• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.473-481
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fad dieting status and needs of nutrition education on healthy dieting in male and female collegians according to the desired loss weight. The subjects were 611 students (287 males, 324 females) from universities in Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces in Korea. The subjects were divided into the following four groups based on the difference between their current body weight and their desired body weight: no desired weight loss (WL0), desired weight loss less than 5 kg (WL5), desired weight loss 6 to 10 kg (WL10), and desired weight loss more than 11 kg (WL11). The fad dieting status was surveyed using a questionnaire about 11 selected trendy dieting methods. The higher desired weight loss group showed higher current weight and BMI in both males and females. Self weight overestimation was higher in the females than in the males, and in the WL10 group than in the other groups of males. As desired loss weight increased, weight loss trials and experienced trendy dieting types increased in both males and females. In the male subjects, the experience of the half meal diet and the chicken breast diet was significantly associated with the desired loss weight. In females, trials of more trendy diet types including the half meal diet, cereal diet, fasting, and Atkins diet were significantly associated with the higher desired loss weight. The need for nutrition education on healthy dieting was high among all the different desired weight loss groups, showing that a minimum of 60% of subjects in each group answered 'necessary and strongly necessary', with the highest in the WL11 group in both males and females. From these results, desired loss weight is associated with higher current weight status, unhealthy weight control practices, and needs for nutrition education in both male and female subjects. Therefore, in the future, nutrition education programs should give greater attention to providing healthy dieting methods for young collegians who desire more weight loss.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.244-255
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to describe and develop the female university students' healthy dieting. Methods: The data were collected from 9 female students sampled from two universities. The grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin (1990) was applied. Results: As a result, 40 concepts, 16 subcategories, and seven categories were deduced from open coding. Emerged seven major categories were as followings: (1) Recognizing of general health condition, (2) Try to actively participate on social activities, (3) Searching for continuous healthy exercising methods, (4) Utilizing of social support system for healthy dieting, (5) Making an individual healthy rhythms, (6) Exhibiting abilities of self-control, (7) Charging self-confidences. The periods of process were divided into 4 stages, the phase of facing self-health, the phase of searching living conditions, the phase of developing individual strategies, and the phase of forming self-confidence. The core variable, "discovering self competencies" incorporated the relationship between and among all categories and explained the process. Conclusion: This study had described the process of healthy dieting of female university students in Korea. These findings have important implications for health promotion of the female university students and can be utilized as material for developing health programs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The obese population is rapidly increasing because of reduced physical activity and a Westernized diet; consequently, various chronic diseases are more prevalent. With the increasing interest in body shape and appearance, research on body shape perceptions and accompanying weight control behaviors are needed for healthy weight management. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on randomly selected 536 (209 men and 327 women) aged 20 to 65 years. Body mass index (BMI), body-shape perception, weight control behavior, quality of sleep, and place of residence were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using complex design in each groups. Collected data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 statistical package, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: When these two variables were divided into four groups, they were found to influence dieting attempts. People with abnormal weights who were dissatisfied with their body shapes attempted dieting 5.23 times more than those with healthy weights and satisfaction with their body shapes. Further, those with normal weights but dissatisfaction with their bodies attempted dieting 4.45 times more than those who were satisfied with their shapes. Subjects in their 20s attempted dieting 2.53 times more than those in their 30s and 40s, and female subjects attempted dieting 2.24 times more than male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A correct perception of one's shape can be an important factor for dietary behavior, as body shape perceptions and dieting attempts are strongly related. Additionally, healthy weight management and nutrition education are important elements to incorporate into a weight control program aimed at preventing excessive weight control behaviors and promoting correct perceptions of body shape.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the recognition of body image and food behavior factors according to the BMI. The subjects of this study were 242 7th grade students resided in San Francisco area. The degree of recognition for self-estimated physique of subjects by gender and by race showed no significant differences by gender but significant differences by race, showing that 20.0% was considered as underweight in Asian and 7.5% was considered as underweight in White students. This showed the same tendency as actual physique status (BMI). Also, the ratio of being recognized as more than overweight was 17.3% in Asian, 23.3% in Hispanic, and 13.4% in White students. In case of female students, the ratio of dieting experience was 63.3%, and 49.3% of White students and 63.3% of Hispanic students experienced dieting. In case of students answered not healthy, their body weight were significantly higher than those answered as healthy, and the BMI was also over 19, showing significant differences. Thus cases that answered as not healthy had greater body weight and BMI. Also it showed that frequent dieting experience is related to higher height and weight. The analysis of food behavior factors perceived by body shape showed that the group perceived itself as overweight consumed more 'fast food' but had low scores in 'vegetables' intake, with frequent intake of 'soda' and tendency to 'overeat'. Also, the tendency for 'balanced life' was significantly lower and for skipping breakfast was significantly higher, suggesting problematic food behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.258-268
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of fad dieting as a method to lose weight among male and female college students. A total of 710 students participated in this study. Fad dieting was surveyed using a questionnaire about 11 fad diet methods. The mean age of the subjects was 21.4 years for males and 20.4 years for females. The proportion of students who had experience trying to lose weight was 52.8% for males and 78.6% for females (p<0.001). The diet method employed by the highest number of participants was the half meal diet (27.6% for males, 43.9% for females), followed by the cereal diet (8.8% for males, 43.9% for females), fasting (9.9% for males, 21.4% for females), and the chicken breast diet (13.1% for males, 9.2% for females). The female students were more likely than the males to try fad diets other than the chicken breast diet and the Atkins diet. The most frequent side effect of fad dieting was the yo-yo effect, followed by binge eating, weakness, anemia, and so on. The proportion of students who indicated that nutrition education is needed for healthy dieting was 39.1% for males and 45.4% for females. From these results, we concluded that a high percentage of college students attempt to lose weight through fad diets, with some gender differences. Therefore, in the future, nutrition education programs should focus more attention on providing healthy dieting methods to young college students to help them lose weight.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.178-187
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare dietary habits, weight control behaviors, eating disorder risk and depression among middle school girls who were at various stages of dieting. Methods: Subjects were 391 girls attending a middle school in Kyeonggido, Korea. All the information was gathered by self-administered questionnaires. Eating disorder risk and depression were assessed using EAT-26 and PHQ-9, respectively. Data were compared among 4 groups; no interest in a diet (N=112), had experienced dieting (N=86), on diet currently (N=71), and plan to diet (N=122). Results: A higher number of students currently on diet tended to be unsatisfied with their own weight (p < 0.01), overestimated their weight (p < 0.05), and weighed own body frequently (p < 0.001), compared to those with only experienced dieting in the past or those who plan to diet, despite similar weights and body mass index. The students who experienced dieting in the past or those who plan to diet appeared to have several undesirable as well as desirable dietary habits and their risk of eating disorder was significantly more prevalent compared to those without an interest in dieting (p < 0.01), although significantly less prevalent compared to those currently on a diet. Conclusions: We conclude that unnecessary dieting is common among middle school girls and providing proper education with regard to healthy weights is needed to enhance their physical as well as psychological wellbeing.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.241-250
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to compare weight control behaviors, eating disorder risk, and depression in female adolescents according to dieting experience during the last year. The subjects were 707 students attending a girls' high school in Seoul, and all the information was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Eating disorder risk and depression were determined by using EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26) and PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), respectively. Data were compared between subjects with experience of dieting (320) and those without (387). More of the subjects with dieting experience were unsatisfied with their own body weights (76.9% vs. 44.2%, P<0.01) and weighed themselves frequently (P<0.01) compared to those without diet experience. EAT-26 ($11.63{\pm}8.3$ vs. $5.99{\pm}4.7$, P<0.01) and PHQ-9 scores ($7.05{\pm}4.6$ vs. $6.00{\pm}4.4$, P<0.01) were higher in subjects with dieting experience compared to their counterparts. Therefore, we concluded that dieting is associated with several undesirable psychological aspects such as eating disorder risk and depression in adolescent girls, and thus providing proper education is urgently needed to emphasizing importance of healthy weight and the danger of unnecessary dieting.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the rates of overweight and obesity (BMI$\geq$25), and eating attitudes among college students. Data were collected at a large southeastern university. Adolescents (ages 18-25) self-reported weight and height (to calculate BMI), and, in addition to demographic information, completed the eating attitudes (EAT 26) scale to assess dieting tendencies. Significance of the mean BMI differences between gender and ethnic background were assessed by one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Chi-square was used to determine whether the rate of those with BMI$\geq$25 between gender and ethnic background was statistically significant. While 52.7% of the students' BMI were within the normal weight category, 15.2% were underweight, 21.3% were overweight, and 10.8% were obese. The rate of BMI$\geq$25 differed by gender and ethnicity, with males and African Americans having higher rates. About 12 % of the participants reported disturbed eating behavior, which is lower than previously reported. Even so, results support the generally held belief that disturbed eating attitudes and unhealthy dieting are common among college students, especially among females. At the same time, disturbed eating attitudes are not just the domain of young female students; about 10% of college males reported disturbed eating attitudes. Findings of this study call for obesity prevention/intervention and lifestyle modification outreach programs among college students. Weight status and unhealthy eating behaviors of college. students should be a concern to health care professionals. While obese young adults will likely remain obese throughout their adult life, excessive dieting among students, which is linked to eating disorders and other health hazards, does not provide healthy and adequate alternatives for maintaining a normal BMI. Implications for obesity prevention programs are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.504-514
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to describe the process of healthy dieting and develop a substantive theory that explains lifestyle in obese male college students. Methods: The participants were 11 students who had participated in self-dieting program in a health center. Data were collected with in-depth interviews and analyzed by grounded theory in Strauss and Corbin (1990). Results: Through analyzing process, 36 concepts, 18 subcategories, and nine categories were deduced. In axial coding, casual condition, 'shrinking themselves' and 'oriented to selfish lifestyle', context condition, 'distress in mutual understanding' impacted on phenomenon, 'making health with autonomous living pattern'. Intervening conditions were 'practicing with active measures' and 'growing the willpower' and action-interaction condition, 'devoting realistic plan with positiveness' totally lead to consequence in 'regaining social relationship' and 'pursuing harmonious sound of mind and body'. The periods of process were divided four stages, reflecting self-characteristics, situational copping phase, applying period realistic strategies, and developing phase of social relationship. The core category, 'developing communication competency' incorporated the relationship between and among all categories and explained the process. Conclusion: The findings indicate that self leading health program helped to develop the communication competency. Therefore, we would consider about internalized motives and external incentives in health programs.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.310-319
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• 2007

Purpose: The descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of eating behavior to depression, trait anger, anger expression, Behavior Activation System(BAS) and Behavior Inhibition System(BIS) in adolescent women. Method: 437 women aged 15 to 18 years were recruited from two high schools located in Seoul, Korea. The instruments used were SCL's depression scale, Spielberger's state trait anger expression inventory-Korean version for trait anger and anger expression, the Korean-BAS/BIS scale for behavior activation system and behavior inhibition system, and Eating Attitude Test(EAT-26) for eating behavior. Results: The score of EAT significantly correlated with depression, trait anger, anger expression, BAS and BIS. The EAT score also had a significant relationship with anger-in and anger-out. Depression only correlated with the dieting among factors of EAT, Trait anger, anger-in and anger-out showed a significant correlation with EAT factors such as dieting and oral control. BAS significantly correlated with dieting; whereas, BIS revealed a relationship with bulimia/food preoccupation. Conclusion: Based on this results, various variables need to be included for a nursing intervention program leading to healthy diet behaviors of adolescent women.