• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.378-386
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• 2010

Nowadays there has been great interest in using heat treated cast material for press dies due to several advantages like reduction in die production costs. However, in hot press forming processes H13 forged tool steel is mostly used. Cooling performance of dies in hot press forming processes is considered as an important factor of study and also the IHTC parameter between cast material die and sheet metal should be considered as an essential. In the present study, the IHTC was calculated for the sheet metal in the hot press forming process with cast and forged material dies. The temperature measurements were performed for the sheet metal, casting and forged material dies by applying various contact pressure in hot press forming. IHTC was calculated and studied by adopting the inverse heat convection method in DEFORM-2D. Each IHTC was considered as a function of contact time and contact pressure. The experimental data were compared with calculated data obtained from the proposed equation and references.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.186-189
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• 2008

The flex plate, an automotive part which mounts to the automotive engine to transfer torque to transmission, should have considerable hardness and shape accuracy. As a way to produce the flex plate, the hot press forming technology which takes advantages of high formability at elevated temperature, enhanced strength and shape stability was introduced. Therefore, as one of major process parameters the heat treatment condition should be determined to obtain appropriate hardness in the range of manufacturer's specifications. In this study, two heat treatments, austempering and quenching and tempering (QT), were compared as feasible conditions fur the hot press forming of high-carbon tool steel and the hardness and toughness after heat treatments were evaluated. The study showed that both heat treatments resulted in improved hardness but only quenching and tempering showed practicable range of toughness.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.364-370
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• 2011

Currently, there are two main issues regarding the development of core technologies in the automotive industry: the development of environmentally friendly vehicles and securing a high level of safety in the event of an accident. As part of the efforts to address these issues, research into alternative materials and new car body manufacturing and assembly technologies is necessary, and this has been carried out mainly by the automotive industries. Large press molds for producing car body parts are made of cast iron. With the increase of automobile production and various changes of design, the press forming process of car body parts has become more difficult. In the case of large press molds, high hardness and abrasive resistance are needed. To overcome these problems, we attempted to develop a combined heat treatment process consisting of local laser heat treatment followed by plasma nitriding, and evaluated the characteristics of the proposed heat treatment method. From the results of the experiments, it has been shown that the maximum surface hardness is 864 Hv by the laser heat treatment, 953 Hv by the plasma nitriding, and 1,094 Hv by the combined heat treatment. It is anticipated that the suggested combined heat treatment can be used to evaluate the durability of press mold.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.961-967
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• 2009

In order to examine the availability of heat treatment for color developing in persimmon dyeing, the rayon fabrics dyed with persimmon extract from unripe persimmon which was used after stock and fermentation. Dyed fabrics were heated at various temperature and time by contacting press heat and drying heat. Color developing results were influenced by the difference of heating method. Press heating method is more available than drying heat method. Effect of temperature and time on ${\Delta}Ea^*b^*$ and color values of dyed rayon fabrics was considerable. Considering the practical aspect, The temperature around $140{\sim}160^{\circ}C$ and the time no longer 40 minutes can be reach the region of the full color developing by press heating process. It was very shortened than any other method(drying air heat, xenon radiation, sunlight). The dyed rayon fabrics with heat treatment have darker and deeper red-yellow color than which by sunlight and xenon radiation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 1994

This study was executed to find the applicability of press drying of tree disk by investigating the shrinkage and drying defect and to form appropriate model by comparing the actual moisture content(MC) and internal temperature in respect of drying time with calculated values based computer simulation to which was applied finite difference method. In press drying disk, heating period, constant drying rate period maintained plateau temperature at 100$^{\circ}C$ and falling drying rate period were significantly distinguished. Actual MC and internal temperature were analogous to those calculated at comparing points. Heat transfer model formed by Fourier's law using specific heat of moist wood and conduction coefficient considering fractional volume of each element of wood cell wall, bound water, free water and air showed applicability as basic data to developing heat expansion, shrinkage and drying stress during press drying. Also mass transfer model formed by Fick's diffusion law using water vapor diffusion coefficient showed applicability. Longitudinal shrinkage was developed by pressure of hot press and tangential shrinkage was restrained by hygrothermal recovery. The heart check, surface check and ring failure were occurred differently in species, but V-shaped crack didn't develop.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2013

The heat transfer characteristics between die and sheet and die and coolant are important parameters in hot press forming process. The determination of the quenching time that guarantees full martensitic transformation requires proper understanding of these heat transfer characteristics. The contact area changes drastically during the quenching process due to volume changes of both die and sheet by temperature drop as well as phase transformation. Several types of modeling techniques are tested in order to select the most suitable. The effect of quenching time as well as die heat conductivity on martensitic transformation is investigated and predictions are compared to experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 2008

The production of automotive chassis parts requiring both high hardness and good shape-holdability is better realized by using press quenching technology, comprising the austenitizaton and the subsequent press quenching in a specially designed stamping tool. The effect of press quenching mold shape on the hardness distribution, bending height, and degree of planeness of automotive flexible plate during press quenching and tempering has been investigated. The preferable shape of the projections of punch and die in contact with the flexible plate was close to oval to improve the flow of cooling oil, leading to the higher hardness. The press quenching mold with three separate parts was more effective to control the dimensional change due to thermal deformation during press quenching. Some decrease in the bending height during tempering may be related to some recovery of the residual stress at $400^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.166-169
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• 2001

22,000 Ton hydraulic press was developed using wire winding method. The hydraulic press consists of three piece of frame type. The outer layers of yoke-column frame and main cylinder linear were wound with piano wire(1mm${\times}$4mm) under controlled tension and the total length of wound wire was about 450Km. The developed hydraulic press is used for the forming of heat plate with ultra-large size. To obtain large force with relative small apparatus, high pressure of $1,500 Kgf/cm^2$ was supplied to main cylinder through pressure amplification by booster pump. Therefore sealing technique of main cylinder is so crucial that the seals were made of mitre ring type with super-elastic metal. The press total weight is about 150 tons, which is quite light and compact relative to that of conventional hydraulic press.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.166-173
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• 1996

There are kinds of materials for protective heat shield, i.e.Zn-coated steel, AI-coated steel and aluminum alloy sheets. This study compare formability, corrosion resistance, heat protectability, weight, and cost of these materials for heat protective shield. Generally aluminum alloy sheets are less formable than steel sheets, but A1100 alloy sheet shows almost same press quality of steel parts, using the press dies which producing steel parts. The heat shields using aluminum alloy sheet and steel sheet show almost same heat protectibility. It is the conclusion that Zn-coated merit, and AI-coated steel sheet and aluminum alloy sheet can be used to protect functional corrosion in severely corrosive market area. The material cost of AI-coated steel sheet and aluminum alloy sheet for a mid-size car is almost same, so aluminum alloy sheet is more recommendable in the point of weight reduction of vehicle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.129-133
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• 2000

Vapor oil fer radiator fm press in heat exchangers of air conditioners is carefully considered as the cooling performance can be affected by the residual vapor oil on the surface of radiator fin after fin press working. In this work, vapor oil for radiator fin press was developed in consideration of several properties such as physical characteristics, the rate of volatility, hazardous properties and material compatibility. In addition, it was confirmed that radiator fin press workability adopting the vapor oil and the cooling performance of air conditioner using the radiator fin were good.