• Advances in environmental research
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.201-212
• /
• 2018

In this study, conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) for determination of some antibiotics such as trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azythromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, chlortetracycline, sulfamethoxazole in wastewaters were optimized. After the optimum volume and pH of the sample were determined, the effect of the concentration of the compounds and matrix were investigated. The highest recovery rates for antibiotic compounds were determined between 82% and 105% in 200 mL sample volume and pH 2.5. Then, antibiotic compounds were investigated in influent and effluent samples taken from Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant. The concentration of the antibiotics was detected range of 0.11-101 ng/L in influent waters and

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the human health risks of trichloroethylene from Industrial Complex A. The excessive carcinogenic risks for central tendency exposure were $1.40{\times}10^{-5}$ for male and female residents in the vicinity of Industrial Complex A. The excessive cancers risk for reasonable maximum exposure were $2.88{\times}10^{-5}$ and $1.97{\times}10^{-5}$ for males and females, respectively. These values indicate that there are potential cancer risks for exposure to these concentrations. The hazard index for central tendency exposure to trichloroethylene was 1.71 for male and female residents. The hazard indexes for reasonable maximum exposure were 3.27 and 2.41 for males and females, respectively. These values were over one, which is equivalent to the threshold value. This result showed that adverse cancer and non-cancer health effects may occur and that some risk management of trichloroethylene from Industrial Complex A was needed.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.134-145
• /
• 2015

Objectives: An objective of this study was to perform a risk assessment and social cost-benefit analysis for revising permissible exposure limits for seven substances: Nickel(Insoluble inorganic compounds), benzene, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, cadmium(as compounds), trichloroethylene, touluene-2,4-diisocyanate. Materials and Methods: The research methods were divided into risk and hazard assessment and cost-benefit analysis. The risk and hazard assessment for the seven substances consists of four steps: An overview of GHS MSDS(1st), review of document of ACGIH's TLVs (2nd), comparison between international occupational exposure limits and domestic permissible exposure limits(3rd), and analysis of excess workplace and excess rate for occupational exposure limits based on previous work environment measurement data(4th). Total cost was estimated using cost of local exhaust ventilation, number of excess workplace and penalties for exceeding a permissible exposure limit. On the other hand, total benefit was calculated using the reduction rate of occupational disease, number of workplaces treating each substance and industrial accident compensation. Finally, the net benefit was calculated by subtracting total cost from total benefit. Results: All the substances investigated in this study were classified by CMR(Carcinogens, Mutagens or Reproductive toxicants) and their international occupational exposure limits were stricter than the domestic permissible exposure limits. As a result of excess rate analysis, trichloroethylene was the highest at 11%, whereas nickel was the lowest at 0.5%. The excess rates of all substances except for trichloroethylene were observed at less than 10%. Among the seven substances, the total cost was highest for trichloroethylene and lowest for carbon disulfide. The benefits for the seven substances were higher than costs estimated based on strengthening current permissible exposure limits. Thus, revising the permissible exposure limits of the seven substances was determined to be acceptable from a social perspective. Conclusions: The final revised permissible exposure limits suggested for the seven substances are as follows: $0.2mg/m^3$ for nickel, 0.5 ppm(TWA) and 2.5 ppm(STEL) for benzene, 1 ppm(TWA) for carbon disulfide, $0.01mg/m^3$(TWA) for cadmium, 10 ppm(TWA) and 25 ppm(STEL) for trichloroethylene, 0.3 ppm(TWA) for formaldehyde, and 0.005 ppm(TWA) and 0.02 ppm(STEL) for toluene diisocynate(isomers).

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.102-106
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to examine factors affecting the decompostion of nondegradable polluants(trichloroethylene(TCE), phenol) using ultrasonic irradiation. The TCE and phenol, which are major hazard compounds causing environmental pollution, were not decomposable pollutants by conventional treatment. The results show that the oxidation and reduction reaction of ultrasound produced $H_2O_2$, $H^+$ and $OH^-$ radical, which decomposed pollutants of TCE and phenol in water. It was confirmed that the ultrasonic irradiation showed an excellent removal efficiency for the nondegradable pollutants than any other processes, utilized in the treatment of organic compounds in the industrial wastewater. Conclusively, these results suggest that ultrasonic irradiation may be highly useful for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated organic pollutants, which is difficult to treat economically by conventional process.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.76-84
• /
• 1995

This study was performed to examine the factors influenced on the decomposition of nondegradable organic pollutants( Tricholoroethylene,Benzene ) in aqueous by ultrasonic irradiation. The TCE( Tricholoroethylene ) and Benzene are major hazard compounds causing environmental Pollution and not decomposable substances by conventional treatment. The results shows that the oxidation and reduction reaction of ultrasonic Irradiation was formed the H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ , H$^{+}$ and OH$^{-}$ radical, and then theses was decomposed pollutants of TCE and Benzene in aqueous. We were conformed that the ultrasonic irradiation was excellent in removal efficiency of the nondegradable organic substances any other than processes and utilized the treatment of organic compounds in the industrial wastewater. Conclusively, these results suggest that ultrasonic irradiation may be extremely useful for the treatment of wastewater contaminated organic pollutants, which is difficult to treat economically by conventional treatment.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 1996

This study was performed to examine the factors influencing on the degradation of TCE, Benzene and 2,4 DCP in aqueous solution using ultrasonic irradiation. The TCE,Benzene and 2,4 DCP, which are hazard compounds causing environmental pollution, were not decomposable pollutants by convientional treatment. The results shows that the generation of H$_{2}$O$_{2}$, H$^{+}$ and OH$^{-}$ radical was formed by the oxidation and reduction reaction of ultrasound, and then theses decomposed the refractory pollutants of TCE, Benzene & 2,4 DCP in aqueous solution. we conformed that the ultrasonic irradiation was excellent in removal efficiency of the refractory pollutants any other than Advanced Oxidation Processes(AOP), utilized the treatment of organic compounds in the industrial wastewater. Consequently, these results suggest that ultrasonic irradiation may be extremely useful for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated organic pollutants, which is difficult to treat economically by conventional process.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.413-427
• /
• 2006

It is necessary to study and develop guidelines for providing comfort and health indoor air quality for office workers since air-tight envelope system of current office building may cause poor indoor air quality. The purpose of this study is to propose guideline for volatile organic compounds in office base on the field study, human health risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. The field study was conducted to survey the concentrations of volatile organic compounds in indoor air of 69 offices from June to September, 2005 in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The rate of excess to guideline of volatile organic compounds in indoor air of new apartment on the Ministry of Environment in Korea(MOE) was surveyed 37.6% for benzene, 6.8% for toluene, and 1.5% for ethylbenzene. As the result of human health risk assessment, mean cancer risk did not exceed 10-6 which is guideline of US.EPA. Also, total hazard index did not exceed 1 which is guideline of US.EPA. Through the cost-benefit analysis of angle on the social-economics to verify the necessary to establish the standards of volatile organic compounds for improvement and development of indoor air quality in office, the present value of benefit was higher than the present value of cost. With the above considerations in mind, it is suggested that the field study for indoor air quality in offices should be expanded and human health risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis be performed th offer scientific data for decision-making of policy for improvement and management of indoor air quality in office.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제10권1_2호
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this research is to estimate a safe environmental level of human exposure to thresholding-acting toxicants in drinking water and recommend the acceptable levels and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water' and protecting health hazard. This research has been funded as a national project for three years from 1992 to 1995. This study(the second year, 1993-1994) was conducted to monitor 39 species of noncarcinogenic chemicals such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbens(PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals of drinking water at some area in six cities of Korea, and evaluate health risk due to these chemicals through four main steps (hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization) of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 39 species of non-carcinogenic chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In the step of exposure assessment, sampling of tap water from the public water supply system had been conducted from 1993 to 1994, and 39 chemicals were analyzed. Inclose-response assessment for non-carcinogens, reference doses(RfD) and lifetime health advisories(HAs) of lifetime acceptable levels were calculated. In risk characterization of detected chemicals, the hazard quotients of noncarcinogens were less than one except those of manganese and iron in D city.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.172-185
• /
• 2009

식품 중에서 새롭게 생성되는 유해물질에 대한 정확한 이해를 돕기 위하여 식품의 제조가공과정 중에 불가피하게 생성되는 유해물질의 특성, 생성 메카니즘, 규제 및 분석현황을 정리하였다. 식품 중 신종유해물질은 생성원인인 열처리, 발효, 첨가물질, 미지물질에 따라 크게 4부류로 분류되어 진다. 열처리에 의해 생성되는 식품 중 신종유해물질에는 아크릴아마이드, 퓨란, HCAs, PAHs가 포함된다. 발효공정에 따라서는 에틸카바메이트, 바이오제닉 아민류가 생성된다. 식품첨가물에 의해서는 3-MCPD, 벤젠, 니트로사민류가 생성되며, 미지물질에는 발기부전치료제나 비만치료제 성분을 변형시킨 부정유해물질이 포함된다. 식품 중 신종유해물질을 분석하기 위해서는 액액추출 또는 SPE로 정제하거나 휘발성 성분을 headspace로 포집하여 액체크로마토그래피나 가스크로마토그래피로 분리한 후 자외부흡광기, 형광검출기나 질량분석기로 검출하는 방법이 주로 이용되고 있다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2001

현재 운영중인 주유소를 대상으로 토양 및 지하수 오염 정도를 조사하였고 오염물 제거를 위한 물리 화학적 복원기술 적용성에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 현장의 토양이나 지하수는 국지적으로 차이가 있었으나 토양오염 대책기준을 초과하여 토양층에 유동성 (Free Liquid) 상태의 유류가 존재할 정도로 상당히 오염되어 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 유류 오염 토양에 pilot scale 규모의 토양세척법과 토양가스추출법 (SVE)을 설치하여 운전하였다. 토양세척법의 경우 계면활성제인 Tween80 용액을 주입 한 후 하부에서 추출된 유출수내의 오염물질의 농도를 측정한 결과 용해도 증가에 의하여 TPH 농도의 증가는 약 10배에 이르는 것으로 조사되었으나 유류 유동성의 증가는 관측되지 않았다. SVE법의 경우 추출 1일 경과 후 BTEX와 TPH에 대하여 각각 4kg/day 및 90 kg/day의 최대 제거효율을 보였으며 추출이 지속됨에 따라 제거율이 감소하였다. SVE공정의 효과적 운영을 위하여는 지하수위의 높이에 대한 고려와 오염물의 휘발화 (volatilization)와 추출속도의 평형화를 위한 조절이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.