• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the dietary behaviors with 510 high school students (260 males and 250 females) residing in Seoul. The average age of male and female students were 16.3 and 16.4 years old, respectively. Mean height and weight of male students were 174.1 cm and 65.9 kg and those of female students were 161.6 cm and 52.5 kg. The body mass index (BMI) of male and female students were $21.7\;kg/m^2$ and $20.1\;kg/m^2$, respectively, which were within the normal range. Students skipped breakfast more than once a week were 41.1% of males and 44.4% of females. More than 40% of the male and female students skipped breakfast frequently. The mean mini dietary assessment index score of male and female students were 30.6 and 29.6 out of total 50 index scores, respectively. Female students perceived significantly less healthy and fatter than male students. Furthermore, body image satisfaction of the female students was lower than that of male students. Female students were more significantly concerned with body image and desired a thin body shape. Only 22.7% of male students and 6.4% of female students exercised regularly, and the frequency, time, and intensity of exercise in the male students were significantly higher than those of female students.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제26권
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• pp.9.1-9.9
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• 2011

Objectives: In order to evaluate which temperature index is the best predictor for the health impact assessment of heat stress in Korea, several indexes were compared. Methods: We adopted temperature, perceived temperature (PT), and apparent temperature (AT), as a heat stress index, and changes in the risk of death for Seoul and Daegu were estimated with $^1{\circ}C$ increases in those temperature indexes using generalized additive model (GAM) adjusted for the non-temperature related factors: time trends, seasonality, and air pollution. The estimated excess mortality and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) due to the increased temperature indexes for the $75^{th}$ percentile in the summers from 2001 to 2008 were compared and analyzed to define the best predictor. Results: For Seoul, all-cause mortality presented the highest percent increase (2.99% [95% CI, 2.43 to 3.54%]) in maximum temperature while AIC showed the lowest value when the all-cause daily death counts were fitted with the maximum PT for the $75^{th}$ percentile of summer. For Daegu, all-cause mortality presented the greatest percent increase (3.52% [95% CI, 2.23 to 4.80%]) in minimum temperature and AIC showed the lowest value in maximum temperature. No lag effect was found in the association between temperature and mortality for Seoul, whereas for Daegu one-day lag effect was noted. Conclusions: There was no one temperature measure that was superior to the others in summer. To adopt an appropriate temperature index, regional meteorological characteristics and the disease status of population should be considered.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.25-35
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• 2001

In 1990, Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) of 10 pg TCDD/kg/day for dioxins based on carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity was determined by WHO/EURO, that resulted in the establishment of TDIs in other countries. In Japan, Ministry of Health and Welfare and Environment Agency, respectively established the TDI of 10 pg TCDD/kg/day and Health Risk Assessment Index of 5 pg TCDD/kg/day in 1996. Accumulation of new scientific data, especially by molecular toxicology since 1990, resulted in the reevaluation of TDI by WHO-ECEH and IPCS in May, 1998. At this meeting, it was stressed that \circled1 toxic effects of dioxin is mediated through Ah-receptor in both animals and humans, \circled2 use of ebody burdeni concept is better than the use of traditional NOAEL/UF approach, \circled3 inclusion of coplanar PCBs in the TDI by the use of new WHO-TEF. LOAELs (0.16~200 ng TCDD/kg/day) obtained from reproductive toxicity and immunotoxicity in rats, and neurobehavioral toxicity and induction of endometriosis in rhesus monkeys are calculated to be the body burden of 10~50 ng TCDD/kg that is 14~37 pg TEQ/kg/day as human daily intake. Finally TDI of 1~4 pg TEQ/kg/day was established by applying the UF of 10. In Japan, reproductive toxicity and immunotoxicity in rats were used to obtain LOAELs (100~200 ng TCDD/kg/day). Finally TDI of 4 pg TEQ/kg/day was established in June 1999 by applying the UF of 10 to human daily intake of 43.6 pg TEQ/kg/day which corresponds to the body burden of 86 ng TCDD/kg.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition and inflammation are reported as the most powerful predictors of mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Diet has a key role in modulating inflammation and dietary inflammatory index (DII) is a new tool for assessment of inflammatory potential of diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of DII on dietary intake of HD patients and examine the associations between DII and malnutrition-inflammation markers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 105 subjects were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements, 3-day dietary recall, and pre-dialysis biochemical parameters were recorded for each subject. Subjective global assessment (SGA), which was previously validated for HD patients, and malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) were used for the diagnosis of protein energy wasting. DII was calculated according to average of 3-day dietary recall data. RESULTS: DII showed significant correlation with reliable malnutrition and inflammation indicators including SGA (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), MIS (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) in HD patients. When the study population was divided into three subgroups according to their DII score, significant increasing trends across the tertiles of DII were observed for SGA score (P = 0.035), serum CRP (P = 0.001), dietary energy (P < 0.001), total fat (P < 0.001), saturated fatty acids (P < 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.006), and omega-6 fatty acids (P = 0.01) intakes. CONCLUSION: This study shows that DII is a good tool for assessing the overall inflammatory potential of diet in HD patients.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the general health status of radiological technologists by using Todai Health Index(THI) that has been employed as a standard health assessment tool for a specific group. The subjects in this study were 800 radiological technologists who were working in clinics, hospitals and university hospitals in and around Seoul and in some provincial cities. A survey was conducted directly or by mail in June and July, 2001. And the response rate was 68%. Using THI, the following findings were acquired: 1. By gender, both male and female radiological technologists complained about multiple subjective symptom(I) the most. And the women made more significant complaint of eight items including irregular life. 2. By age group, the radiological technologists whose age ranged from 20 to 24 got higher marks in most of the items, including multiple subjective symptom(I) and symptoms related to eyes and skin. 3. For career, those who had worked for a year or less or for one to five years got higher marks in most of the items. 4. Concerning marital status, the unmarried people complained about many items more, and the married people's symptom was more associated with live scale(L). 5. By the type of medical institution, the radiological technologists in the university hospitals got higher marks in two items including aggressiveness(F), but those in the clinics complained about the others more. 6. Regarding a place of service, there were little differences between the radiological technologists in basement and on the ground.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2021

The community structure and health status of macrobenthos assemblages were investigated in the subtidal area of the Nakdong River estuary, Southern Coast of Korea. Benthic fauna samples were collected seasonally at 8 stations in the subtidal area of the Nakdong River estuary from February 2013 to October 2015. During the survey, a total of 380 species and 4,603 ind./m² of macrobenthos in all sampling areas were collected. The major dominant species were the polychaetes Minuspio japonica, Pseudopolydora kempi, Heteromastus filifomis, Capitella capitata, the amphipod Grandidierella japonica and the bivalvia Arcuatula senhousia. Some species of polychaetes found in the study area consisted of opportunistic species that showed high densities when habitat condition was poor. On the other hand, macrobenthos assemblages in the study area were divided into brackish water and marine groups. Abundance was high in the brackish group, while the number of species and diversity index were high in the oceanic group. The three indices (AMBI, M-AMBI, and BHI) in the assessment of health levels based on the ecological characteristics and number of species in macrobenthic were commonly shown to be in good condition in the group of oceanic stations, while relatively poor conditions were reflected in the group of brackish stations. Compared to other indices, the M-AMBI index of the three indices for health assessment was considered to be a relatively more suitable one to assess benthic ecological conditions.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the Turkish adaptation of the COVID Stress Scale (CSS) on the basis of determining the stress caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and to test its validity and reliability. Methods: The English CSS was translated into Turkish using forward and backward translation. Data were collected online from 360 participants. Construct validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and content validity. Pearson product-moment correlation, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, and test-retest methods were used to evaluate reliability. Results: The Turkish version of the CSS has 36 items consistent with the original scale and has five factors: COVID danger and contamination, socioeconomic consequences of COVID, COVID xenophobia, traumatic stress due to COVID, and compulsive checking for COVID. The construct validity of the Turkish version of the CSS was verified by the adjusted goodness of fit index > .85, and comparative fit index > .95. The content validity index of each item was 91%. The corrected item-total correlations of the scale ranged from .51 to .89. Internal consistency was reliable, with a Cronbach's α of .93. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the CSS is valid and reliable. It can be used as a measurement tool for the assessment of COVID-related stress.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

본 연구는 치주질환을 조기에 발견하고 예방하기 위해 20대의 구강보건지식과 구강위생관리능력이 치주건강상태평가에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석함으로써 국민의 구강보건관심도를 높일 뿐 아니라 치주건강증진활동에 지식과 정보를 제공하여 건강하고 효율적인 구강관리를 하는 데 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 조사되었다. 포괄 치위생 관리 및 처치를 위하여 치위생과 실습실을 방문한 20대의 성인 130명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 치주건강상태를 평가하였다. 일반적 특성, 구강보건지식, 구강위생관리능력과 치주건강상태평가의 연관성을 조사 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 성별에 따른 잇솔질(p=0.030)과 구강위생용품(p=0.047)에 대한 구강보건지식은 통계적으로 유의하였고, 여성이 구강보건에 대한 지식이 높게 나타났다. 2. 성별에 따른 잇솔질(p=0.030)과 구강위생용품(p=0.047)에 대한 구강보건지식은 통계적으로 유의하였고 여성이 구강건강에 대한 지식이 높게 나타났다. 3. 성별에 따른 유두변연부착 치은염지수(p=0.047)와 지역사회치주지수(p=0.028)는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 남자의 유두변연부착 치은염지수, 지역사회치주지수는 여자보다 높았다. 학력에 따른 출혈지수(p=0.042)는 통계적으로 유의하였고, 고졸 이하가 가장 높았다. 4. 잇솔질(p=0.030), 치주질환(p=0.024)에 대한 구강보건지식이 치면세균막지수에 미치는 영향이 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 잇솔질에 대한 구강보건지식($\beta$=-0.137)이 증가하면 치면세균막지수가 감소하고, 치주질환에 대한 구강보건지식($\beta$=-0.144)이 증가하면 치면세균막지수가 감소한다. 5. 잇솔질 총 횟수에 따른 유두변연부착 치은염지수는 2회가 가장 높았다. 잇솔질 방법에 따른 치면세균막지수는 묘원법이 가장 높았으며, 횡마법, 회전법 순으로 나타났다. 구강위생용품을 사용하지 않는 경우의 지역사회치주지수와 출혈지수가 구강위생용품을 사용하는 경우보다 높았다. 흡연의 경우 유두변연부착 치은염지수, 지역사회치주지수, 출혈지수가 흡연을 하지 않는 경우보다 높았다. 주 당 음주 횟수에 따른 지역사회치주지수와 출혈지수는 3회 이상이 가장 높았다. 구강보건교육을 경험하지 못한 경우의 유두변연부착 치은염지수가 구강보건교육을 경험한 경우보다 높았다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and metabolic determinants of circulating soluble leptin receptor (CSLR) and free leptin index (FLI) in pre-pubertal obese male children. Methods: We conducted a preliminary cross-sectional study at three tertiary hospitals and one public primary school. Eighty obese male children without growth and developmental abnormalities aged 5-9 years were recruited. In these children, obesity was solely caused by excessive food intake, and not by acute illness, medications, endocrine abnormalities, or any syndrome. Body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, high density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low density lipoprotein cholesterol level, triglyceride level, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance are the potential determinants for leptin regulation, which is represented by CSLR level and FLI. Results: Carbohydrate was the main source of energy. BMI and body fat mass had negative weak correlation with CSLR and positive weak correlation with FLI. Furthermore, carbohydrate intake was found to be independently associated with CSLR based on the results of the multiple linear regression analysis. Following an increase in carbohydrate intake, CSLR level decreased progressively without any negative peak. Conclusion: Leptin regulation in prepubertal obese male children is associated with body composition and dietary intake. Carbohydrate intake is useful for predicting CSLR. Lipid profiles and insulin resistance are not related to both CSLR and FLI. Treatment and prevention of leptin resistance in obese children should focus on reducing BMI, fat mass, and carbohydrate intake.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.779-793
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• 2023

집약적이고 장기적인 양식어업 활동은 많은 양의 유기물을 발생시켜 퇴적환경과 생태계를 악화시켜왔다. 정부에서는 양식어장의 환경 보전과 관리를 위해서 어장관리법을 제정하였고 이를 근거로 2014년부터 어류 가두리 양식장에 대한 어장환경평가가 실시되었다. 따라서 어장환경평가를 위해 국내 환경에 적합한 과학적이고 객관적인 평가방법의 개발이 필요하였다. 이를 위해 저서다모류 군집과 양식장의 주 오염원인 유기물의 관계를 이용한 저서생태계 건강도지수(BHI)를 개발하였고, 본 연구에서는 저서생태계 건강도지수의 개발과정과 계산방법을 소개하고자 한다. 저서생태계 건강도지수는 국내 연안역과 양식장에서 출현한 225종의 다모류를 대상으로 퇴적물 내 총유기탄소량의 농도 구배와 종별 분포특성을 연관지어 4개의 그룹을 나누고, 각 그룹에 가중치를 부여하는 방식으로 계산된다. 저서생태계 건강도지수를 이용하여 저서동물군집을 4개의 생태등급(Grade 1: Nomal, Grade 2: Slightly polluted, Grade 3: Moderately polluted, Grade 4: Heavily polluted)으로 나누었다. 개발된 지수를 현장에 적용한 결과, 기존의 평가방법인 다양도 지수나 국외에서 개발된 AMBI와 비교해 보다 정확하고 계절의 영향을 적게 받아 우리나라 환경을 평가하기에 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 저서생태계 건강도지수를 사용하면 어장환경을 정량화된 수치에 따라 등급화 할 수 있어 양식장 환경관리에 효율적으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.