• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2004

Dental caries taking place with milk teeth affects eruption of permanent teeth adversely, and thus, it is very important to prevent dental caries from taking place with a child in maintaining his/her physical, mental and emotional health. In this study as conducted to obtain basic data to be required for development of a program for letting preschool children form a habitual life for oral health and right dietary life, a total 172 children aged 5 years and 6 years were selected from children who lived in Hwasung-si, Kyunggi-do and attended preschools (childrens houses) located there with the consent of their guardians. Then, the weight length index (WLI) and blood components of each child were analyzed, and each relation between the weight length index (WLI) and dental caries of milk teeth and between blood components and dental caries of milk teeth was comparatively examined, and thereby, the following results were obtained. When the dmf rate of each group according to the obesity was examined, it was found to be 87.50% in the under-weight group, 71.20% in the normal weight group and 83.87% in the overweight group. And when the dmft rate of each group was examined, it was found to be 48.43% in the under-weight group, 37.10% in the normal weight group and 47.17% in the overweight group. Also, when the dmft index of each group was examined, it was found to be 3.9 in the under-weight group, 3.0 in the normal weight group and 3.8 in the overweight group. That is to say, the under-weight group and the overweight group having an abnormal weight were found to be higher in all of the dmf rate, the dmft rate and the dmft index than the normal weight group. It could be, therefore, known that normal weight should be maintained in order to prevent dental caries of milk teeth. And, it is thought that a right dietary life habit ensuring intake of balanced nutrients should be formed for maintenance of a normal weight. As a result of examining the relation between nutrient components in blood and dental caries of milk teeth, in the case of children with no dental caries, inorganic nutrient components of blood had a tendency to be a little higher, but no statistical significance was observed therein. Meanwhile, it was found that there was a relation between blood type and the dmft index.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.4932-4939
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 한국 대학생들의 음주문화에 대한 전반적인 조사를 하고자 함이다. 연구기간은 2009년 5월 6일부터 10일까지였으며, 300명의 대학생들에게 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사에 사용한 설문지는 성별에 따른 음주관련행태, 절주교육에 대한 인식 및 요구도, 원하지 않는 음주상태, 금주 및 금주이유에 대한 내용으로 구성되었으며, 통계는 SPSS WIN 14.0을 사용하였다. 술을 마시는 중요한 이유는 폭넓은 인간관계를 갖기 위해서였다. 대학생의 50.3%에서 1년에 2회 블랙아웃(blackout)을 경험하였고, 26.0%가 6개월에 2회 경험하였다고 했다. 술 끊기(금주)의 필요성은 금주 관련 문화프로그램을 만드는 것이다. 원하지 않는 음주는 1학년 신입생 환영회에서 가장 많았는데, 선배와 친구들이 신입생에서 과도하게 술을 권하였기 때문이다. 금주를 하는 이유는 건강문제(36.9%), 인간 관계(34.5%), 금전적인 어려움(20.8%)으로 나타났다. 이런 연구 결과를 바탕으로 건전음주 교육 실시, 대학생들의 올바른 음주 문화 조성, 음주로 인한 성폭력, 질병, 음주운전으로 인한 교통사고 예방, 대학생들의 건강증진을 도모하고 금주에 대한 홍보운영이 될 수 있도록 함에 그 목표를 둔다.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1998

This study aims to investigate smoking patterns in high school student and to give student smoker effective information. The sample of 250 male highschool students out of two different schools in Tae-Jon was questioned from July 10th to 15th. 1995. In analyzing these date. the statistics shows the realities by means of number of students. The results are summarized into 17 items as follows. Regarding the level of smoking. 140 students out of 250 admit that they have ever smoked. 52.1% of smoking students say that the motivation of beginning smoking is mainly curiosity. The survey shows that 22.9% of smoking students feel very good when smoking. It also shows that 30.0% of smoking students began smoking in the first grade of high school. With regard to the volume of smoking per day. 41.4% of smoking students smoke variably. 42.1% drink when smoking. 15.0% spend more than W 70.000 a month. About the question who knows the fact of their smoking. 51.5% answer that their friends know the fact of their smoking. In regard to the resaltionship between smoking and school per-formance. 18.2% of non smoking students make poor grades as compared with 40% of smoking students. 9.3% of smoking students say that they are satisfied with the school life. but 35.7% of them are not satisfied. Regarding the attitude to smoking teachers. 35% of smoking students state that they are affected by them. 69.3% of smoking students say that they will stop smoking. while the remaining 30.7% say that they will keep smoking. The reason of 63.9% to stop smoking is that smoking is bad for the health. The reason of 46. 5% to keep smoking is the acquired habit of smoking. 97.2% know the fact that the major element of cigarettes is nicotine and it is very harmful to the health. 40.8% recognize the harmful effect of smoking by TV and radio programs. 97.2% know that smoking could cause lung cancer. From the above results. I propose as follows We should make specific plan to keep smoking by simple curiosity from being developed into habitual smoking. We should teach them how harmful smoking is and make them stop smoking by themselves. It is very essential for family members and teachers to give continuous interest since childhood. As the teacher affect the students very much, they should give up smoking first. The incidence of smoking should be identified in each of the middle and high schools. smoking prohibition programs relevant to each school should be developed and implemented. The local community should ban cigarette vending machines. Cigarettes should not be sold to adolescents. By setting every place where adolescents gather including schools nonsmoking area. we should decrease their impulse to smoke. then smoking opportunities. and harmful effects to them caused by passive smoking.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.570-577
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bone mineral density on life styles, dietary habits and nutrient intakes among the male college students. The subjects were divided into four groups; $Q_1$ (calcaneus BMD < 25 percentile, n = 117), $Q_2$ (25 percentile $\le$ calcaneus BMD < 50 percentile, n = 118), $Q_3$ (50 percentile $\le$ calcaneus BMD < 75 percentile, n = 118) $Q_4$ (calcaneus BMD $\ge$ 75 percentile, n = 116). And they were asked about general characteristics, life style, dietary habit, and nutrient intake using questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. They were measured the bone mineral density of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound. The average age of the subjects of the study was 23.0 yews and the average height, weight, and BMI were 174.7 cm, 69.0 kg, $22.5 kg/m^2$. The bone mineral density in calcaneus was $0.43 g/cm^2$ in $Q_1,\;0.50 g/cm^2$ in $Q_2,\;0.56 g/cm^2$ in $Q_3$, and $0.69 g/cm^2$ in $Q_4$ (p < 0.001). The results showed that $Q_1$ tended to have irregular exercise compared to the other three groups. Compared with $Q_1$ and $Q_2$, the frequency of skipping breakfast was lower in $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. Also the results showed that the $Q_4$ was significantly more often to drink coffee compared with the other three groups (p < 0.01). The mean daily energy intake was 2210.6 kcal ($88.4\%$ of RDA). The intake of energy, vitamin $B_2$, calcium, and zinc did not meet the Korean RDA. Also the $Q_2$consumed significantly lower intakes of protein (p < 0.05) and plant protein (p < 0.05) compared to the $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. The $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ consumed significantly lower intakes of vitamin $B_2$ (p < 0.01) compared to the $Q_3$ and $Q_4$. In conclusion, male student in lower bone mineral density appeared to have unhealthy life styles and dietary habits in terms of irregular exercise, high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower intakes of protein, vitamin $B_2$ showing a strong need proper education on meal practices and exercise habits for the bone health.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2009

본 연구는 구조화된 설문을 통하여 구강건강 유지 및 증진을 위해 구강건강실태를 조사 분석하여 치통을 일으키는 요인을 기반으로 치통예측모형을 개발하였다(n=110). 1. 연구대상자는 총 110명 남성 27명, 여성 83명이었다. 신장 평균은 남성 172.59cm, 여성 161.95cm, 체중 평균은 남성 64.33kg, 여성 53.81kg이었다. BMI (Body Mass Index)는 남성이 $21.58{\pm}1.84$, 여성 $20.51{\pm}2.00$으로 성별에 따라 유의하였다(p=0.004). 2. 식습관0 조사 결과 선호하는 맞은 남성 51.8%가 짠맛을 선호하는 반면, 여성 62.7%는 보통(중간)의 맛을 선호하는 것으로 나타나 성별에 따른 차이가 나타났다(p=0.009). 본인의 식사가 균형이 있는지 인식을 조사한 결과 남성 76.9%는 '그렇다'라고 한 반면, 여성 49.4%만 균형 있는 식사를 하고 있다고 하여 성별에 따른 차이가 있었다(p = 0.011). 3. 운동 및 기호에 대한 조사결과 일주일 동안 운동 시간에 대한 결과 남성 55.6%, 여성 55.5%가 주당 4시간미만 운동하는 것으로 나타났다. 지금 운동의 적절성에 대한 인식 결과 남성 82.6%, 여성 66.7%가 적정한 운동이라고 답하였다. 흡연은 남성 77.8%, 여성 100%가 전혀 흡연을 한 경험이 없는 것으로 나타났다(p < 0.001). 4. 구강 건강 습관 조사결과 조사시점에 치통 유무는 남성 11.5%, 여성 20.7%가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 칫솔질 교육은 남성 55.6%, 여성 69.9%가 받았다고 하였다. 하루 3번 칫솔질하는 횟수는 남성 50.0%, 여성 66.3%로 나타났다. 5. 잇몸수술 경험은 없으며, 칫솔횟수는 하루 4회하며 균형 있는 식습관을 하고 있으며, 약간 단맛을 선호하는 사람이 치통을 더 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 6. 치통 예측 모델링에 대한 결과 신경망 모델을 사용한 상대적 중요도가 높은 독립변수는 선호 맛, 스트레스 합, 흡연 유무, 잇몸수술, BMI, 균형 있는 식사 인식, 나이였으며, 치통발생 모형의 정확도는 88.75%이었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Objective: This study aims to assess the following issues - acquisition level in terms of the information on frequently used drugs of youth, access paths for the information, actual status of the use of drugs frequently used by youth, types of the used drugs, drug abuse among youth, and the consequent drawbacks. This study also takes aims at suggestion of correct role of pharmacists in consideration of drug abuse among youth. Methods: During the period from August 1, 2011 to October 31, 2012, a research design and a question development have been conducted. To the students of the schools that were randomly selected (elementary school's N=99, middle school's N=106, high school's N=115 and university's N=115), it was asked to complete given questionnaire from August 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012. During the period from September 1, 2012 to October 30, 2012, the questionnaires were collected back and the analysis and evaluation of them were carried out. Results: Drugs known to the respondents were a total of 115 different medicines and most of the drugs belonged to over-the-counter drugs. The most well known drug was pain reliever and the second most familiar drug was wound ointment. Most of the respondents found the drugs through direct use and advertisement. In everyday life, more than half of the respondents were using over-the-counter drugs as well as health supplements. The most commonly used drug was analgesic drug. It was showed that the respondents also frequently used the drugs for improving their grades and appearances. It was shown that among the cases of drug use, there were also the cases of misuse and abuse of drugs for the respondents or people around them. Reliability of pharmacists was shown to be high and many students were also satisfied with the pharmacists' guidance for medication. Conclusion: Currently many students are using different kinds of drug in daily life, and there is a possibility that the risk of misuse and abuse of drugs will be increased. Those age groups can easily engage in bad habit of drug use. Thus, promotion on accurate drug information has to be strengthened, and pharmacists are required to conduct correct guidance for drug user's medication in terms of use amount, usage, interactions among different drugs, and potential risks.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Youth is the crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new behavior and practices including dietary habits, that may be influenced by his peers, social circle, nutrition knowledge level and other factors. The increase in awareness of young adults is of special importance from the perspective of health and prevention of obesity related chronic diseases. To measure the nutrition literacy level of university students using the Turkish version of Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). We evaluated their food habits using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) tool and analysed it, if the eating habits were affected by nutrition literacy level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected 276 students studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey. Data was collected by means of ANLS and AFHC tools by face to face interview method. SPSS statistical sofware (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to analyse the obtained data. RESULTS: Participants comprised of 47.1% males and 52.9% females with mean age of $20.0{\pm}1.60years$. Mean body mass index (BMI) was determined as $22.4{\pm}3.76$ ($23.6{\pm}3.63$ males $21.3{\pm}3.57$ females). Functional, interactive and critical nutritional literacy scores for male participants were $22.49{\pm}5.71$, $17.45{\pm}4.84$, and $28.28{\pm}7.13$ respectively (total $64.98{\pm}10.15$). For females the values were $24.66{\pm}5.13$, $20.17{\pm}4.28$, and $32.20{\pm}5.65$ (total $69.72{\pm}8.59$) respectively. For all the three sub-categories of nutrition literacy, the scores acquired by females were significantly higher than males (P < 0.001). In the AFHC tool, the mean score acquired by males were $9.26{\pm}4.18$ whereas for females it was $10.37{\pm}3.40$ significantly higher as compared to males (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The food habits of female participants were better than males; in accordance with their nutrition literacy status. It may be concluded that food habits are influenced by nutrition literacy and therefore stress much be given to increase the nutrition awareness among children youth as well as adults.

• 한국노년학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.941-954
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 일 도시지역 저소득 노인을 75세 미만의 전기노인과 75세 이상의 후기노인으로 구분하여 우울 유병율과 관련요인을 확인하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 60세 이상 국민기초생활보장 수급자로 434명의 전기노인과 206명의 후기노인이다. Yesavage등이 개발한 한국판 노인우울척도(Geriatric Depression Scale)로 측정한 우울의 유병율은 전기노인이 53.9%인데 비해 후기노인이 63.2%로 더 높았다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 전기노인은 주거상태가 자가인 노인에 비해 월세인 노인에서, 자가평가 건강상태가 건강한 노인에 비해 건강하지 못한 노인에서, 규칙적인 여가활동을 하는 노인에 비해 규칙적인 여가활동을 하지 못하는 노인에서, 규칙적인 식습관을 가진 노인에 비해 규칙적인 식습관을 갖지 못하는 노인에서 우울 유병율이 높았다. 이에 비해 후기노인은 사회적 지지가 낮을수록, 자가평가 건강상태가 건강한 노인에 비해 보통이거나 건강하지 못한 노인에서, 규칙적인 여가활동을 하는 노인에 비해 하지 못하는 노인에서 우울 유병율이 높았다. 본 연구에서 국민기초생활보장 수급 노인을 대상으로 우울 유병율과 관련요인이 전기노인과 후기노인 간에 차이가 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 저소득 노인의 우울을 관리하는데 있어 전기노인과 후기노인의 차이에 따라 차별화된 전략을 개발하기 위한 근거가 될 것으로 본다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.833-840
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to obtain baseline data of nutritional management for women's bone health according to age. This study was conducted through questionnaire, bone mineral density(BMD) measurement by DEXA and dietary survey by 24hr recalls to 134 adult women. Subjects were divided into three groups: young women group who aged 20-29(n=48), middle aged women group who aged over 30 and were pre-menopause(n=36), postmenopausal women group(n=48). The body fat percent of postmenopausal women group was the highest among the three groups. BMD of lumbar spine(L1-L2) were $0.93\;g/cm^2$ for young women, $0.97\;g/cm^2$ for middle aged women, and $0.88\;g/cm^2$ for postmenopausal women, respectively(p<0.05). BMD of femoral neck(p<0.05), trochanter(p<0.05), and ward's (p<0.001) were significantly decreased as age increasement. Drinking alcohol and skipping meals were significantly higher in young women groups than in the other groups, however frequency of doing regular exercise was significantly lower in young women groups. Young women group consumed the significantly higher amount of cereals(p<0.05), sugar and sweeteners(p<0.001), meats(p<0.01), eggs(p<0.01), milks(p<0.05) and oils(p<0.001) than middle aged and postmenopausal women. Also, energy(p<0.001), animal protein, (p<0.01), plant oil(p<0.001), animal fat(p<0.001), retinol(p<0.001), vitamin E(p<0.01), and cholesterol(p<0.001) intakes of young women were highest among the three groups. However, young women group consumed the significantly lower amount of dietary fiber(p<0.05), vitamin C(p<0.01), folate(p<0.05) and fruits(p<0.01) than the other groups. To summarized the our results, young women who were in still undergoing bone formation activity to develope peak bone mass, had more dietary habit and lifestyle problems than middle aged and postmenopausal women. The results of this study revealed that nutritional management and education for bone health should be emphasized in young women not only aged women.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.74-100
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• 1989

Inspite of the lots of studies on the harmfulness of cigarette smoking to the body published by many researchers since 1950, cigarette smoking people are increasing in number especially, cigarette smoking by young and women causes a serious problem. Examining the physiological motives of youth shows that, impulse which the youth want to immitate the adults, alluring curiousity, and defiant physiology of escaping from the norm of traditional groups which has been banned are cooperated well compoundly. As the period of the youth is the one which they accumulate knowledge and charactor by learning as well as the period of growth mentally, and physically they should be rightly educated about smoking before they addicted to smoking and it is desirable for us to make the youth to understand how harmfully the smoking is to effect to their growth and mental soundness simply not as a social norm which they should not smoke. The main motive of this study on the attitude of smoking by the youth is to give basic materials related on this field. For this study, 647 questionnaires were used as studying material which were able to analyze among 720 questionnaires of 2 classes of each grade of 3 high schools among the high schools of boys, girls and co-educated in Seoul from Oct. 21, 1988 through Oct. 26, 1988. Study Instrument are graded in Likert's 5 point from 40 questions which are 20 questions m affirmations and 20 questions in negations after analyzing the factors on 60 simple sentence questions which the students showed in preliminary studies. And these are systemized to be measured from 1 point which means they think smoking IS very bad to 5points which means they think smoking is really good. In these collected materials, technical statistics of frequency. percentage, average, standard deviation are used for general character and smoking attitude, $X^2-test$ for examinning Independant variables of physical. emotional, ethical and other areas pearson's coefficient of correlation for related direction and degree" and step­regression analysis for the degree of relative contribution of all variables which effect smoking attitude. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The smoking attitude of high school boys and girls showed average of 1.78 in physical area, 2.63 in emotional area, 2.61 in ethical area, 2.29 in other area respectively in a negative attitude generally also the negative attitude are expressed most strongly in physical area. I've can also say by this results that smoking is harmful to their health and further more it can be judged that this proves the youth in the period of preparation be adults have a strong curiousity in the emotional, ethical and other areas. 2. The most influential variables in each field as related factors effecting smoking attitude of the student can be explained from 13.2 in physical area the lowest experienced variables to 25.2 in emotional area the highest of degree of smoking experience. The fact that the more the smoking experienced students are increasing in number the higher tendency which accept the' smoking tells as the importance of health education about the population of latest student's smoking as important variables shown equally in each area. Those of grade, age, numbers of smoking people in house are showed meaningful in pure interrelation. Those related to the acceptance of teacher's smoking, sex, mothors education are shown meaningful in opposite interrelations. This means that the' increasing number' of smoking people in grade age, the number of smoker in family have a affirmative attitude. And people who are not interested in teacher's smoking wants to quit it, and whose mother's education is higher have a negative attitude. 3. The most negatively answered questions of the smoking attitude In physical, emotional, ethical and other areas are as belows; Firstly too much smoking is harmful to our health is 1.12 point. Secondly smoking have a ill-effect on pregnancy and embryo is 1.13 point. Thirdly smoking is harmful· to our health is 1.27 point. Fourthly smoking in crowed area with the people such as In a bus or subway should be prohibited is 1.27point. Fifthly smoking can ruin lungs is 1.31 point. And the most affirmatively answered questions are also as below; Firstly we showed smoke depending on time and place is 3.96 points. Secondly smoking is just habit is 3.83 points. Thirdly smoking people seem to be unable and deplorable is 3.69 point. Fourthly smoking should be prohibited by law is 3.56 points. Fifthly high school student's smoking is immitation of adults is 3.52 points.