• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.376-386
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• 2017

Objectives This case study is about a Taeeumin patient with Parkinson's disease identified as Dry-heat (Joyeol) pattern. In this study, we report significant improvement of motor and non-motor symptoms of this patient after Sasang constitutional medicine treatment. Methods The patient was identified as Taeeumin Dry-heat pattern and treated with Cheongsimyeonja-tang and acupuncture. The Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) was used to assess the overall function of the patient. And the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) was used to assess the change of bradykinesia, tremor and dry mouth after the treatment. Results The UPDRS total score decreased from 145 points to 77 points after 5 weeks treatment. And symptoms of bradykinesia, tremor and dry mouth showed significant improvement in GAS after the treatment. Furthermore, constipation, sleep disturbance, dysuresia and anorexia were reported to be improved after treatment. Conclusions This study shows that Sasang constitutional medicine can be effective treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms caused by Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.359-366
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• 2023

Changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-1.0Al-1.0Zn-0.2Mn-0.5Ca (AZMX1100) alloy sheet manufactured by normal casting and twin roll casting process, were studied according to process and heat treatment. Non-uniform microstructure was observed in the initial sheet produced through both processes, and in particular, tilted dendrites and shifted central segregation were observed in the twin roll casting sheet. It was homogenized through hot rolling and heat treatment, and heat treated at 350℃ and 400℃ to compare the effect of heat treatment temperature. Both sheets were homogenized by the hot rolling process, and the grain size increased as the heat treatment temperature and time increased. It was confirmed that the grain size, deviation, and distribution of the second phase were finer and more homogenized in the TRC sheet. Accordingly, mechanical properties such as hardness, formability, and tensile strength also showed better values. However, unlike other previously reported AZMX alloy systems, it showed low formability (Erichsen value), which was judged by the influence of Al2Ca present in the microstructure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2006

TiAlN coatings are available in various industry fields as a wear resistant coating for high-speed machining, due to its high hardness, excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of TiAlN multilayer coatings is better than that of single TiN coatings. Most of TiAlN coated layers were formed by heat treatment of coating layers with a non-stoichiometric $Ti_xAl_{1-x}N$. In this study, TiAlN coated layer was prepared by R.F magnetron sputtering and investigated the thermal behavior for heat treatment at various temperature in tube furnace. The formation of large particles with porous microstructure and phase change from HCP to FCC were observed on coated layer during heat treatment over $850^{\circ}C$ and it reduced the corrosion resistance of coated TiAlN layers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2019

Impact toughness and fracture behavior were studied in five kinds of non-heat treating steels containing bainite; standard(0.25C-1.5Mn-0.5Cr-0.2Mo-0.15V), high V(0.3V), Ni(0.5Mn-2Ni), W(0.4W instead of Mo), and high C-Ni(0.35C-0.5Mn-2Ni) steels. The good hardness and impact toughness balance was exhibited in the $1100^{\circ}C$-rolled condition, while the impact toughness was deteriorated due to coarse grained microstructure in the $1200^{\circ}C$-rolled condition. The impact toughness decreased with increasing the hardness in all steels studied. The fracture behavior was also basically identical, that is, the fracture area was divided into 3 zones; shear and fibrous zone, fracture transition zone with ductile dimples and cleavage cracks, where the cracks initiate and grow to critical size, unstable cleavage fracture propagation zone. The energy absorbed for the critical crack formation through the plastic deformation inside the plastic zone in front of the notch root contributed to a mostly significant portion of the total impact energy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

Transformation behavior and hardness change were studied in five kinds of self-control steels; standard, high V, modified Ni, W, and high C-Ni steels. In the cooling rates of $10-100^{\circ}C/min$, the primary ferrite and bainite were formed, and the amount of the former increased with decreasing cooling rate. The bainite transformation temperature, Bs, was measured as 570, 560, 590, 575, and $565^{\circ}C$ in experimental steels, respectively, which was similar to the calculated temperature. The self-control, that is, the consistency in hardness, was observed, in which the hardness increased with the decrease in Bs. In the case of hot compression testing, the lower temperature deformation led to the enhancement in hardness.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2002

In order to study the reaction behavior of bovine holo- and apo-$\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$-La) during heat treatment at 65~10$0^{\circ}C$, the samples were analysed by first (ID)-and second-dimensional (2D) native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Native-PAGE) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-PAGE. When bolo-$\alpha$-La or apo- $\alpha$ -La were heated, they formed non-native, monomers, dimers and trimers. The apo-$\alpha$-La was more heat-sensitive than holo-$\alpha$-La. The monomers seemed to have the same composition as the native $\alpha$-La, but many of the disulfide bonds could be non-native.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.552-557
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• 2005

Effect of pre- and post-mild heat treatment on quality of fresh-cut potatoes was investigated with the focus on surface color, firmness, phenolics, vitamin C and sensory characteristics. As the pre-heat treatment before cutting of potatoes, dried hot air (DH) and hot water (WH) treatment were conducted at $45^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, respectively. As a post-heat (CH) treatments, potato cubes were dipped into water of $55^{\circ}C$ for 45 seconds after cutting. The potato cubes were packed in 15 cm x 20 cm LDPE pouches $30^{\mu}m$ thick and then stored at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The respiration rate of fresh-cut potatoes was decreased by mild heat treatment Especially, the rate of cubes treated with DH was decreased by $20\%$ compared to that of the non-heat treated. L value of cubes treated with DH showed higher value than that of others. Firmness and free phenolics had no significant difference between the treatments. The fresh-cut potatoes prepared with non-heat treatment showed higher vitamin C content than that of the heat treated. In sensory visual color, CH treated cubes marked the best quality. Conclusively, mild heat treatment, especially CH treatment, showed positive effect on browning inhibition and quality enhancement of fresh-cut potatoes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.162-168
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• 2011

In this research, nitrogen plasma source ion implantation(PSII) of non-coated tungsten carbide endmill tools was conducted with low heat treatment for increasing wear resistance. After the low heat treatment of PSIIed tools to give a homogeneity of wear resistance, the surface modification of tools was analyzed by hardness test, surface roughness and cutting forces. As for the resultant cutting forces, low heat treatment in temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ and $500^{\circ}C$ is stable because of low cutting resistance. The 20-minutes heat treated tool at spindle speed 25000rpm has superiority of surface roughness, Ra of $0.420{\mu}m$ and was found to have good wear resistance. The higher hardness value was obtained by increasing temperature from $300^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$ for PSIIed tools with low heat treatment. As the PSIIed tools under 10minutes at temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ have the highest hardness as Hv of 2349.8, It was analyzed that temperature processing give much influences on hardness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.400-403
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• 2004

A non-heat기leafed steel does not need quenching and tempering processes that are called a heat treatment differently from conventional steel. Since the tensile strength of this steel is higher than 900MPa, a conventional forming process should be changed to incremental forming process such as a cross wedge rolling that requires lower load capacity than conventional ones. In this paper, the cold cross wedge rolling (CWR) die has been designed using CAD/CAE In order to produce near-net-shaped component of ball stud of non-heat-treated cold steel. Finite element analyses were applied in order to investigate process parameters of CWR. Results provide that the stretching angle and the forming angie at knifing zone in CWR process is important parameter to be the stable process under the low friction coefficient condition.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.573-579
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• 2009

Titanium/aluminum/stainless steel(Ti/Al/STS) clad materials have received much attention due to their high specific strength and corrosion-resisting properties. However, it is difficult to fabricate these materials, because titanium oxide is easily formed on the titanium surface during heat treatment. The aim of the present study is to derive optimized cladding conditions and thereupon obtain the stable quality of Ti/Al/STS clad materials. Ti sheets were prepared with and without pre-heat treatment and Ti/Al/STS clad materials were then fabricated by cold rolling and a post-heat treatment process. Microstructure of the Ti/Al and STS/Al interfaces was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and an Energy Dispersed X-ray Analyser(EDX) in order to investigate the effects of Ti pre-heat treatment on the bond properties of Ti/Al/STS clad materials. Diffusion bonding was observed at both the Ti/Al and STS/Al interfaces. The bonding force of the clad material with non-heat treated Ti was higher than that with pre-heat treated Ti before the cladding process. The bonding force decreased rapidly beyond $400^{\circ}C$, because the formed Ti oxide inhibited the joining process between Ti and Al. Bonding forces of STS/Al were lower than those of Ti/Al, because brittle $Fe_3Al$, $Al_3Fe$ intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface of STS/Al during the cladding process. In addition, delamination of the clad material with pre-heat treated Ti was observed at the Ti/Al interface after a cupping test.