• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.492-501
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• 2006

In this study, we attempted to characterize the physiological response to oxidative stress by heat shock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 (KNU5377) that ferments at a temperature of $40^{\circ}C$. The KNU5377 strain evidenced a very similar growth rate at $40^{\circ}C$ as was recorded under normal conditions. Unlike the laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae, the cell viability of KNU5377 was affected slightly under 2 hours of heat stress conditions at $43^{\circ}C$. KNU5377 evidenced a time-dependent increase in hydroperoxide levels, carbonyl contents, and malondialdehyde (MDA), which increased in the expression of a variety of cell rescue proteins containing Hsp104p, Ssap, Hsp30p, Sod1p, catalase, glutathione reductase, G6PDH, thioredoxin, thioredoxin peroxidase (Tsa1p), Adhp, Aldp, trehalose and glycogen at high temperature. Pma1/2p, Hsp90p and $H^+$-ATPase expression levels were reduced as the result of exposure to heat shock. With regard to cellular fatty acid composition, levels of unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) were increased significantly at high temperatures ($43^{\circ}C$), and this was particularly true of oleic acid (C18:1). The results of this study indicated that oxidative stress as the result of heat shock may induce a more profound stimulation of trehalose, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock proteins, as well as an increase in the USFAs ratios. This might contribute to cellular protective functions for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and may also contribute to membrane fluidity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

Objectives : The conventional direct and indirect moxibustion therapies for prostate treatment could not been applied to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(Conception Vessel Meridian 1, 會陰) because of its boring body region. The position of $CV_1$(會陰) is the back side of hard part between the anus and the genital organ. The conventional moxibustion methods have many troubles in operating to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(會陰). In order to get rid of these problems, we have suggested the special heat generating terminal especially for prostate. The features of the special heat generating terminal for prostate are the low temperature infrared heater and the adhesive moxa-pad. These features are no burnt, no fiery and especially suitable for the point of $CV_1$(會陰). Methods: The heat generating terminal which is a part of the moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer is composed of a PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficients) ceramic heater and the adhesive moxa-pad We had got the experimental demonstrations by the stimulating the acupuncture points which are $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(Bladder Meridian 28, 膀胱兪), and $CV_3$(Conception Vessel Meridian 3, 中極) with the special heat generating terminal for the prostatitis and the benign prosthetic hypertrophy. And the stimulation level was 43$^{\circ}C$ infrared heat for one hour. The type of thermography is IRIS-5000. Results : With one subject suffering the prostatitis and another subject suffering the benign prosthetic hypertrophy, we cauterized the acupuncture points $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(膀胱兪) and $CV_3$(中極) with the special heat generating terminal for prostate. We measured the temperature variations by the thermography before and after stimulations. Finally we estimated the tendency of temperature decreasing in the region of post-stroke urinary symptoms and the improvement of nocturnal enuresis after the stimulations. Conclusions : We suggest that the special heat generating terminal of moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer proposed herein is effective for the treatment of prostate by NIH-CPSI and IPSS.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.2755-2760
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 건강한 남성을 대상으로 뜸 자극을 가한 대상군과 자극을 가하지 않은 대상군의 뇌파를 분석하여 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 실험하였다. 뜸 자극은 뜸 링을 사용하는 간접 뜸 자극 방식을 적용하였고, 뇌파는 국제10-20전극법을 적용하여 16채널 쌍전극 측정법으로 측정하였다. 측정된 데이터는 ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, ${\delta}$, ${\Theta}$파의 주파수 스펙트럼을 구하고, 16채널 전체를 평균한 뇌파변화추이와 16채널 각각의 뇌파변화추이에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 중완, 관원, 신궐의 뜸 자극은 체표감각신경의 반응에 따라 두정엽(ch 2, 3, 6, 7)의 뇌파신호가 낮았고, 무 자극 대상군과 뜸 자극 대상군의 큰 차이는 후두엽(ch 4, 8)의 변화로 뜸 자극 시 온화한 온열 ($42{\sim}44^{\circ}C$)자극에서 ${\alpha}$파 증가와 ${\beta}$파 감소, 약간의 뜨거움($45{\sim}48^{\circ}C$)의 반응 시 ${\alpha}$파 감소와 ${\beta}$파 증가의 반응이 있었다. 그리고 자극 후 1시간에서 ${\beta}$, ${\delta}$, ${\theta}$파 감소와 ${\alpha}$파의 증가로 정신생리 향상효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2013

Dectin-1, which specifically recognizes ${\beta}$-glucan of fungal cell walls, is a non-Toll-like receptor (TLR) pattern recognition receptor and a representative of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). The importance of Dectin-1 in innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, has previously been well studied. However, the function of Dectin-1 in B cells is very poorly understood. To determine the role of Dectin-1 in B cell activation, we first investigated whether mouse B cells express Dectin-1 and then assessed the effect of Dectin-1 stimulation on B cell proliferation and antibody production. Mouse B cells express mRNAs encoding CLRs, including Dectin-1, and surface Dectin-1 was expressed in B cells of C57BL/6 rather than BALB/c strain. Dectin-1 agonists, heat-killed Candida albicans (HKCA) and heat-killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae (HKSC), alone induced B cell proliferation but not antibody production. Interestingly, HKSC, HKCA, and depleted zymosan (a selective Dectin-1 agonist) selectively enhanced LPS-driven IgG1 production. Taken together, these results suggest that, during fungal infection, ${\beta}$-glucan-stimulated Dectin-1 may cooperate with TLR4 to specifically enhance IgG1 production by mouse B cells.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

Electroacupuncture(EA) is known to affect various autonomic functions such as blood pressure regulation, immune modulation and the improvement of disorders concerning autonomic functions. The aim of the present study was to establish whether EA has an immune-enhancing effect. ICR mice weighing 20 to 25g were divided into four groups: Group I(n=6), blank; Group II(n=6), control; Group III(Zusanli, n=6), low frequency-EA(10Hz of electrical stimulation), and Group IV(Zusanli, n=6), high frequency-EA (100Hz of electrical stimulation). For this study, we investigated expressions of spleen heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90 and secretions of cytokines. A Forced Swimming Test(FST) was performed as a model of activity test in mice. After three days of the FST, 10Hz EA($114.8{\pm}7.27s$) and 100Hz EA($147.5{\pm}1.29s$) immobility time significantly decreased compared with the control group($157.2{\pm}1.48s$). After seven days, 10Hz EA($124{\pm}1s$) and 100Hz EA($141{\pm}4.24s$) also significantly decreased immobility time compared with the control group($168{\pm}7.93s$). 10Hz EA and 100Hz EA increased the expression of HSP70 but did not change that of HSP90. 100Hz EA increased secretions of IL-6 and IL-12 compared with the control group however, 10Hz EA failed to change those of IL-6 and IL-12. The present results suggest that EA may be useful for down-regulated immune diseases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.103-120
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• 1998

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells respond to heat stress and other environmental abuses by synthesizing a small set of stress proteins and by inhibiting post-transcription synthesis of normal proteins. The purpose of the present study was to document the stress response produced by inflamed gingival tissue in vivo, and cytokine inducted human periodontal ligament cells. Human PDL cells were exposed to TNF-$\alpha$(1ng/ml), INF-$\gamma$(200 U/ml), LPS(100ug/ml), combination of cytokine, and SDS-PAGE gels running and Western blotting analysis was done. In vivo studies, the healthy gingival tissusse of a control group and inflamed gingival tissue of adult periodontitis were studied by immunohistochemistry and histology. The results were as follows 1. HSP 47 was distributed on basal layer in healthy gingiva, but stronger stained in basal, suprabasal, and spinous layer of inflamed gingiva. 2. HSP 47 was rare on endothelial cells and mononuclear cells in healthy gingiva, but stronger expressed in inflamed gingiva. 3. HSP 70 expression was rare on epihelium and inflammatory cells hi both healthy & inflamed gingiva. 4. HSP 70 was actively expressed on endothelial cells and inflammatory cells of capillary lumen in moderately & mild inflamend gingiva. 5. PDL cells showed low level of HSP 47 protein expression which was significantly induced by cytokine stimulation (LSP only and combination). 6. Maximum HSP 70 protein induction was seen with stimulation by a combination of the cytokine, Combination of TNF-$\alpha$, INF-$\gamma$, LPS have been shown to synergistically effects of HSP 70 expression. On the above findings, HSP Is influenced by cytokine and chronic inflammation in vivo, and may be involved in protection of tissue during periodontal inflammatiom.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.370-378
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• 1995

In order to consider the clinical efficacy of moxa combustion, understand the quality and quantity of heat stimulation and get the basic data for the development of electric moxibustion apparatus, the pattern of combustion temperature was measured by size of moxa(small, medium, large and maximum size). The results were as follows. 1. The pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning was classified into input period, consisting of preheating and heating periods, and output period, consisting of heat retaining and cooling periods, in all experimental groups. But it was difficult to observe the preheating period in small sized moxa. 2. It was inclined that the more moxa size was large, the more the heating and heat retaining periods were long and the maximum temperature was high. The characteristics of moxa combustion is primarily by the rate of combustion temperature, gradient temperature and duration of combustion, and their correlation among these factors and their clinical effects in practice.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1969

The effects of some chemicals for the germinative stimulation of Clostridium chauvoei spore studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Cooked meat medium (CMM) was superior to Liver-liver bouillon (LLB) for cultivation of the organisms. 2. Heating the organisms at $70^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes prior to cultivation in CMM stimulated the germination rate. 3. The addition of 0.5mM L-alanine to CMM was found to be most effective for the rapid germination of the spores. 4. The addition of 0.2 mM D-alanine to CMM inhibited the germination of the spores even if the spores were heat treated. 5. The addition of 0.1mM manganese retarded the germination time, but the final germination rate was greater with 0.1mM manganese than with 0.5mM L-alanine. 6. The addition of both 0.5mM L-alanine and 0.1mM manganese stimulated the germination rate to 100 per cent. 7. The germination rate was greater with the addition of germination stimulants than without any stimulants. The germination rate was approximately 6 per cent greater with prior heat treatment than without heat treatment. 8. The optimum time for the harvest of vegetative forms of the organisms was 15 hours after cultivation in the media which contain suitable germination stimulants.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between heat transmission and intervention factors for warm acupuncture (such as features of acupuncture material and moxa, the treatment method, and clinical symptoms). Methods: Korean, English, Chinese and Japanese databases were analysed. Experimental studies that explored the association between thermal stimulation delivery and warm acupuncture intervention factors were included. The peak temperature, time to reach the peak temperature, and time of the effective stimulus, were set as the major parameters and analysed. Results: A total of 12 studies were included. Two studies were associated with the acupuncture needle material, 4 studies associated with the moxa mass, 1 study associated with the moxa density, 2 studies associated with the location of ignition, and 1 study associated with treatment environment were reviewed. The reporting quality of the 12 studies was low. Conclusion: This study provided limited information because of the heterogeneity of materials and parameters depending on each experiment. Further studies should clarify the correlation between heat transmission and intervention factors for warm acupuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2011

Objectives : In this research, relatively the characteristic in the combustion according to the brands of the commercial indirect moxibustion is compared and the commercial indirect moxibustion is standardized and this result tries to be provided as necessary basic data. Methods : After adhering to the agarose gel surface in which the thermocouple is inserted, 6 kinds of commercial indirect moxibustion were burnt off and the burning behaviour of the commercial indirect device and heat quantity of stimulus was compared. Results : 1. The form of combustion did not have a difference in 6 kinds of commercial indirect moxibustion combustion. 2. As to the miximum temperature, 'Seoam' and 'Dongbang' was higher than 'Baekryoung' and 'Taeyang'. 3. It was long so that the highest temperature reaching time of 'Seoam' could note in comparison with the other brands. And the highest temperature reaching time of 'Baekryoung' was short to note in comparison with the other brands. 4. As to the quantity of heat stimulus, 'Seoam' was the biggest and 'Baekryoung' was the smallest. 5. The quantity of heat stimulus of 'Dongbang' was the most stable. Conclusions : In this research, relatively the form of combustion of 6 kinds of commercial indirect moxibustion and heat quantity of stimulus were compared. It desires to anticipate the result that it makes the skin.