) beam irradiation on the response of anthers, growth of calli, germination of seeds, and the early growth after the germination of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. BY-4) were investigated. Anthers precultured for 10 days before the irradiation became brown without callus or shoot induction over 20 Gy of $^{14}$ N and $^{20}$ Ne ion beam irradiation. Relative growth rate of the cultured calli was reduced by the irradiation and became brown significantly 2 weeks after the $^{14}$ N and $^{20}$ Ne ion beam irradiation over 50 Gy. The increased intensity of the heavy-ion ($^{14}$ N, $^{20}$ Ne) beam irradiation resulted in the delay of seed germination and the inhibition of the early growth both in water-treated and non-treated seeds before the irradiation. In addition, the heavy-ion beam irradiation to the imbibed seeds inhibited seed germination more than that to the non-imbibed seeds. The screening approach of non-imbibed seeds with heavy-ion beam irradiation using in vitro culture system was more useful than the filter-paper germination method in investigating the characteristics of heavy-ion beam-irradiated seed population and the screening of morphological variants at the early stage of the plant growth.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.204-212
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• 2023

Background: Isotopes of the projectile may be produced along the beam path during the irradiation of a target by a heavy ion due to inelastic interactions with the media. This study analyzed the production cross-section of carbon (C) and Helium (He) projectile's isotopes resulting from the interactions of these beams with different materials along the beam path. Materials and Methods: In this study, we transport C and He ion beams through different materials. This transportation was made by the Monte Carlo simulation. Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) has been used for this calculation. Results and Discussion: It has been found that ¹⁰C, ¹¹C, and ¹³C from the ¹²C ion beam and ³He from the ⁴He ion beam are significant projectile's isotopes that have higher flux than other isotopes of these projectiles. The ⁴He ion beam has a higher projectile's isotope production cross-section along the beam path, which adds more impurities to the beam than the ¹²C ion beam. These projectile's isotopes from both the ¹²C and ⁴He ion beams have higher production cross-sections in hydrogenous materials like water or polyethylene. Conclusion: It is important to distinguish these projectile's isotopes from the primary beam particles to obtain a precise and accurate cross-section result by minimizing the error during measurement with a nuclear track detector. This study will show the trend of the production probability of projectile's isotopes for these ion beams.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.211-213
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• 2002

The purpose of this work is acquiring some parameters of therapeutic heavy ion beams after penetrating a thick target. The experiments were performed using a pencil-like $\^$12/C beam of about 3 mm in diameter from NIRS-HIMAC, and the data were taken at several points of the target thickness for $\^$12/C beam of 290 MeV/u and 400 MeV/u. By the simultaneous measurements using some detectors, the atomic number of each fragment particle was identified, and the beam profile, the dose distribution and the LET spectrum for each element were derived.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.94-96
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• 2002

In order to achieve the radiotherapy more precisely using highly energetic heavy charged particles, it is important to know the distribution of the electron density in a human body, which is highly related to the range of charged particles. We can directly obtain the 2-D distribution of the electron density in a sample from a heavy ion CT image. For this purpose, we have developed a heavy ion CT system using a broad beam. The performance, especially the position resolution, of this system is estimated in this work. All experiments were carried out using the heavy ion beam from the HIMAC. We have obtained the projection data of polyethylene samples with various sizes using He 150 MeV/u, C 290 MeV/u and Ne 400 MeV/u beams. The used targets are the cylinders of 40, 60 and 80 mm in diameter, each of them has a hole of 10 mm in diameter at the center of it. The dependence of the spatial resolution on the target size and the kinds of beams will be discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.70.1-70.1
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• 2015

The facility for RAON superconducting heavy-ion accelerator at a beam power of up to 400 kW will be produced rare isotopes with two electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources. Highly charged ions generated by the ECR ion source will be injected to a superconducting LINAC to accelerate them up to 200 MeV/u. During the acceleration of the heavy ions, a good vacuum system is required to avoid beam loss due to interaction with residual gases. Therefore ultra-high vacuum (UHV) is required to (i) limit beam losses, (ii) keep the radiation induced within safe levels, and (iii) prevent contamination of superconducting cavities by residual gas. In this work, a RAON vacuum design for all the accelerator system will be presented along with Monte Carlo simulation of vacuum levels in order to validate the vacuum hardware configuration, which is needed to meet the baseline requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.12 no.S1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2003

In this paper, we studied, by numerical calculation, a system, which was composed of metal-film and metal-substrate irradiated by IPIB with beam ion energy 250 keV, current density 10 to 250 A/$\textrm{cm}^2$. While the IPIB irradiation was going on, an induced effect named mixing occurred. In this case, metal-film and part of metal-substrate melted and mixed. The mixing state was kept as it was in melting phase due to the fast cooling rate. Our works were simulating the heating and cooling process via our STEIPIB program and tried to find proper parameters for a specific film-substrate system, 500 nmtitanium film coated on aluminum, to get best mixing results. The parameters calculated for such Ti-Al system were compared with the experimental results and were in good accordance to the experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.169-178
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• 2005

Effects of heavy-ion beam$(^{20}Ne)$ irradiation on growth and DNA alteration of tobacco plants were investigated. Seed germination and plant height were decresed as the ion-beam intensity was increased. However, the bolting and flowering were promoted by the low intensities of 5 Gy to 10 Gy treatment. Out of the 100 primers screened, 59 primers generated 336 DNA fragments by RAPD analysis, and one specific DNA fragment that amplified in control but not in the ion-beam irradiated plants was observed. By AFLP analysis, DNA fragment difference related to the ion-beam treatment was not detected but observed among the plant bodys.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2020

This paper provides a brief review of the advanced technologies for carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), with a focus on current developments. Compared to photon beam therapy, treatment using heavy ions, especially a carbon beam, has potential advantages due to its physical and biological properties. Carbon ion beams with high linear energy transfer demonstrate high relative biological effectiveness in cell killing, particularly at the Bragg peak. With these unique properties, CIRT allows for accurate targeting and dose escalation for tumors with better sparing of adjacent normal tissues. Recently, the available CIRT technologies included fast pencil beam scanning, superconducting rotating gantry, respiratory motion management, and accurate beam modeling for the treatment planning system. These techniques provide precise treatment, operational efficiency, and patient comfort. Currently, there are 12 CIRT facilities worldwide; with technological improvements, they continue to grow in number. Ongoing technological developments include the use of multiple ion beams, effective beam delivery, accurate biological modeling, and downsizing the facility.