• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.214-223
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• 2024

The recent increase in maritime traffic and coastal leisure activities has led to a rise in various marine accidents. These incidents not only result in damage to human life and property but also pose a significant risk of marine pollution involving oil and hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) spills. Therefore, effective ship monitoring is crucial for preparing and for responding to marine accidents. This study conducted an aerial experiment utilizing hyperspectral remote sensing to develop a maritime ship monitoring system. Hyperspectral aerial measurements were carried out around Gungpyeong Port in the western coastal region of the Korean Peninsula, and spectral libraries were constructed for various ship decks. The spectral correlation similarity (SCS) technique was employed for ship detection, analyzing the spatial similarity distribution between hyperspectral images and ship spectra. As a result, 15 ships were detected in the hyperspectral images. The color of each ship's deck was classified based on the highest spectral similarity. The detected ships were verified by matching them with high-resolution digital mapping camera (DMC) images. This foundational study on the application of aerial hyperspectral sensors for maritime ship detection demonstrates their potential role in future remote sensing-based ship monitoring systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

With an entry into force of OPRC-HNS on June 14th 2007, response system against any large scale accidents related to HNS is required to respond rapidly and effectively in a national scale, US national response system and national contingency plan for any chemicals in operation were analyzed to understand the characteristics of management system and response system for any HNS driven accidents in the Us. Main characteristics of the US system were well described as an unified information window and an integrated incident command system supported by response facilities, manpower and technical support from other response organizations through good cooperation. In general, response activities are conducted by private sectors, however, the government will take over response activities in case large scale accidents occur in the Us. Expected expenses for response activities are covered by a type of Superfund in the Us. Several applicable ways are proposed to enable NGO to participate in and reorganize response system in ROK, and are feasible in collaboration with other response organizations and private sectors in the aspects of equipment, technology and manpower, Based upon the above activities, it is desirable to reorganize domestic rules and/or regulations related to response measures in ROK.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

OPRC-HNS Protocol places the responsibility for having on-board a pollution incident emergency plan, notifying other States the incident facts in case of being affected by that incident, development of national contingency plan, international co-operation in pollution response, research and development, technical co-operation, promotion of bilateral and multilateral co-operation in preparedness and response, providing of information service, promotion of education and training, providing of technical services and technical assistance, etc. on parties to pursue their goals. After joining OPRC-HNS protocol, the government is required to inspect current status of matters related to HNS for its relevance on any laws. Additional items including establishment of component organization playing a role of managing response institution, manpower and resources, purchase response resource, development of response technique, and those also to enforce education and training to promote the party's duty. The facts described above drive up to analyze the benefits and burdens of relevant industry which appears in those procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2017

HNS accidents involve large-scale fires and explosions, causing numerous human casualties and extreme environmental pollution in the surrounding area. The widespread diffusion of effects should be prevented through rapid decision making. In this study, a high-quality, standardized, and digitized HNS accident databases has been generated based on the HNS standard code proposed. Furthermore, the HNS Accident Tracking System (HATS) was applied and implemented to allow for systematic integration management and sharing. In addition, statistical analysis was performed on 76 cases of domestic HNS accident data collected over 23 years using HATS. In Korea, an average of 3.3 HNS accidents occurred each year and major HNS accident factors were Springs (41 %), Aprons (51 %), Chemical Carriers (49 %), Crew's Fault (45 %) and Xylenes (12 %). (The number in parentheses is the percentage of HNS accident factors for each HNS accident classification)

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

With an entering into force of OPRC-HNS started in June 14th 2007, establishment of response system in a nationwide scale to take care of accidents is required to respond rapidly and effectively. This necessities drove us to analyze national contingency plan for chemicals including national response system against accidents, which is in operation in the US. Main characteristics of the system are well described as an integrated incident command system with a cooperation of responsibilities facilities, manpower, and technical support. In addition, state anψor local authorities tend to have responsibilities on management of disaster with its response activities. Polluters are also charged to pay expenses 3 times expensive provided state or local authorities are conducted. In general, response activities are conducted by private sectors. However, the government will take action with Superfund if the response capacity is over than the polluters can. However, safety are regarded as a primary factor to be considered in the response activities, and try not to recover any pollutants. Personals belonging to USCG and EPA are required to complete specialized courses to promαe professional skills, and are also welcomed to participate in "certification program"

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.437-444
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• 2017

The concentration of the HNS Accident for each region was confirmed to prepare against an HNS Spill accident by using a Concentration Index which is used to assess industry concentration trend. This is to present the HNS Accident Concentration Index by combining HNS Accident Scale Concentration Index and an HNS Accident Frequency Concentration Index based on the data of marine spill accidents including the HNS accident. Based on the HNS Accident Concentration Index, Ulsan was identified as a top priority region for preparedness, Yeosu, Busan and Taean were identified as priority regions for preparedness, Gunsan, Mokpo, Wando, Incheon, Tongyeong, Pyeongtaek and Pohang were identified as necessary regions for preparedness, Donghae, Boryeong, Buan, Seogwipo, Sokcho, Jeju and Changwon, in which no marine spill accidents occurred, were identified as support regions for preparedness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.4 s.27
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• pp.293-300
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• 2006

Domestic laws such as Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law (KMPPL) which has been mae and amended according to the conclusions and amendments of various international conventions for the prevention a marine pollution such as MARPOL 73/78 were reviewed and compared with the major contents of the relevant international conventions. Alternative measures for legislating new laws or amending existing laws such as KMPPL for the acceptance of major contents of existing international conventions were proposed. Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78 into which the regulations for the prevention of air pollution from ship have been adopted has been recently accepted in KMPPL which should be applied to ships which are the moving sources of air pollution at sea rather tlnn in Korea Air Environment Conservation Law which should be applied to automobiles and industrial installations in land. The major contents of LC 72/95 have been accepted in KMPPL However, a few of substances requiring special care in Annex II of 72LC, a few of items in characteristics and composition for the matter in relation to criteria governing the issue of permits for the dumping of matter at sea in Annex III of 72LC, and a few of items in wastes or other matter that may be considered for dumping in Annex I of 96 Protocol have not been accepted in KMPPL yet. The major contents of OPRC 90 have been accepted in KMPPL. However, oil pollution emergency plans for sea ports and oil handling facilities, and national contingency plan for preparedness and response have not been accepted in KMPPL yet. The waste oil related articles if Basel Convention, which shall regulate and prohibit transboundary movement of hazardous waste, should be accepted in KMPPL in order to prevent the transfer if scrap-purpose tanker ships containing oil/water mixtures and chemicals remained on beard from advanced countries to developing and/or underdeveloped countries. International Convention for the Control if Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on the Ships should be accepted in KMPPL rather tlnn in Korea Noxious Chemicals Management Law. International Convention for Ship's Ballast Water/Sediment Management should be accepted in KMPPL or by a new law in order to prevent domestic marine ecosystem and costal environment from the invasion of harmful exotic species through the discharge of ship's ballast water.