• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

목적: 정상인의 뇌영역의 동적 자화율 대조도 (dynamic susceptibility contrast)에서 새로운 비선형 곡선조화 알고리즘을 사용한 Gd-DTPA의 비투과성 (non-permeability)을 조사하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 전반적인 혈관내의 이동에 대한 전달함수($K^{trans}$)에 대하여 첫 번째 통과된 조합변수인자의 화소에 대한 정량적인 분석을 실시하였다. 정확한 복셀값의 산출을 위하여 개선된 알고리즘에 의한 경계값을 적용하여 최적화 과정을 반복수행하였다. 결과: 비선형 곡선조화 알고리즘을 적용함으로서, 뇌혈류와 뇌혈류량 측정은 $T2^*$-강조 dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)에서 상당히 개선 되었다. 재산출된 인자들로부터 뇌관류 강조영상의 형성은 수정된 비선형 곡선조화 알고리즘을 사용하여 획득하였다. 가상공간의 계산과 데이터 입력은 $T2^*$-강조 DCE 영상에서 조영제 포화도를 산출하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 개발한 새로운 비선형 곡선조화 알고리즘을 사용하여 DCE-$T2^*$ 강조 자기공명영상 데이터를 얻은 후에 역동학적 인자들의 정확성 및 효율성을 개선시키는데 도움을 주는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.36-46
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• 1976

This study was projected to provide basic data on prenatal care for future direction in maternity and child care, and also to investigate the diet of women during pregnancy and the period directly afterwards in order to offer to mothers appropriate advice for the improvement of nutritional standards. A clinical study on prenatal care was based on 1054 delivery cases. A nutritional survey was performed on 174 mothers admitted to the department of obstetrics at St. Mary's Hospital during the period of March, 1975 to February, 1976. The results obtained are summarized as follows; I. Clinical study on prenatal care 1) The age distribution showed 59.4% of the mothers were between the ages of 25 to 29 years old. 2) The gestational period was highest between the 37th and 40th gestational weeks. 33.7% of the mothers were primigravidae and 31.8% of them primiparae. 3) 41.3% of the mothers had not received prenatal care or had only received it once before. 4) Induced deliveries were 61.8% and spontantaneous deliveries 38.2%. 61.9% of the mothers had received prenatal care, while those without prenatal care accounted for 61.6% of the total induced deliveries. 5) Low birth weights were 7.7% and 5.0% of the mothers had received prenatal care, while 11.5% had no prenatal care. 6) There were 1.13% of still births, 0.32% of the mothers had prenatal care and the remainder did not have prenatal care. 7) Of those receiving prenatal care, 2.1% showed in the $0{\sim}3$ Apgar score group, 6.3% in the $4{\sim}6$ Apgar score group, and 91.6% in the $7{\sim}10$ Apgar score group. Among the non-prenatally cared for group 5.0% of the newborns were in the $0{\sim}3$ Apgar score group, 9.7% were in $4{\sim}6$ Apgar score group and 85.3% were in the $7{\sim}10$ Apgar score group. 8) Obstetrical complications were developed in 11.86% of the pregnant women when they were hospitalized. Among the group receiving the prenatal care 8.1% of the mothers had obstetrical complications. In the group without prenatal care 17.16% of the mothers had obstetrical complications. The most common obstetrical complication was malpresentation. 9) The first prenatal care was received between the 37th and 40th gestationl weeks. II. Food intake during pregnancy The following are the results from the questionnaires of the mothers concerning diets during pregnancy; 1) Main meals and snacks In 32.2% of the cases, their main meals during the diet amounted to more than was usually eaten at other times. In 67.8% of the cases, their main meals during the diet were the same as that usually eaten. In 22.4% of the cases, snacks during the diet amounted to more than usually eaten at other times. In 77.6% of the cases, snacks during the diet were the same as usually eaten. 2) Itemized list The mothers made a special effort to include certain items in their diets, the following is a breakdown of those items; a. egg, meat, fish 33.3% b. fruit, vegetables 32.2%. c. milk, fruit juice 18.4% d. cake, bread 2.9% e. nothing special 13.2% 3) Milk 44.8% of the mothers had at least one cup of milk everyday. 33.4% of the mothers had at least one cup of milk on occasion. 15.5% of the mothers did not have any milk. 4) Vitamins 39.7% of the mothers had vitamins everyday. 24.7% of the mothers had vitamins occasionally. 35.6% of the mothers did not have any vitamins. 5) Anemic symptoms 9.2% of the mothers very often had anemic symptoms during pregnancy. 39.1% of the mothers often had anemic symptoms during pregnancy. 51.7% of the mothers did not have anemic symptoms at all. 6) Taboos on food 23% of the mothers recognized 'taboos' on food during pregnancy 27% of the mothers displayed on uncertainty about the 'taboos' on food during pregnancy 50% of the mothers displayed indifference toward the taboos. III. Nutritional survey on the new mothers diet. 1) The diets for new mothers can be divided into four categories, such as general diet, low sodium diet, soft diet and liquid diet. 2) Cooked rice and seaweed soup were the main foods for the new mothers as has been the traditional diet for Korean mothers. 3) The average diet contained 1,783g. And the average consumption of the basic food groups per capita per day was 1,265g for cereals and grains, 456g for meats and legumes, 58g for fruits and vegetables, 0g for milk and fish and 4g for fats and oils. 4) In addition to the 1,783g of food in the main diet there was also 142.8g of food taken as snacks. 5) The average daily consumption of calories and nutrients was 2,697 Kcal and 123.4g for proteins, 44.9g for fats, 718.2mg for calcium, 14mg for iron, 2,101.4 I.U. for vitamin A, 0.43mg for thiamine, 1.02mg for riboflavin, 15.88mg for niacin, 5.26mg for ascorbic acid. When these figures are compared with the recommended allowances for new mothers in Korea, the calories and nutrients taken in were satisfactory. But the intake of minerals and vitamins was below the recommended allowance.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2024

Understanding the effectiveness of statin treatment is essential for developing tailored stroke prevention strategies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of statin treatment in preventing recurrent stroke among patients with various ischemic stroke subtypes. Using data from the Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke-Korea-National Institute for Health (CRCS-K-NIH) registry, we included patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted between January 2011 and July 2020. To evaluate the differential effects of statin treatment based on the ischemic stroke subtype, we analyzed patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardio-embolism (CE), and small vessel occlusion (SVO). The primary outcomes were recurrent ischemic stroke and recurrent stroke events. The hazard ratio for outcomes between statin users and nonusers was compared using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for covariates. A total of 46,630 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Statins were prescribed to 92%, 93%, and 78% of patients with LAA, SVO, and CE subtypes, respectively. The hazards of recurrent ischemic stroke and recurrent stroke in statin users were reduced to 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.99) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62-0.95) in the LAA subtype and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.52-0.76) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.53-0.75) in CE subtype compared to nonusers. However, the hazards of these outcomes did not significantly decrease in the SVO subtype. The effectiveness of statin treatment in reducing the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with LAA and CE subtypes has been suggested. Nonetheless, no significant effect was observed in the SVO subtype, suggesting a differential effect of statins on different stroke subtypes.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.257-270
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to the intent of using home nursing of chronic disease patients who got out of a university hospital. For the purpose, the study selected 153 patients who were hospitalized and left K university hospital with diagnoses of cancer, hypertension, diabetes and cerebral vascular accident and ordered to be discharged and performed interviews with them and surveys on their medical records to obtain the following results. For this study a direct-interview survey and medical record review was conducted from June 28 to Aug. 30, 1998. The frequency and mean values were computed to find the characteristics of the study subjects, and $X^2$-test, t-test, factor analysis and multiple logistic regession analysis were applied for the analysis of the data. The following results were obtained. 1) When characteristics of the subjects were examined, men and women occupied for 58.8% and 41.2%, respectively. The subjects were 41.3 years old in aver age and had the monthly aver age earning of 0.99 million won or below, which was the most out of the total subjects at 34.6%. Among the total, 87.6% resided in cities and 12.4 in counties. The most left the hospital with diagnosis of cancer at 51.6%, followed by hyper tension at 24.2%, diabetes at 13.7% and cerebral vascular accident at 7.2%. 2) 93.5% of the selected patients had the intent of using home nursing and 6.5%, didn't. Among those patients having the intent, 85.6% had the intent of paying for home nursing and 14.4%, didn't. The subjects expected that the nursing would be paid 9,143 won in aver age and 47.7% of them preferred national authorities as the main servers. 86.3% of the subjects thought that home nursing business had the main advantage of making it possible to learn nursing methods at home and thereby contributing to improving the ability of patients and their facilities to solve health problems. 3) Relations between the intent of use and characteristics of the subjects such as demography-related social, home environment, disease and physical function characteristics did not show statistically significant differences among one another. Compared to those who had no intent of using home nursing, the group having the intent had more cases of male patients, the age of 39 or below, residence in cities, 5 family member s or more, no existence of home nursing servers, leaving the hospital from a non-hospitalized building, disease development for five months or below, hospitalization for ten days or more, non-hospitalization with in the recent one month, two times or over of hospitalization, leaving the hospital with no demand of special treatment, operation underwent, poor results of treatment, leaving the hospital with demand of rehabilitation services, physical disablement and high evaluation point of daily life. 4) Among those patients having the intent of using home nursing, 47.6% demanded technical nursing and 55.9%, supportive nursing. As technical nursing,' inject into a blood vessel ' and 'treat pustule and teach basic prevention methods occupied for 57.4%, respectively, topping the list. Among demands of supportive nursing, 'observe patients 'status and refer them to hospitals or community resources as available, if necessary' was the most with percent age point of 59.5. Regarding the intent of paying for home nursing, 39.2% of those patients wishing to use the nursing responded paying for technical services and 20.2, supportive services. In detail, 70.0% wanted to pay for a service stated as 'inject into a blood vessel', highest among the former services and 30.7%, a service referred to as 'teaching exercises needed to make the body of patients move', highest among the latter. When this was analyzed in terms of a relation between the need(the need for home nursing) and the demand(the intent of paying for home nursing), The rate of the need to the demand was found two or three times higher in technical nursing(0.82) than in supportive nursing(0.35). In aspects of tech ical nursing, muscle injection(1.26, the 1st rank) was highest in the rate while among aspects of supportive nursing, a service referred to as 'teach exercises needed for making patients move their bodies normally'(0.58, the 1st rank). 5) factors I(satisfaction with hospital services), II(recognition of disease state), III(economy) and IV(period of disease) occupied for 34.4, 13.8, 11.9 and 9.2 percents, respectively among factors related to the intent by the subjects of using home nursing, totaled 59.3%. In conclusion, most of chronic disease patients have the intent of using hospital-based home nursing and satisfaction with hospital services is a factor affecting the intent most. Thus a post-management system is needed to continue providing health management to those patients after they leave the hospital. Further, supportive services should be provided in order that those who are satisfied with hospital services return to their community and live their in dependent lives. Based on these results, the researcher would make the following recommendation. 1) Because home nursing becomes more and more needed due to a sharp increase in chronic disease patients and elderly people, related rules and regulations should be made and implemented. 2) Hospital nurses specializing in home nursing should be cultivated.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.753-759
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• 2007

Statement of problem. In distal extension removable partial denture, the preservation of health of abutment teeth is very important, but abutment teeth are subjected to unfavorable stress under unilateral loading specially. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effects of mandibular removable partial dentures with various prosthetic designs under unilateral loading, using strain gauge analysis. Material and methods. Artificial teeth of both canines were anchored bilaterally in a mandibular edentulous model made of resin. Bilateral distal extension removable partial dentures with splinted and unsplinted abutments were fabricated. Group 1: Clasp-retained mandibular removable partial denture with unsplinted abutments Group 2: Clasp-retained mandibular removable partial denture with splinted abutments by 6-unit bridge. Group 3: Bar-retained mandibular removable partial denture Strain gauges were bonded on the labial plate of the mandibular resin model, approximately 2 mm dose to the abutments. Two unilateral vertical experimental loadings (30N and 100N) were applied subsequently via miniature load cell that were placed at mandibular left first molar region. Strain measurements were performed and simultaneously monitored from a computer connected to data acquisition system. For within-group evaluations, t-test was used to compare the strain values and for between-group comparisons, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used and Tukey test was used as post hoc comparisons. Results. The strain values of group 1 and 2 were tensile under loadings. In contrast, strain values of group 3 were compressive in nature. Strain values increased as the applied load in increased from 30N to 100N (p<.05) except for right side in group 1. Under 30N loading, in left side, group 1 showed higher strain values than groups 2 and 3 in absolute quantity (p<.05). And group 2 showed higher strain values than group 1 (p<.05). In right side, group 1 and 2 showed higher strain values than group 3 in absolute quantity (p<.05). Under 100N loading in left side, group 1 showed higher strain values than groups 2 and 3 in absolute quantity (p<.05). And group 2 showed higher strain values than group 1 (p<.05). In right side, group 1 and 2 showed higher strain values than group 3 in absolute quantity (p<.05). Under 30N loading, group 2 and 3 showed higher strain values in right side than in left side. Under 100N loading, right side strain values were higher than left side ones for all groups. Conclusion. Splinting of two isolated abutments by bridge reduced the peri-abutment strain in comparison with unsplinted abutments under unilateral loading. Bar-retained removable partial denture showed the lowest strain of three groups, and compressive nature.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2017

전국의 43개 상급종합병원과 20개 상급병원의 환자 1,095명을 대상으로 환자의 영양 상담서비스에 대한 인식을 조사하고, 만족도는 서비스 품질 개념을 적용하여 분석하였다. 환자의 영양 상담서비스 인식 평균점수는 4.54/5.00점이었다. 환자의 영양 상담서비스 만족도를 요인 분석한 결과 서비스 품질 5개 영역으로 추출되었고, 각각 공감성, 반응성, 유형성, 신뢰성, 전문성으로 명명, 분류하였다. 5개 영역의 전체 평균 점수는 4.56점/5.00이었고 공감성 4.62점, 반응성 4.52점, 유형성 4.53점, 신뢰성 4.65점, 전문성 4.61점이었다. 학력에 따른 차이에서 영양 상담서비스 품질 만족도 총 평균은 대졸 이상이 중졸 이하보다 유의적(P<0.001)으로 높았다. 수도권 병원의 만족도 점수는 비수도권 병원보다 전체 평균 점수와 반응성, 공감성, 전문성, 신뢰성(P<0.001), 유형성(P<0.05)에서 유의적으로 높았다. 상담횟수에서는 반응성 영역에서 상담을 1회 받은 군이 2회보다 유의적(P<0.01)으로 높은 만족도를 보였다. 환자의 영양 상담서비스 인식과 만족도 간에 신뢰성(r=0.721), 반응성(r=0.697), 공감성(r=0.690), 전문성(r=0.678), 유형성(r=0.622)에서 양(+)의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상을 살펴볼 때 비수도권 병원에서는 임상영양사 수의 확보를 통해 환자의 영양 상담서비스 품질을 향상시키는 것이 필요하겠다. 또한, 영양 상담이 반복될수록 환자의 기대치가 높아질 수 있으므로 임상영양사는 영양 상담 내용 및 기법에 변화를 주고 다양한 자료를 활용하여 영양 상담서비스 품질을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. 영양 상담서비스 품질 만족도와 영양 상담 인식 간에는 높은 상관관계가 있는데 서비스 품질 만족도에서 유형성과 반응성은 다른 영역보다 상대적으로 낮은 점수를 보였으므로, 상담실 분위기를 쾌적하게 하고 다양한 교육매체를 활용하며 환자와의 여유 있는 상담시간 및 선택적 상담시간 확보 등 해당 영역에 대한 관리가 특히 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.791-805
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• 2015

1300년대부터 1600년대까지 발간된 10권의 의서 및 식이요법서 문헌에서 조를 이용한 식치방을 조사한 결과 기록 횟수는 총 63회이다. 향약집성방(鄕藥集成方)의 식치 기록은 총 21회로 조사한 문헌 중 횟수가 가장 많았고, 식료찬요(食療纂要)는 두 번째로 식치방 기록은 총 16회이다. 식치의 조리방법별 분류에는 죽(粥) 조리방법이 가장 많았고 탕(湯) 조리방법, 밥(飯) 조리방법, 즙(汁) 조리방법, 환(丸) 조리방법 순으로 기록되었다. 죽과 탕의 조리법이 많은 것은 소화기에 주는 부담이 적고 흡수가 용이하기 때문으로 사료된다. 조와 같이 사용된 식재료는 총백(蔥白), 생강, 계란, 해백, 술, 참새, 수탉간, 시, 붕어, 붉은 팥, 흰 수탉 등이고, 조와 같이 사용된 약재는 인삼(人蔘), 복령(茯笭), 당귀(當歸), 대추(大棗), 맥문동(麥門冬), 백출(白朮), 육계(肉桂), 토사자(免絲子) 등이다. 특히 한국 전통음료로 조를 발효시킨 장수(漿水)를 약 전처리나 법제에 사용하고 약재와 같이 복용하였다. 조를 이용한 식치방의 증상별 분류를 보면 비위(脾胃) 반위(反胃)에 12회, 대소변난(大小便難)에 11회, 곽란에 6회, 허증(虛症) 보익(補益)에 6회 기록되었다. 비위(脾胃) 반위(反胃), 대소변난(大小便難), 곽란, 허증(虛症) 보익(補益) 등의 식치방에 여러 번 기록된 것은 약재가 귀했던 시기에 식치(食治)로 비위(脾胃)를 보(補)하고 대소변(大小便)을 좋게 하여 건강 증진과 질병 예방에 중점을 두었을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 소갈(消渴), 중풍(中風), 산후제질(産後諸疾), 소아제병(小兒諸炳), 기침 해수(咳嗽) 등 증상 치료에도 기록되어 조 식치방은 남녀노소에게 두루 사용되었음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 우리민족의 경험의학이 바탕이 되는 조 식치방을 활용한다면 현대인들에게 좋은 약선 메뉴를 개발할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.467-475
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• 2020

본 연구는 PET 검사 중 방사성의약품인 ¹⁸F-FDG에 대한 선량을 평가하여 환자와 보호자의 방사선에 대한 불안감을 완화하고, 의료기관 인력 및 공간 확보 문제, 건강검진으로 인한 무분별한 검사 진행을 최소화하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 선량평가는 방사선조직가중치 중 높은 조직 세 부위인 경부(갑상선), 흉부(심장), 하복부(생식선) 위치에 열형광선량계(TLD)와 전자개인선량계(EPD)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 또한, GM 계수기와 전리함을 이용하여 공간선량률과 소변에서의 방사능을 측정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개인선량계인 TLD는 경부에서 0.0425±0.0277 mSv, 흉부에서 0.0485±0.0386 mSv, 하복부에서 0.0485±0.0436 mSv 측정되었고 방사선 민감도에 따른 심부선량 차이는 거의 없었다. EPD는 경부 위치에서 직후 0.942±0.141 mSv/h, 120분 후 0.192±0.031 mSv/h로 측정되었다. 흉부 위치에서 직후 0.516±0.085 mSv/h, 120분 후 0.128±0.040 mSv/h로 측정되었다. 하복부 위치에서 직후 0.468±0.091 mSv/h, 120분 후 0.105±0.021 mSv/h로 측정되었다. GM 계수기에서 공간선량률은 직후 0.041±0.005 mSv/h, 120분 후 0.014±0.002 mSv/h로 측정되었다. 전리함을 이용한 소변 내 방사능은 60분 후 0.113±0.24 MBq/cc, 120분 후 0.063±0.13 MBq/cc로 측정되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 ¹⁸F-FDG를 투여하고 PET 검사가 끝나는 2시간 후 선량 재평가를 하고 귀가 시점을 정하도록 해야 하며 보호자와의 접촉도 피해야 한다. 또한, 환자와 보호자에게 충분한 설명과 함께 피폭선량 예상 값을 제공하여 무분별한 검사를 지양해야 하도록 할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서 실측 실험한 데이터를 통해 환자와 가족들이 방사선에 대한 불안감을 해소하기를 바라며, 방사선 종사자의 피폭관리 시스템과 제도적 개선을 통해 의료방사선 발전에 힘이 되리라 기대한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2013

Objectives There are only a limited number of studies on instruments assessing fatigue in university students, although fatigue exerts negative influences on their health and academic performances and fatigue-related complaints are more frequently reported in young adults than middle-aged adults. The aim of this study was to validate the 9-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) among university students including both undergraduate and graduate students in South Korea. Methods A total of 176 university students completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including the FSS, the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 version 2 (MOS-SF36v2), and the Inclusion of Community in the Self Scale (ICS). The data were collected from February of 2012 to June of 2012. The reliability, convergent validity, divergent validity, and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to assess psychometric properties of the FSS. Results The mean FSS score was 3.20 (standard deviation = 1.43). The FSS demonstrated an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ = 0.93) and item-total correlations ranged from 0.56 to 0.90. Correlations of the FSS with the BFI (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), BDI-II (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), BAI (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), MOS-SF36v2 physical component summary (r = -0.28, p < 0.01), MOS-SF36v2 mental component summary (r = -0.55, p < 0.01), and ICS (Spearman's rho = -0.07, p = 0.33) showed acceptable convergent and divergent validity. Exploratory factor analysis defined one underlying factor (eigenvalue = 5.67) that explained 93.50% of the total variance. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate reliability and validity of the FSS in university students. The FSS exhibits good psychometric properties for evaluation of fatigue among university students in South Korea. Since the FSS is easy to administer, score, and interpret, it could be a useful tool in research and practice for assessing fatigue among university students.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2007

연구배경: 본 연구를 통해 2005년도 ATS/ERS 폐활량검사 지침에서 제시한 재현성 기준을 한국 성인들에게 적용할 수 있는 지와, 한국 성인들의 폐활량 검사 시 재현성에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 국민건강영양조사, COPD 코호트, 지역사회 코호트로부터 얻은 성인 4,663명의 폐활량검사 결과를 이용하여 dFVC 및 $dFEV_1$를 계산하여 분포를 알아보고, 1994년도 ATS 지침 및 2005년도 ATS/ERS 지침을 만족하는 검사의 비율을 비교하였다. 다중회귀분석을 통해 개인적 특성 및 재현성 기준의 변화가 재현성에 영향을 미치는가를 알아보았다. 결 과: 폐활량검사를 시행한 사람들 중 95% 이상이 150ml 이내의 재현성 기준을 만족시켰다. 1994년도 ATS 지침에 따라 검사를 시행한 경우 재현성을 만족하지 않는 경우가 증가하였다. 다중회귀분석 결과 재현성에 영향을 주는 요인들은 신장, 연령, 체중, 폐쇄성폐질환 여부, 재현성 기준의 변화 등이었으나 재현성에 영향을 미치는 정도는 매우 작았다(0.5~3.0%). 결 론: 한국인에게도 2005년도 ATS/ERS에서 제시한 재현성 기준을 적용할 수 있을 것으로 생각하며, 이를 위해서는 변경된 재현성 기준에 대한 지속적인 홍보와 검사자 들에 대한 교육 및 정도 관리가 필요하다.