• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.515-524
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and duration of smoking on gingival symptoms in adolescents. Methods: We used the web-based survey data of youth health behaviors from 2016 conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The subjects of the study were 67,983 middle and high school students. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS Ver 20.0 program, and complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze gingival symptoms according to short- or long-term smoking habits. Results: In subjects with short-term smoking habits, there was no significant difference in gingival symptoms according to the smoking amount. However, after adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and oral health behaviors in subjects with long-term smoking habits, a heavy smoking amount (${\geq}0.52PY$) had a 1.25 times higher effect than a light smoking amount (<0.52 PY) on gingival symptoms. Long-term heavy smoking (${\geq}0.52PY$) and low daily tooth-brushing frequency in high school students were factors affecting gingival symptoms. Conclusions: When conducting a project on the oral health of adolescents, it is argued that specific investigations and measures should be set up regarding health behavior factors, such as the amount and duration of smoking among adolescents.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relations among health behaviors, health symptoms and physical fitness of people in the same community. Method: The study was designed as a descriptive survey and the participants were 1,621 healthy people. Data were collected from March to December, 2003 using a structured questionnaire on health behaviors, health symptoms and physical fitness. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, $\chi^2$-test, t-test, two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using SPSS/PC. Results: The result of multiple regression showed that sex, age, and BMI were related to physical fitness. In health-related physical fitness, regular exercise was related to cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility, and daily caffeine intake was related to muscular endurance. In performance-related physical fitness, having breakfast regularly was related to power, daily caffeine intake was related to agility, and regular lifestyle and health symptoms were related to balance. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study suggests that for better physical fitness, nursing strategies and intervention programs should include physical fitness-related factors, and education programs should be developed based on the above parameters to promote positive perception of physical fitness.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the effect of air pollution on the daily respiratory symptoms of elementary school children in Seoul. Methods : Using the panel study design, we collected diary data for the children's respiratory symptoms during the 1st day$\sim$15th day of April, July, October and December in 2003 among the 2nd and 3rd grade elementary school students. We merged the respiratory symptom data with the ambient air pollution data that was monitored by Ministry of Environment. Using a generalized estimate equation, we evaluated the relationship between the daily symptoms of the subjects and the exposure to ai r pollution after controlling for various potential confounders. Results : The nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure of the current day significantly increased the upper respiratory symptoms (adjusted odds ratio=1.12, 95% CI=1.01-1.24) and the lower respiratory symptoms (adjusted odds ratio=1.18, 95% CI=1.06-1.31) in the elementary school children. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) exposure in the current day was associated with the lower respiratory symptoms (adjusted odds ratio=1.12, 95% CI=1.01-1.25 for SO2; adjusted odds ratio=1.16, 95% CI=1.02-1.32 for CO). Conclusions : We found that exposure to air pollution affects the daily respiratory symptoms in children. This study suggests that the effect on children's health? due to the short term changes in air pollution levels needs to be considered as an important public health problem.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.483-492
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• 2013

The study aimed to understand how general characteristics, health consciousness and health behavior of college students are related to physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, self-esteem, social support and the students' satisfaction with college life while it examined how self-esteem and social support are affected by the physical symptoms and psychological symptoms as depression and anxiety and the college life satisfaction. According to the results from path analysis, age, with the social support as a medium, appeared to have had a positive influence on the students' satisfaction with college life while physical symptoms, depression and anxiety had been found, with self-esteem and social support as a media, to affect the students' campus life satisfaction, with physical symptoms positively while depression and anxiety negatively. In conclusion, the study verified mediated effects, sizes and paths of both self-esteem and social support when they are related to physical symptoms, psychological symptoms and college students' satisfaction with their campus life.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between menopausal symptoms and spiritual well-being. In order to collect the research data, 350 questionaries were sent to the middle aged women who were 40-59 years old. During the collection period, March 20, 1977-April 20, 1977, 264 questionaries were collected. The questionnaire was prepared by using other researchers' scale, such as menopausal symptom scale by Neugarton and spiritual well-being scale by Paloutzian & Ellison. The research data were analyzed by various testable methods, such as frequency, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. The main results of this study were as follows ; Among the general characteristic variables, some variables have statistical significancy in explaining the difference of the menopausal symptoms. Such variables include age(F=5.17, p=0.002), years get married(F=4.23, p=0.002), number of children(F=3.08, p=0.028), income level of family(F=3.07, p=0.017), life style at leisure time(F=2.47, p=0.045). Some variables related to health condition could explain the differences of the menopausal symptoms among middle aged women. current menstruation stage(F=9.82, p=0.000), current health condition(F=9.82, p=0.000), and experience being operated in the past(F=9.82, p=0.000) are related to the menopausal symptoms. Serious menopausal symptoms which could be found in this study were 'back pain and joint pains(2.6)', nervousness(2.4), and psychosomatic symptom(1.97). Spiritual well-being inquiries could be classified into two subgroups, existential and religious. The mean score of existential well-being(3.04) was higher than that of religious well-being(2.76). Relatively higher existential well-being(3.10) was found in the women who have stable menstruation cycle. The age when the menopause began was related to spiritual well-being(F=3.29, p=0.046). The correlation between menopausal symptoms and spiritual well-being was statistically significant(r=-0.133, p=0.031). Based on the above results, nursing intervention program of menopausal symptoms is recommended in order to promote the health of middle-aged women.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.100-111
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• 2022

Purpose: Based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS), this study aimed to examine the direct effect of antecedent factors on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its indirect effect via symptoms in Korean women during the late menopausal transition (MT) and early postmenopause. Methods: This cross-sectional survey employed a descriptive correlational research design. The respondents were 152 middle-aged women 40 to 60 years with an intermenstrual interval of 60 days or more (late MT) or less than 5 years from the last menstrual period (early postmenopause). The respondents were recruited through convenience sampling in Busan, Korea, from December 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. Based on the TOUS, self-report data were collected on perceived health status, psychological distress, social support, menopausal symptoms, and HRQoL. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Hayes' PROCESS macro. Results: TOUS was supported on this sample (n=152) of Korean women during the late MT and early postmenopause. Perceived health status, psychological distress, and social support had significant direct relationships with HRQoL. Menopausal symptoms had significant indirect relationships between antecedent factors (perceived health status, psychological distress, and social support) and partially mediated HRQoL. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that menopausal symptoms play an important role as an intervening factor of HRQoL in women during the late MT and early postmenopause. Therefore, women need an integrated program that manages antecedent factors and menopausal symptoms to improve HRQoL in these menopausal stages.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2023

Menstrual cycle irregularity reflects the reproductive health of women of childbearing age, but studies are scant on women in communities. In this study, we identified factors associated with menstrual cycle irregularity among 884 community women of childbearing age (19-40 years) and confirmed the relationship between menstrual cycle irregularity and depressive symptoms. Data were collected through online or mobile platforms. We noted that 25% of participants had menstrual cycle irregularity. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age, irregular eating, and depressive symptoms were associated with menstrual cycle irregularity. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants with depressive symptoms were at a slightly higher risk of menstrual cycle irregularity (odds ratio = 1.078, confidence interval = 1.021-1.139). Additional support be provided for community-living women of childbearing age with depressive symptoms, to improve their reproductive health

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a health education program to improve knowledge about environmental health and allergy symptoms among elementary school students. Methods: This study has nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants of this study were 60 elementary students (30 experimental and 30 control) who agreed to participate in the study. The education program consisted of information on environmental health and allergies, the atmosphere, indoor environments, food and allergies, and activities with parents. The program was carried out one time (50 minutes) per week during 6 weeks. Knowledge and symptoms of allergies were recorded before and after the program among both groups. The collected data were analyzed by ANCOVA and t-test using SAS program. Results: There was a significant increase in knowledge about allergies in the experimental group compared to the control group, but allergic symptoms were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that environmental health education programs are effective in the area of school health nursing for increasing knowledge about environmental health and allergies. Further research is needed to develop programs for reducing allergic symptoms as an environment health problem among children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.606-618
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the level of Symptoms of Stress, Stress Reaction, Health Promoting Behavior, and Quality of Life in Korean Immigrant Middle Aged Women. The subjects of this study were 33 middle aged women who live in Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. Data collection was performed at the U.W from Oct. 1998 to May. 1999. Data collection time was one hour and data was collected through 4 types of questionnaires : SOS, Health Promoting Behaviors, Quality of Life and Demographic data form, and the Physiologic Stress Profile was collected by J&J I-410 biofeedback equipment. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and the pearson correlation coefficient using the SAS program. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The level of physiological stress reaction and stress symptoms showed high level and quality of life showed low in general. 2. The Stress Reaction and Symptoms of Stress showed significant negative correlation with health promoting behavior, quality of life in the middle aged women. 3. The health promoting behavior showed significant positive correlation with quality of life in the middle aged women. In conclusion, the physiological stress reaction, symptoms of stress, and health promoting behavior were major influencing factor to quality of life in Korean Immigrant Women. From the results of the study, the following recommendations are presented as follow: 1. It is suggested that the study for developing the health promotion program focused on stress self-regulation for Korean immigrant women. 2. It is suggested that the comparative study for Korean immigrant women and Women in Korea. 3. It is necessary to broaden the scope of nursing practice for middle aged healthy women, so nurses can include a health promotion program focused on stress self-regulating as part of nursing care.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2011

Purpose: This study is to present substantial data for the development of practicable health related programs with which the dental technicians can enjoy better quality of life. To this end, we have surveyed the self-reported psychosomatic symptoms of the dental technicians in Korea and figured out their current health problems. Methods: Out of the random selection of the registered dental offices of Dental Technicians in Korea, 2,000 working dental technicians were asked to fill out the questionnaire from January 19 to April 30, 2009. We collected the 1,525 sheets of the questionnaire and took frequency analysis, t-test, analysis of variance and structural equation modeling using SPSS Win 12.0 and AMOS program. Results: Concerning the modes of the subjects' appealing of their psychosomatic self-symptoms, scale point of the mental health turned out 18.68, which is higher than the physical health that scored 17.28. In the case of the results from the standardized scores of the sub items, scale point of aggressiveness scored the highest(20.14), whereas that of mouth and annus scored the lowest (15.29). Additionally, the overall satisfaction rates of the health related quality of life was 67.89. Regarding the health related quality of life, self reported mental symptoms(-.736) was more influential than physical symptoms(0.29). Conclusion: The psychosomatic self reported symptoms of the dental technicians proved higher than other occupations, whereas health related quality of life was very low. Consequently, it seems vital to lessen the mental symptoms and the sub items concerned.