• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.21
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• pp.29-41
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• 1990

An assessment of risk in industrial and urban environments is essential in the prevention of accident and in the analysis of situations which are hazardous to public health and safety. The risk imposed by a particular hazard increases with the likelihood of occurence of the event, the exposure and the possible consequence of that event. In a traditional approach, the calculation of a quantitative value of risk is usually based on an assignment of numerical values of each of the risk factors. Then the product of the values of likelihood, exposure and consequences called risk score is derived. However vagueness and imprecision in mathematical quantification of risk are equated with fuzziness rather than randomness. In this paper, a fuzzy set theoretic approach to risk analysis is proposed as an alternative to the techniques currently used in the area of systems safety. Then the concept of risk evaluation using linguistic representation of the likelihood, exposure and consequences is introduced. A risk assessment model using approximate reasoning technique based on fuzzy logic is presented to drive fuzzy values of risk and numerical example for risk analysis is also presented to illustrate the results.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2009

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association between musculoskeletal workload and psychosocial job stress variables from 100 employees from a cable making industry. It was found that the employees who had to do musculoskeletal hazardous tasks suffered higher psychosocial stress in 'decision latitude', 'job insecurity' and 'psychological job demands' also. The employees with higher level of psychosocial job stress in 'psychological job demands' and 'score of the "type A" personality' responded that they had higher 'physical job demands' from the task irrespective of its musculoskeletal hazardousness. These results confirm that musculoskeletal workload were associated with both physical and psychosocial work factors. Attention should be paid to psychosocial work factors along with physical workload to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in the manufacturing industries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.86-95
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• 2018

The lack of research on the suitability of park green spaces as a form of earthquake shelter leads to difficultiesin highlighting the functions of these shelters. In this study, the weight value and priority of 27 indexes derived from previous studies are calculated by the AHP method and then a score table was established via a transformed score method. The final evaluation grade is divided into five levels: very inadequate, inadequate, general, adequate, highly adequate. Finally, indexes that were difficult to judge were explained. Based on this, the suitability evaluation of park green spaces as a form of earthquake shelter can be performed. The evaluation results can reflect the advantages and disadvantages of park green space as a form of earthquake shelter and indicate directionsfor construction in the future.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2020

Background: Medical laboratory workers are frequently exposed to a wide range of chemicals. This exposure can have adverse effects on their health. Furthermore, a knowledge lack of the chemical risk increases the likelihood of exposure. The chemical risk assessment reduces the risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals and therefore, guarantees health and safety of the workers. Method: The chemical risk assessment was conducted using a modified INRS method, according to the new CLP Regulation, of 11 unit laboratories in a Moroccan medical laboratory. Observation of each workstation and analysis of safety data sheets are key tools in this study. Results: A total of 144 substances and reagents that could affect the health of the analytical technicians were identified. Among these products, 17% are concerned by the low priority risk score, with 55% concerned by the average priority risk score and 28% concerned by the high priority risk score. This study also enabled to better identify the chemical agents that have restrictive occupational exposure limit value and controls were conducted to this effect. On the basis of the results obtained, several corrective and preventive measures have been proposed and implemented. Conclusion: Risk assessment is essential to ensure the health and safety of workers and to meet regulatory requirements. It enables to identify all the risky manipulations and to adopt appropriate preventive measures. However, it is not a one-time activity but it must be continuous in order to master the changes and thus ensure the best safety of all.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2017

Background: The mining industry is known worldwide for its highly risky and hazardous working environment. Technological advancement in ore extraction techniques for proliferation of production levels has caused further concern for safety in this industry. Research so far in the area of safety has revealed that the majority of incidents in hazardous industry take place because of human error, the control of which would enhance safety levels in working sites to a considerable extent. Methods: The present work focuses upon the analysis of human factors such as unsafe acts, preconditions for unsafe acts, unsafe leadership, and organizational influences. A modified human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) was adopted and an accident predictive fuzzy reasoning approach (FRA)-based system was developed to predict the likelihood of accidents for manganese mines in India, using analysis of factors such as age, experience of worker, shift of work, etc. Results: The outcome of the analysis indicated that skill-based errors are most critical and require immediate attention for mitigation. The FRA-based accident prediction system developed gives an outcome as an indicative risk score associated with the identified accident-prone situation, based upon which a suitable plan for mitigation can be developed. Conclusion: Unsafe acts of the worker are the most critical human factors identified to be controlled on priority basis. A significant association of factors (namely age, experience of the worker, and shift of work) with unsafe acts performed by the operator is identified based upon which the FRA-based accident prediction model is proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2018

As the Seoul metropolitan city has the largest numbers of population and vehicles, the citizens can be exposed to hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) mainly from the vehicular exhaust and human activities. In this study, we proposed a systematic method for the selection of priority monitoring areas for HAPs using Geographic Information System (GIS). First, emission parameters(emission data, vehicle registration, monitoring data, and so on) and population parameters (population and population density) were plotted using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation. Then, the interpolation data for individual parameters, which were normalized between 1 and 5 points, were compiled for 270 grids with a resolution of $2km{\times}2km$. The total score of each grid was calculated using weights(1~5) for the individual parameters. The final ranking of each grid was assigned by four scenarios with varying fractions of the emission and population parameters from 50 : 50 to 80 : 20. Consequently, nine grids were suggested as priority monitoring areas, and all of them are located in the southwestern part of Seoul.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.126-137
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in gender related to health status, occupational environment, occupational safety and health and hazardous chemicals use of migrant workers in Korea. Method: The survey was conducted in clinics that provided free healthcare services for migrant workers. Of the 413 respondents, 66.3% were males and 33.7% were females. Result: In the case of male migrant workers, many worker were not fluent in Korean, had illegal status in the country, and had moved jobs frequently. There were many cases in which migrant workers worked in small-scale enterprises and worked long hours. Job stress score was high for many workers and they dealt with heavy materials and risky machines. Many workers had not received proper occupational health and safety education and those that were previously injured had repeated injuries. Among the female migrant workers, many worker received low salary and shift work was common. Many worker complained of gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal illnesses and treated toxic substances. Conclusion: As a result, it will be necessary to focus on the strategies for decreasing occupational injuries from physical risk factors for males and from chemical risk factors for female migrant workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.457-465
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• 1995

The purpose of the present study is to identify potentially hazardous factors which can contribute to the outbreak of foodborne disease and to represent more practical management methods in terms of environmental sanitation and facilities for the kitchen. 230 Korean-style restaurants in Seoul were assessed and analyzed by the restaurant total area. Facilities and sanitary check-lists were developed to evaluate the facilities and sanitary conditions of sampled restaurants. The sanitary condition of kitchen, guest room and other area were assessed by the sanitary score. The basic cooking machinery and utensil were properly facilitated but automation machinery were equiped below 10% sampled restaurants. The kitchen area were not properly sufficient to total area. Sanitary condition of kitchen, guest room, cooking appliance and stored foods were evaluated as the unsatisfactory state with potentially hazardous. Concrete guidelines should be made in terms of following item; establishment for the kitchen space expansion, facilities for the improvement of the working environment and sanitary condition of foods cooked. Additionaly, it need to practice the effective education and training program for the foodservice manager and employees.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2014

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease preceding the development of allergic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Sargassum micracanthum ethanol extract (SMEE) on AD. AD was induced by spreading 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzen (DNCB) on the back sides of BALB/c mice. The efficacy of SMEE was tested by observing the skin clinical severity score, proliferations of Raw 264.7 cells and the secretion of cytokines and IgE. The secretion of IL-4, and IgE was significantly decreased by SMEE in a dose dependent manner, while IFN-${\gamma}$ was increased. In addition, SMEE alleviated the AD symptoms better when compared to the positive controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that SMEE has an inhibitory effect on AD, and may serve as a useful biomaterial for the development of cosmeceuticals.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.349-355
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• 2012

In this study, we configured a system which ranks hazardous chemicals to determine their management priorities based on experts' opinions and the existing CRS (chemical ranking and scoring). Aggregate exposure of food, health functional food, oriental/herbal medicine and cosmetics have been taken into account to determine management priority. In this study, 25 hazardous chemicals were selected, such as cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic, etc. These 25 materials were ranked according to their 1) risk (exposure or hazard) indexes, 2) exposure source-based weight, and 3) public interests, which were also formed based on the existing priority ranking system. Cadmium was scored the highest (178.5) and bisphenol A the lowest (56.8). Ten materials -- cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, tar, acrylamide, benzopyrene, aluminium, benzene, and PAHs -- scored higher than 100. Eight materials -- aflatoxin, manganese, phthalate, chromium, nitrate/nitrite, ethylcarbamate, formaldehyde, and copper -- recorded scores in the range from 70 to 100. Also evaluated as potential risks were 7 materials; sulfur dioxide, ochratoxin, dioxins, PCBs, fumonisin, methyl mercury, and bisphenol A, and these materials were scored above 50. Then we compared risk index and correlation coefficient of total scores to confirm the validity of the total scores; we analyzed correlation coefficient of parameter and indicator. We discovered that the total score and weight, which has incorporated public interests, were high and statistically significant. In conclusion, the result of this study contributes to strengthening risk assessment and risk management of hazardous chemicals.