• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1517-1526
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• 2016

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented foods have potential as a treatment for immune-related disorders and the use of LAB has been increasing worldwide. In this study, the differential cytokine regulatory effect was examined with three isolates of lactobacilli strains; namely, Lactobacillus plantarum K55-5 isolated from dairy product, and L. sakei K101 and L. plantarum K8 previously isolated from kimchi (a Korean traditional fermented vegetable). Production of cytokines such as IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was significantly increased in L. sakei K101- and L. plantarum K55-5-treated splenocytes as compared with controls. The oral administration of L. sakei K101 and L. plantarum K55-5 increased cytokine production in the immunosuppressed mouse splenocytes and blood. NK cell cytotoxic activity was also increased in L. sakei K101- and L. plantarum K55-5-fed mice. On the other hand, L. plantarum K8 did not affect cytokine induction in all the experiments performed in this study. The cytokine-inducing effect of L. plantarum K55-5 was significantly increased by lysates of heat-killed bacteria as compared with live, heat-killed, or supernatant of cell lysates. TNF-α production by lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) isolated from the three isolates of lactobacilli was compared, and it was found that K55-5 LTA had a highest cytokine-inducing ability, which was mediated by TLR2-mediated NF-κB and ERK activation. Taken together, our study suggests that L. plantarum K55-5 and L. sakei K101 can be used for the treatment of immunosuppressed disorders.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.310-318
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• 2012

유세포 형광분석에 의한 유산균의 면역증진 효과와 황색포도상구균에 대한 유산균의 항균활성을 확인하여 항아토피 기능성이 있는 유산균을 탐색하고 그 배양법을 검토하였다. T cell에서 CD4+/CD25+/foxp3+ 증가는 Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (Lc. lactis)의 순으로 면역증진효과를 보였고, 황색포도상구균에 대한 항균력은 Lc. lactis, Lb. plantarum의 순으로 나타냈다. Lc. lactis 배양액 첨가배지에 Lb. plantarum을 배양한 실험에서는 항균력의 증가가 없었으나 Lb. plantarum 배양액 첨가배지에 Lc. lactis를 배양한 실험에서 황색포도상구균의 항균활성 증대가 나타났다. 항균력을 증가시키는 유산균 첨가배지법의 최적조건은 Lb. plantarum 배양상층액 10%를 첨가하고 가열살균한 배지에서의 Lc. lactis 배양으로 나타났다. 이때 유산균의 항균역가는 Lc. lactis 순수배양 시보다 대수기 말기에 급격히 증가하여, 황색포도상구균의 증식 억제력이 1.29배 높아졌다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.145-149
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• 1986

The development of delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) reaction to Staphylococcus aureus in mice was studied, Mice received 3 injections of $10^8$ viable S. aureus subcutaneously showed a marked footpad swelling when mice were challenged with $10\;{\mu}g$ staphylococcal protein antigen into footpad(The percent increase of footpad thickness at 24 h after challenge wsa 35% approximately). Histological observation of footpad of immunized mice showed a marked thickness of subcutaneous tissue due to edematous reaction and massive infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils which are characteristic cells in DTH reaction. Intensity of DTH reaction of mice immunized with viable bacteria was much higher than that of mice immunized with staphylococcal protein or heat-killed bacteria. The DTH reaction to S. aureus could be transferred to normal recipient mice by both spleen cells and lymph node cells.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.55-72
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• 2017

The second article of 'Effects of heat treatment on the nutritional quality of milk,' titled 'Destruction of microorganisms in milk by heat treatment' and authored by Dr. Seong Kwan Cha, who worked at the Korea Food Research Institute, covers the heat-stable microorganisms that exist in milk after pasteurization. The article focusses on the microbiological quality of raw milk and market milk following heat treatment, and is divided into four sub-topics: microbiological quality of raw milk, survey and measurement of microorganisms killed in raw milk, effect on psychrophilic and mesophilic microorganisms, and effect of heat treatment methods on thermoduric microorganisms. Bacillus spp. and Clostridium spp. are sporeforming gram-positive organisms commonly found in soil, vegetables, grains, and raw and pasteurized milk that can survive most food processing methods. Since spores cannot be inactivated by LTLT (low temperature long time) or HTST (high temperature short time) milk pasteurization methods, they are often responsible for food poisoning. However, UHT (ultra high temperature) processing completely kills the spores in raw milk by heating it to temperatures above $130^{\circ}C$ for a few seconds, and thus, the UHT method is popularly used for milk processing worldwide.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2010

To identify the treatment effect of lactic acid bacteria for diabetes, the treatment effects of a single administration of acarbose (a diabetes treatment drug) or lactic acid bacteria, and the mixture of acarbose and lactic acid bacteria on diabetes in a type 1 diabetes animal model, were studied. In this study, streptozotocin was inoculated into a Sprague-Dawley rat to induce diabetes, and sham control (Sham), diabetic control (STZ), STZ and composition with live cell, STZ and composition with heat killed cell, STZ and composition with drugs (acarbose) were orally administered. Then the treatment effect on diabetes was observed by measuring the body weight, blood glucose, and serum lipid. For the histopathological examination of the pancreas, the Langerhans islet of the pancreas was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the renal cortex, outer medullar, and inner medullar were also observed. The induced diabetes decreased the body weight, and the fasting blood glucose level decreased in the lactic-acid-bacteria-administered group and the mixture-administered group. In addition, the probiotic resulted in the greatest decrease in the serum cholesterol level, which is closely related to diabetes. Also, the hematoxylin and eosin staining of the Langerhans islet showed that the reduction in the size of the Langerhans islet slowed in the lactic-acid-bacteria-administered group. The histopathological examination confirmed that the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy decreased in the group to which viable bacteria and acarbose were administered, unlike in the group to which dead bacteria was administered. The mixture of lactic acid bacteria and acarbose and the single administration of lactic acid bacteria or acarbose had treatment effects on the size of the Langerhans islet and of the kidney histopathology. Thus, it is believed that lactic acid bacteria have treatment effects on diabetes and can be used as supplements for the treatment of diabetes.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2016

치주질환은 만성염증성 질환으로 치조골소실을 일으켜 성인치아상실을 유발하는 요인 중 하나이다. 그람 음성세균인 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans와 Porphyromonas gingivalis는 치주질환환자의 병소에서 쉽게 동정된다. 지질다당체(Lipopolysaccharide; LPS)는 그람 음성세균의 핵심 독력인자로 알려져 있다. 이러한 세균과 LPS는 파골세포에 의한 골소실을 조절하는 요인 중 하나이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 동물모델을 활용하여 A. actinomycetemcomitans와 P. gingivalis의 의한 골소실 여부를 확인하고, 기전규명을 위하여 A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans와 P. gingivalis에서 분리한 LPS에 의한 파골세포분화 영향을 연구하였다. 열사멸한 A. actinomycetemcomitans (HKAa)와 열사멸한 P. gingivalis (HKPg)가 복강으로 투여된 쥐의 대퇴골은 대조군에 비해 감소된 골량을 보여주었다. 이러한 골소실의 증가가 파골세포분화 때문인지 확인하기 위해 파골세포분화를 연구한 결과, bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM)의 RANKL-매개 파골세포분화를 감소시켰으나, committed osteoclast precursor의 파골세포분화를 유도함을 확인하였다. 세균에 의한 파골세포분화 결과와 동일하게 A. actinomycetemcomitans와 P. gingivalis에서 분리한 LPS 역시 RANKL-매개 파골세포분화는 감소시키고, committed osteoclast precursor의 파골세포분화를 유도하였다. 결과적으로 치주원인균인 A. actinomycetemcomitans와 P. gingivalis는 committed osteoclast precursor의 파골세포분화를 증가시키는데, 이 세균들의 LPS가 핵심 역할을 수행하는 것으로 판단되며 이를 통해 골 흡수를 유발함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1999

Intestinal bacteria comprise one-third of the contents of the large intestine in humans. Their interactions with the gastrointestinal immune system induce characteristic immunological responses which stimulate or suppress the host's defense system. RAW 264.7 murine cell line was used as a macrophage model to assess the effects of the exposure to the isolated human intestinal bacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Streptococcus, and E. coli, on NO (nitric oxide), $H_2O_2$(hydrogen peroxide), and cytokines IL (interleukin)-6 and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-a production. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of heat-killed bacteria for 24 h at concentrations of 0-$50\mu$g/ml. Our results showed that Bacteroides and E. coli stimulated IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, NO, and $H_2O_2$production at high levels even at $1\mu$g/ml, whereas Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, and Streptococcus showed a low level of stimulation at $1\mu$g/ml, and a gradual increase as the cell concentration increased up to $50\mu$g/ml. This result suggests that gram-negative Bacteroides and E. coli are better able to stimulate macrophage than gram-positive Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Eubacterium. The in vitro approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of intestinal bacteria on gastrointestinal and systemic immunity.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.92-92
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• 1968

1) The aim of present investigation is to elucidate the relation of the balance of the production and decomposition of the fir litter. in Kwangnung plantation stands. 2) The decay constant, K, of litters was 0. 185 for the fir stand at Kwangnung. 3) The mode for the accumulation of organic carbon ($C_a$) is $c_a$= $610(1-e^{-0.185t})$), and for the decay of organic carbon (C) C = $610(1-e^{-0.185t})$. 4) The time required for the decay of half of the accumulated organic carbon in the fir stand is 3. 74 years and for 99% of elimination 27.02 years. 5) The litters of Abies holophylla killed by heat and washed with alcohol-benzol, with hot water, or with both alcohol-benzol and hot water were incubated after inoculated with suspension of firwood soil. Plate counts were made of fungi and bacteria from time to time. 6) Removal of the alcohol-benzol soluble substance stimulates at the beginning of the decay the growth of fungi and also of bacteria. 7) Removal of the water soluble fraction is detrimental to the growth of fungi in particular. 8) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F and H horizon of the fir plantation soil in Kwangnung. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in forest soil.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1968

1) The aim of present investigation is to elucidate the relation of the balance of the production and decomposition of the fir litter. in Kwangnung plantation stands. 2) The decay constant, K, of litters was 0. 185 for the fir stand at Kwangnung. 3) The mode for the accumulation of organic carbon ($C_a$) is $c_a$= $610(1-e^{-0.185t})$), and for the decay of organic carbon (C) C = $610(1-e^{-0.185t})$. 4) The time required for the decay of half of the accumulated organic carbon in the fir stand is 3. 74 years and for 99% of elimination 27.02 years. 5) The litters of Abies holophylla killed by heat and washed with alcohol-benzol, with hot water, or with both alcohol-benzol and hot water were incubated after inoculated with suspension of firwood soil. Plate counts were made of fungi and bacteria from time to time. 6) Removal of the alcohol-benzol soluble substance stimulates at the beginning of the decay the growth of fungi and also of bacteria. 7) Removal of the water soluble fraction is detrimental to the growth of fungi in particular. 8) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F and H horizon of the fir plantation soil in Kwangnung. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in forest soil.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2016

건강한 닭의 맹장에서 분리한 Lactobacillus sakei LAB 2와 LAB 8의 생균제로 이용을 알아보기 위해 기본적인 특성과 면역활성을 시험하였다. LAB 2와 LAB 8은 높은 내산성과 내담즙성을 가지고 있으며, 1차 대사산물인 유기산에 기인한 항균활성을 보였다. Salmonella 종을 병원성균으로 이용하여 최대 항균력을 나타내는 시간을 시험한 결과 48시간으로 나타났으며, 생성된 유기산 중 젖산의 생산량은 다른 Lactobacillus 균주보다 높게 조사되었다. In vitro 모델로 알아본 면역증진효과는 면역관련 세포의 증식과 사이토카인의 생산량 증가로 확인하였다. 이에 Lactobacillus sakei LAB 2와 LAB 8은 유용한 생균제로 개발할 수 있는 균으로 생각된다.