• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.32-40
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• 2024

Objectives The main aim was to quantify forward head posture using POM Checker®, a postural balance analyzer, among elementary school students. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate whether postural imbalance improved following three sessions of the school doctor program focused on body posture correction. Methods The program was conducted as part of the school doctor program in Korean Medicine, featuring lectures by a designated Korean Medicine doctor at an elementary school. The curriculum covered the importance of maintaining correct posture and included posture correction exercises. Pre- and post-program self-reported surveys were administered, alongside postural measurements taken over three months at one-month intervals. The survey included data on gender, grade, lifestyle habits, and awareness of correct posture. Result Out of 73 participating students, 63 underwent body balance measurements from the upper grades of one elementary school. Survey results revealed significant variations in daily sitting hours and weekly exercise levels. Attendance at lectures increased knowledge about correct posture. Initial measurements of forward head posture categorized 41.0% and 1.6% of participants into caution and risk groups, respectively. After the second measurement, the caution group representation decreased to 3.2%, and by the third measurement, only 1.6% of participants remained in the caution group. Conclusions Improvements in the angle and understanding of forward head posture among elementary school students were observed before and after the Korean Medicine school doctor program. However, posture improvement may be temporary, necessitating consistent follow-up management and monitoring.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a vegetable transplanting robot which transplants seedlings from a nursery tray to a plant pot using its four fingers. Method: The robot consists of the transplanting part, nursery tray moving part, plant pot moving part, main frame and controller. Two moving parts are controlled by the photo sensor and servo motor. The transplanting part was composed with two components; transporting device using E-MY2H(SMC Corp., Japan) for controlling finger position accurately and finger for transplanting the seedling. Results: Head lettuce using the transplanting robot was transplanted in 21 days after sowing based upon the seed shape measurement and removing examination. The optimal finger shape was thin pin type because it caused minimum damage to the roots of seedlings. Conclusions: The four inclined pin type was applied to remove the seedlings from the nursery tray. In addition, the transplanting capacity of the developed robot was 2800 pots per hour and the rate of success was 99% and above.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.111-121
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• 2017

Verification of dose distribution is an essential part of ensuring the treatment planning system's (TPS) calculated dose will achieve the desired outcome in radiation therapy. Each measurement have uncertainty associated with it. It is desirable to reduce the measurement uncertainty. A best approach is to reduce the uncertainty associated with each step of the process to keep the total uncertainty under acceptable limits. Point dose patient specific quality assurance (QA) is recommended by American Association of Medical Physicists (AAPM) and European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) for all the complex radiation therapy treatment techniques. Relative and absolute point dose measurement methods are used to verify the TPS computed dose. Relative and absolute point dose measurement techniques have a number of steps to measure the point dose which includes chamber cross calibration, electrometer reading, chamber calibration coefficient, beam quality correction factor, reference conditions, influences quantities, machine stability, nominal calibration factor (for relative method) and absolute dose calibration of machine. Keeping these parameters in mind, the estimated relative percentage uncertainty associated with the absolute point dose measurement is 2.1% (k=1). On the other hand, the relative percentage uncertainty associated with the relative point dose verification method is estimated to 1.0% (k=1). To compare both point dose measurement methods, 13 head and neck (H&N) IMRT patients were selected. A point dose for each patient was measured with both methods. The average percentage difference between TPS computed dose and measured absolute relative point dose was 1.4% and 1% respectively. The results of this comparative study show that while choosing the relative or absolute point dose measurement technique, both techniques can produce similar results for H&N IMRT treatment plans. There is no statistically significant difference between both point dose verification methods based upon the t-test for comparing two means.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.127-129
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• 2015

Background and Objectives : The etiology of globus pharyngeus remains uncertain. It has been known there is a relationship between the presence of air bubbles in esophagus and GERD symptoms. The aim of this study is to identify relationship between the globus symptom and the presence of air column in esophagus. Subjects and Methods : The study population consisted of 46 patients who underwent CT scan as part of evaluation for globus. Controls were chosen from the population consisted of patients with lymphadenopathy who underwent CT scan. The correlation between the presence of globus symptom and diameter, volume, and position of the air column was assessed using t-test. Reproducibility of diameter and volume of the esophageal air column was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient. Results : In study group, the mean volume of the air column was $769.56{\pm}983.08mm^3$, the mean diameter was $8.24{\pm}4.90mm$, the mean distance from the inferior border of posterior lamina of cricoid cartilage was $88.86{\pm}28.01mm$. In control group, $682.18{\pm}767.28mm^3$, $8.37{\pm}5.50mm$, $88.34{\pm}21.06mm$, respectively. There were no differences of diameter, volume and distance of the air column between the two groups. We failed to obtain acceptable reliability when we compare the diameter and the volume of the esophageal air column. Conclusion : There was no relationship between air column of esophagus and presence of globus symptom. And the measurement of diameter and volume of the esophageal air column change over time and it should be considered in a further study.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.544-548
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• 2017

The International Civil Aviation Organization is recommending the use of SBAS on all aircraft by 2025 to urge PBN implementation around the world. As part of this, Korea is also developing KASS, a Korean SBAS. ICAO grants authority to the host nation aviation authority in the certification and operation of SBAS. The KASS system will be verified after detailed system design, fabrication and installation. In this paper, flight test parameters are derived from the flight inspection regulations and the configuration of the on - board measurement equipment for measuring the parameters has been proposed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.434-443
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate sleep patterns in nursing students as measured by an automated wireless sleep tracker and self-reported sleep scales. Methods: Data were collected from October, 2011 to May, 2012. ZQ (a symbolic number that measures the quality and quantity of sleep) was calculated from the automated wireless sleep tracker. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-Korean version, Sleep scale A, and sleep satisfaction were used as self-report sleep scales. Female nursing college students (n=37) were recruited by convenience sampling. Before going to bed, they were asked to put on a head-band type sleeping sensor and to move it the next morning. Every student slept 2~4 nights with the sleep tracker. Data were collected for 86 (91.4%) of 94 nights' sleep. The students were also requested to fill in the PSQI-K, sleep scale A, and sleep satisfaction. Results: The only statistically significant correlation was between ZQ and sleep satisfaction (r=.869, p=.026). The biggest obstacle in using this device was putting on the head-band type sensor. Conclusion: Validity of the wireless sleep tracker was verified in part. The usefulness of this device in nursing research and practice was identified. Further evaluation need to be conducted with various populations.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

In this paper, in order to analyze property of frequency response in microphone using optical sensor, acousto-optic sensor system has been implemented. The capacitance microphone and fiber-optic transmission path type fiber-optic microphone (FOM) have weaknesses in directivity, size, weight, and price. However suggested optical microphone can be constituted by cheap devices, so it has many benefits like small size, light weight, high directivity, etc. Head part of optical microphone which is suggested in this paper is movable back and forth by sound pressure with the attached reflection plate. Operating point has also been determined by measuring the response characteristics. The choosing the point, which has maximum linearity and sensitivity has changing the distance between optical head and vibrating plate. We measured the output of the O/E transformed signal of the optical microphone while frequency of sound signal is changed using sound measurement /analysis program, "Smaart Live" and "USBPre", which are based on PC, and compared the result from an existing capacitance microphone. The measured optical microphone showed almost similar output characteristics as those of the compared condenser microphone, and its bandwidth performance was about 4 kHz at up to 3 dB.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2007

Statistical tools for determining sex in the sexually monomorphic black-billed magpie based on morphological characters have been developed based on studies of European and North American populations. However, since no morphological method has been developed for black-billed magpies in Korea, it has been difficult to conduct field studies that require information about the sex of individuals. We present two discriminant equations for determining sex of second-year (SY) and after-second-year (ASY) magpies in north- and midwestern part of South Korea. Based on morphological measurements on 105 SY (56 females, 49 males) and 72 ASY (36 females, 36 males) individuals, we found body mass, wing chord, and head length to be the most useful features for morphological sex determination. The accuracy of our method was 86.5% for SYs and 93.1% for ASYs, which is similar to values reported previously from American and European magpies. Since the equations contain morphological traits which are only minimally susceptible to seasonal variation and measurement errors, our discriminant equations should be both useful and robust for sex determination on black-billed magpies in the northern and mid-western regions of South Korea.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.415-433
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• 2015

Tendon failures in bonded post-tensioned bridges over the last two decades have motivated ongoing investigations on various aspects of unbonded tendons and their monitoring methods. Recent research shows that change of strain distribution in anchor heads can be useful in detecting wire breakage in unbonded construction. Based on this strain variation, this paper develops a damage detection model that enables an automated tendon monitoring system to identify and locate wire breaks. The first part of this paper presents an experimental program conducted to study the strain variation in anchor heads by generating wire breaks using a mechanical device. The program comprised three sets of tests with fully populated 19-strand anchor head and evaluated the levels of strain variation with number of wire breaks in different strands. The sensitivity of strain variation with wire breaks in circumferential and radial directions of anchor head in addition to the axial direction (parallel to the strand) were investigated and the measured axial strains were found to be the most sensitive. The second part of the paper focuses on formulating the wire breakage detection framework. A finite element model of the anchorage assembly was created to demonstrate the algorithm as well as to investigate the asymmetric strain distribution observed in experimental results. In addition, as almost inevitably encountered during tendon stressing, the effects of differential wedge seating on the proposed model have been analyzed. A sensitivity analysis has been performed at the end to assess the robustness of the model with random measurement errors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1279-1286
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• 2004

This paper continues companion paper, part I : measurement and analysis. As shown in companion Paper, information and energy in monaural signal is quite different from that of binaural signal. In this paper, difference between monaural and binaural signal of transportation noise are investigated in subjective response test. We executed hearing screening test before giving a subject response test and excluded subjects who had physical hearing loss. An annoyance response test was conducted using headphone to avoid cross-talk effect in binaural testing. Percentage of highly annoyed under binaural signal reproduction is higher than percentage of highly annoyed under monaural signal reproduction. Result implies binaural reproduction technique is proper for a study of human response to short-term noise exposure in a headphone simulated-environment.