• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.322-334
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• 2007

This study covers the investigation of the actual condition in the workplace to produce plastics products using synthetic resins and the investigation on the trends amount of the domestic production of thermoplastic resins. To analyze the monomers included in thermoplastic resins frequently used in the workplace, we analyzed thermal characteristics for test compounds using thermogravimetric analysis and did the qualitative analysis using Pyrolyzer GC-MSD & TDS GC-MSD. And then we classified the health hazard of monomers based on GHS classification criteria using information toxicity & carcinogenicity. The number of the workplace to produce plastics products among all domestic manufacturers of 73,884 was 4,391 (5.94%). The number of workers to produce plastics products among all workers of 2,522,750 in all domestic manufacturers was 104,971 (4.16%). The amount of production per year for thermoplastic resins is in the order of PP, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, ABS, PS and such compounds was producing over 1 Million ton per year each. The classification result based on GHS classification criteria for 22 main compounds included thermoplastic resins says 2 compounds of acrylonitrile, naphthalene are in Acute oral category 3 and benzene is in Acute dermal category 1. The classification results of health hazard of carcinogenicity based on IARC & ACGIH carcinogen classification says 2 compounds of benzene, vinyl chloride are in category 1A (known to be human carcinogens).

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was intended to identify hazard contribution by region, media, and chemical by calculating a hazard-based index using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: PRTR data for the period 2011 to 2016 was analyzed to examine the regional trends in toxic releases in terms of quantity and to create a corresponding hazard-based index. For the hazard-based index, the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Model was used. Results: The results of the trend analysis show that total releases decreased slightly, but health hazard levels increased consistently. According to the outcome of regional contribution analysis of the hazard-based index, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeonggi-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index for air and water release pollutants, while Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index of soil release and waste transfer pollutants. Also, as a result of the analysis of the top ranked substances in the hazard-based index, it was found that chromium, cobalt and its compounds, and ethylene oxide contributed greatly to air release substances, while chromium, benzene, and lead and its compounds contributed greatly to water release substances. Conclusion: These results showed considerable disparities between total release and health hazard levels, especially in the analysis of contribution by regions and by chemical substance. Therefore, the hazard-based index should be used both to support a more comprehensive and robust approach to screening of chemicals for environmental health policy and for management.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.530-539
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• 1997

This study was conducted to assess the health risk on the volatile organic compounds such as toluene, xylene, and styrene in painting workplace. It was monitored through personal air sampling during working time in selected 5 workplaces and analysed using gas chromatography. For the settlement of exposure situation, there were regarded working conditions such as working hours, yearly working days, and working years. Also, Monte-Carlo simulation was used for the induction of hazard index using toxicity value from IRIS(Integrated risk information system) database. The results of risk assessment were summarized as follows. 1. The air concentration of toluene was $7.096{\pm}15,644ppm,\;2.586{\pm}4.275ppm\;for\;xylene,\;1.914{\pm}5.320ppm$ for styrene in blast painting workplaces. The level of toluene was different significantly compared with the level of xylene and styrene. 2. Computated chronic daily intake values of 95th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 9.616, 3.567, 2.782 mg/kg/day, respectively. 3. Computated hazard index values of 75th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 3.5, 1.0 and 1.6, respectively. Adverse health effects on the toluene, xylene and styrene would be expected by working exposure in selected 5 workplaces since the hazard indices of three compounds were exceeded 1 in the surroundings of 75th percentile though having the low emerged frequency.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1999

This study focused on risk assessment for inhalation of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Ulsan industrial complex area. For non-carcinogenic risk, even the highest hazard index of toluene was estimated to be $4.8\times10^{-2}$, which was much lower than 1. The total hazard index of VOCs was estimated to be $5.8\times10^{-2}$. However, lifetime average cancer risk from the inhalation of airborne VOCs was estimated to be about $1.1\times10^{-3}/$, which was much higher than a risk standard of $10^{-5}$. The risk of $4.4\times10^{-5}$. came from benzene, the only human carcinogen among VOCs, while that of $1.05\times10^{-3}$ from probable human carcinogens including 1,3-butadiene and 1,2-dichloroethane. About 70% and 20% of total VOC cancer risk was due to the inhalation of 1,3-butadiene and 1,2-dichloroethane, respectively. Therefore, proper risk management of these 3 VOCs was required for the protection of health from cancer burden in Ulsan industrial complex area.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.257-267
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• 1997

This study focuses on the health risk assessment of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a petrochemical complex, with several emphases on a risk assessment method. The first emphasis is on the importance of hazard identification to determine the likely carcinogenic potential of a VOC. Without considering this type of information, a direct comparison of the carcinogenic risks of two pollutants is meaningless. Therefore, wer suggest that this type of information be prepared and be listed with the estimate of cancer risk in parallel. The second emphasis is on the selection of a better dose-response model to estimate unit risk or cancer potency factor of a carcinogenic VOC. Finally, probilistic risk assessment method is discussed and recommended to use within a comparison of conventional point-estimate method. A health risk assessment has also been carried out. For non-carcinogenic risk, even the highest hazard index for carbon tetrachloride is estimated to be less than 1 with the other VOCs less than 0.03. However, the lifetime cancer risk from the inhalation of airborne VOCs is estimated to be about $2.6 \times 10^{-4}$ which is higher than the risk standard of $10^{-6}$ or even $10^{-5}$. Therefore, the investigation into domestic petrochemical complexes should be strengthened to obtain more fine long-term airborne VOC data.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1999

시중 유통되고 있는 50종의 목제 주방기구와 위생용품을 각각 benzene과 n-heptane에 용출시켜 GC-MSD를 이용하여 분석한 결과, naphthalene과 diethyl phthalate는 모든 조건에서 검출되지 않았으나, biphenyl의 경우 전 제품에서 미량이 검출되었다. Biphenyl은 자작나무 수입 원목과 국산 원목에서도 각각 0.25 ppm, 0.34 ppm 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 biphenyl의 검출량은 목제를 가공하는 과정 중에 감소하며, 그 검출량은 과일의 잔류 허용치 (110 ppm)에 비해 극히 미량인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 biphenyl의 유입경로는 제품의 제조 및 생산과정에서 첨가되었다기 보다는 제제 자체에 잔존한다고 추정되며, 이러한 biphenyl의 잔존량은 인체에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 농도는 아닌 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2005

The study was carried out to improve and regulate the drinking water quality standard and drinking water quality monitoring substances. For the reliability and safety of finished water, It has been monitored for trace organic and inorganic compounds of 333 in finished water of water treatment plants during 1989 to 2003. As a result of monitoring, 51 compounds were detected from 333 compounds, and it has been regulated the drinking water quality standard of 26 substances and 20 mitoring substance. Improvement and regulation method of the drinking water quality standard was performed by comparing and analyzing with detection concentration, detection frequency, risk assessment and foreign drinking water quality standard.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.122-129
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• 1997

지하저장탱크에서 누출된 유기화합물은 인근의 토양과 지하수를 오염시키고 있다. 지하저장탱크를 관리하기 위해서는 탱크로 인한 환경 위해가능성을 파악할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 지하저장탱크의 상대적 위해성을 추정할 수 있는 예비평가체계를 구축하였다. 지하저장탱크에 대한 위해성 예비평가체계를 평가인자의 선정, 평가인자의 계층구조화, 평가인자별 가중치 설정, 위해가능성 총점수 산정, 위해성평가 등 다섯 단계로 구성하였다. 구축된 예비평가체계를 서울시 관악구 소재 주유소에 적용하였고, 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 평가한 결과, 사례지역의 주유소는 위해가능성에 따라 세가지로 분류되는데 상대적으로 위해성이 높은 7개소의 주유소가 파악되었다. 또한 민감도 분석을 통하여 가중치 변화에 영향을 받지 않고 위해성이 높게 나타나는 4개소의 주유소를 파악하였다. 본 평가체계는 계층구조와 쌍대비교에 의한 가중치설정기법을 도입하였으므로 사용자가 자신의 전문적인 경험에 따라 본 평가체계를 유연하게 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 앞으로 현장조사결과와 비교하여 평가체계를 검증하고 갱신하는 작업이 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.242-249
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• 2007

Indoor air quality has become a topic of interest and concern. Especially changes in construction design and the increased use of synthetic products may result in an increasing of complaints and health effects about the quality of indoor air at home. In this study, nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) within new and established apartments on the basis of 4 years of building year were measured every 3 days consecutively during 60 days. We selected each 10 house in Seoul, Asan and Daegu, respectively, and produced risk numbers for hazard quotients, and predicted increases in incidence of cancer. The calculations were made for the adult with default exposure values and also made for a worst case scenario using Monte-Carlo simulation as describing the reasonable exposure(RME). Mean of Monte carlo analysis by benzene, in the construction under 4 years (male: $9.2{\times}10^{-5}$, female: $1.0{\times}10^{-4}$) and over 4 years (male: $6.8{\times}10^{-5}$, female: $8.3{\times}10^{-5}$) exceeded $10^{-6}$ of permitted standards in US EPA, RME of Monte carlo analysis. In construction under 4 yews (male: $9.9{\times}10^{-3}$, female: $9.6{\times}10^{-3}$) and over 4 years (male: $9.8{\times}10^{-3}$, female: $7.8{\times}10^{-3}$) exceeded $10^{-4}$ of maximum permitted standards in US EPA. The hazard index of non-carcinogenic pollutants by nitrogen dioxide, toluene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene, both male and female in apartment constructed under 4 yews and over 4 years was found less than the permitted standards of hazardous health effects in CTE. Significant cancer risks and non-cancer hazard quotients were predicted in under 4 yews of building year.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1994

Since trihalomethanes (THMs) and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected and measured in drinking water supplies in 1974, because of the frequent occurrence of these compounds and the potential health hazard they pose, several methods for detecting VOCs have been developed. The most widely accepted method for the analysis of THMs and other VOCs is a purgeand-trap method. In the analysis of VOCs by purge-and-trap,there are several factors which may give rise to errors. Some of the factors to be considered are purge time, carryover effect, cryofocusing temperature, and trap desorption temperature. In this study,many aspects of purge-and-trap were investigated. Understanding the sources of error makes it possible to adapt the analysis parameters to compensate for such effects.