• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 1991

Storage in the form of brown or milled rice saves space and cut cost rather than storage of rough rice, the common way of grain storage in Korea. But, brown or milled rice may be more susceptable to grain aging and sensory change than rough rice. Rice stored in government warehouse for 20 months after harvest was hulled into brown or milled rice and packaged with kraft paper bag (paper package), polyprophylen (PP package), and polyethylene (PE package). Then, after those rice packages were stored under room condition for one year, we investigated germinability, fat acidity, and sensory change to determine milling and packaging effects. Germinability of rough and brown rice was decreased significantly after long-term storge. In germination rate, Chucheong cultivar was lower than Milyang #23, brown rice was lower than rough rice, but there was no differences within packaging materials. TTC test which had a significant correlation with germinability can be used as a handy procedure for predicting grain germination. Fat acidity was increased as the order of rough < milled < brown rice in terms of milling, and PP < paper < PE package in terms of packaging materials. Especially, storage of brown rice increased fat acidity above 30 mg KOH, indicating one of characteristics of grain aging. To prevent from high fat acidity it was necessary to store in forms of rough grain with paper or PP packaging and milled rice with paper, or PP, or PE packaging. In sensory test of stored grain, eating quality in brown rice was the worst because of acidification of fatty acid. Also, eating quality of stored grain became worse as fat acidity increased.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of temperature and photoperiod on the growth of Fagopyrum tataricum. It showed a tendency to promote the germination rate and plant height of tatary buckwheat under high temperature. Plant height and number of leaves were promoted in the order of 25>20>15>30℃ under the different temperature after 30 days of the planting. In the 10, 12, 14hr photoperiods at 20℃, plant height, number of leaves and dry weight were increased as much as photoperiod became long except by 16hr. Rutin contents was not regular both common and tatary buckwheat under the photoperiods. The rutin content in leaves was higher than stem. Compared to yield of tatary and common buckwheat, plant height, number of leaves, number of branch and stem diameter of tatary buckwheat increased more than common buckwheat. Especially, number of leaves was increased about 2.5 times more than common buckwheat. And there was a difference in about 2.1 times in grain weight and about 5.4 times in number of grains. Rutin content of plant parts was higher in the order of leaf>stem>grain in common buckwheat at the harvest. But it was higher with order of leaf>grain>stem in tatary buckwheat. Rutin content was 1469.8mg/100g in grain of tatary buckwheat. It was about 60 times higher than 22mg/100g in grain of common buckwheat.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2022

In this study, the physical properties of the medium and changes in the wood chemical composition of the sawdust were investigated during the cultivation of oak mushroom sawdust bags, and the following results were obtained. After inoculation, the weight of the medium decreased during the incubation period. It is determined that this is not due to evaporation of moisture containing the medium or decomposition of sawdust, but to decomposition of rice bran, a low molecular substance added to the medium. It was confirmed that the moisture content of the medium was steadily increased during incubation, and it was estimated that the organic substrates such as rice brane in the medium was decomposed by mycelium, and water, one of the decomposition products of organic substrates, caused an increase in the moisture content of the medium. Along with the increase in the harvest of oak mushrooms, the proportion of organic substances such as holocellulose and lignin, the main components of the wood cell wall of sawdust, steadily decreased. In particular, the degradation characteristics of the wood cell wall component of shiitake, which is a white rot fungi, were confirmed by higher lignin reduction rate than that of holocellulose. On the other hand, ash, which is an inorganic material, increased with an increase in the number of mushroom harvests. The increase in the amount of ash in the medium may have been due to the decrease in the organic matter content such as holocellulose and lignin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.266-266
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• 2022

The outbreaks of blast, bacterial blight and viral diseases have been increasing in early maturing rice cultivating areas in the central northern regions, recently. As the occurrence of sudden insects pests and disasters increases due to global climate warming, it is urgent to develop a variety of disaster-tolerant, high-quality varieties in response. This study was carried out to elucidate the characteristics of early-maturing, high-quality and multiple disease resistant rice variety, Cheolweon109 that was adapted to cultivation in the mid-mountainous regions of the central northern regions. Cheolweon109 was derived from a cross between Suweon546, medium maturing variety, and Sangju44 which is early maturing and resistant to blast, bacterial blight and rice stripe virus. The heading date of Cheolweon109 was July 30, 3 days later than Odae. The culm length of Cheolweon109 was 79 cm, which was about 5 cm taller than Odae, and the ripening ratio was 85.1%, which was 10% higher than that of Odae. This variety had 5.54 MT/ha of milled rice productivity, which was 99% of the Odae. Although Cheolweon109 was tall, it was strong against lodging. It was strong against bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race), rice stripe virus, and the pre-harvest sprouting which rate was 2.4%. The appearance of the grains of rice was clean, the glossiness was 70.6, and the head rice ratio was 95.3% high. Because Cheolweon109 had superior disease resistance, disaster resistance, and high quality than Odae, it was expected that can be used to expand the diversity of early maturing and high-quality rice varieties in central northern regions.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2024

Thrips infest hot peppers (Capsicum annuum) cultivating in open fields and give serious economic damages. This study reports their yearly occurrence from transplanting to harvest at three different places in Andong, an intense hot pepper-cultivating area. Two main occurrence peaks were detected in June and September. Two dominant thrips were the flower flowers, Frankliniella occidentalis and F. intonsa, which comprised of over 87% of the total occurring thrips. Other thrips did not follow the occurrence peaks of the two dominant species. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected from the dominant two species, in which higher viruliferous rate was recorded in F. intonsa. Although the hot peppers were the resistant varieties against TSWV, some of them cultivating in the fields exhibited a characteristic disease symptom infected by the virus over the growing seasons. TSWV was isolated from the viruliferous thrips and assessed in NSs sequences encoded in S RNA segment of the virus. Compared to the known resistance breaking (RB) strains, the TSWV isolated from the viruliferous thrips in Andong did not show any RB mutations.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2013

To evaluate the effect of surface contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) on the microbiological safety of lettuce, this study was conducted to investigate the attachment, biofilm producing, survival, and cross-contamination of E. coli O157:H7 on stainless steel and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The attachment rate of E. coli O157:H7 on PVC was 10 times higher than that on stainless steel after exposure 1 h in cell suspension. However, there was not a difference between two types of surface after exposure for 6 h and 24h. The biofilm producing of E. coli O157:H7 was TSB > 10% lettuce extracts > 1% lettuce extracts > phosphate buffer. When two kinds of materials were stored at various conditions ($20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, relative humidity (RH) 43%, 69%, and 100%), the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 at $30^{\circ}C$, RH 43% or RH 69% were reduced by 5.0 log CFU/coupon within 12 h regardless of material type. Conversely, the survival of E. coli O157:H7 at RH 100% was lasted more than 5 days. In addition, the reduction rate of E. coli O157:H7 was decreased in the presence of organic matter. The transfer efficiency of E. coli O157:H7 from the contaminated surface to lettuce was dependent upon the water amount of the surface of lettuce. Especially, the transfer rate of E. coli O157:H7 was increased by 10 times in the presence of water on the lettuce surface. From this study, the retention of E. coli O157:H7 on produce contact surfaces increase the risk cross-contamination of this pathogen to produce. Thus, it is important that the surface in post harvest facility is properly washed and sanitized after working for prevention of cross-contamination from surface.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 1991

Silage productivity of two sorghum hybrids. Pioneer(P) 931 and P 956, and green fodder productivity of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, P 988, were tested at four levels of seeding rates (1, 2, 3, and 4 kg/lOa). The 1st-cut of sorghum hybrids of P 931 and P 956 was made at milk ripe stage for silage on July 22 and 31, respectively and regrowth was harvested on Oct. 13. The 1st-and 2nd-cut of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid were made at flag leaf emerging stage for green fodder on July 26 and Aug. 16 and 3rd-cut was harvested on Oct. 13. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1. Growth stage, culm length or plant height, and percent dry matter (DM) were similar among the seeding rates. Percent DM of sorghum hybrids ranged 26.9-31.2% regardless hybrids and t ~ m e of harvest. However, in the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid percent DM of the 1st-cut. 2nd-cut, and 3rd-cut ranged 10.0-10.7% 18.2-19.97% and 24.6-27.8% respectively.2. In sorghum hybrids crude(C) fiber content of P 931 was higher, but nitrogen free extract (NFE) was lower compared with those of P 956 and C. protein and C. fat were similar between two hybrids. However, C. protein and C. ash of sorghum hybrids were lower, but C. fiber and NFE were higher compared with those of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and C. fat was similar between two crops.3. Total DM yield was greater in the order of P 931>P 956>P 988. The optimum seeding rate for both silage yield of sorghum hybrids and green fodder of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid was 2-4 kg/lOa. However, yield of the 1st-cut tended to increase as seeding rate increased.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.226-232
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of night and daytime temperatures on growth and yield of paprika 'Fiesta' and 'Jubilee' under soil culture experiment in the vinyl houses during the 2003 and 2004 season. Total fruit yield was greater in 'Fiesta' than 'Jubilee' Marketable yield was not different between two cultivars, due to lower $\%$ marketable fruits in 'Fiesta'. mean Fruit weight was not different between two cultivars. Difference of yield between cultivars was due to fruit number, harves time and root condition. It was caused by cracked fruits to decrease $\%$ marketable fruits. Total yield was greater in nighttime temperature of $18^{\circ}C\;than\;15^{\circ}C$ and marketable yield was considerably greater because of $\%$ marketable fruits was higher. Mean fruit weight was slightly greater in nighttime temperature of $15^{\circ}C\;than\;18^{\circ}C$. Difference of fruit yield in treatments of nighttime temperature was due to fruit number and harvest time. There was not significant difference of yield between daytime temperature of $28^{\circ}C\;and\;31^{\circ}C$, but in $34^{\circ}C$, total and marketable yields were the least and mean fruit weight was the smallest because of decreased $CO_2$ concentration in the house, accerated vegetative growth, and the least chlorophyll content. There were no significant difference in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, maximal photochemical efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities of all temperature treatments in this experiment. However it was clear that a little difference in error range of these results affects the source of crops in any case. It was not acknowledged that compensation effect by high temperature in daytime to the low temperature treatment in nighttime.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.388-398
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• 2020

Watermelon yield mainly depends on soil water content controlled by irrigation in a plastic greenhouse. In this study, we investigated the effect of different soil moisture contents affected by irrigation starting point on growth, yield, and physiological responses of small-sized watermelons. Irrigation was initiated at 5 different levels of soil water content as a starting point with soil moisture detecting sensor after 14 days of transplanting, and stopped at 7 ~ 10 days before harvest. These treatments were compared with the conventional periodic irrigation as control. When soil had the lowest moisture content (-50 kPa), the overall shoot growth was retarded, but the root length and root dry weight increased. The photosynthetic parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) of watermelon leaves decreased significantly in the lowest soil moisture content (-50 kPa). On the other hand, the photosynthetic rates of watermelon leaves grown with irrigation starting point between -20 and -40 kPa were observed to be higher than those of other treatments. Fruit set rate and marketable fruit yield increased significantly at -30 kPa and -40 kPa. Proline, abscisic acid (ABA), total phenol and citrulline, which are known to contribute to stress tolerance under drought condition, increased as soil water content decreased, particularly, the largest increases were recorded at -50 kPa. From these results, it was found that an appropriate water supply adjusted with an irrigation starting point between -30 and -40 kPa could help to keep favorable soil water content during the cultivation of small-sized watermelons, promoting the marketable fruit production as well as inducing the vigorous plant growth and reproductive development.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2008

This study was conducted to find on the screening of a optimal variety after compare with characteristics of a colored soybean recommended and a vegetable soybean by pure line isolation from the indigenous variety in Chungnam area. The budding period in results compared with a budding property of testing varieties between the recommended colored soybean 6 varieties and the indigenous 3 varieties, was showed that it was delayed by increasing of a grain weight but the budding rate was not significant. And the harvest period was the most early day at the black colored soybean plot at the 30th July and was the latest day at the native variety (Nonsan jaerae) at the 21 th October. The stem length was showed a wide range from 25 to 104 cm, and the Asan jaerae in this result was the highest on 104 cm, but the Geomjeongolkong was the lowest on 25 cm. The number of pod per plant was searched about 9 to 111 range, and the most numerous plot in this experimental varieties was the Ilpumgeomjeongkong as 111 number, on the other hand, the least variety was the Asan jaerae as 9 number. The rate of more than 2 seed per pod in the vegetable soybean property was the highest at the Geomjeongolkong about 82%. Additionally, the Hwangkuemkong and Geomjeongkong 1 was relatively the high levels as 78% and 73%, respectively. At the pod yield per $1000\;m^2$ (10a) was the most much as 1,567 kg at the Ilpumgeomjeongkong. Also, the Sunheukkong and the Galmikong was 1,468 kg, 1,397 kg, respectively. Therefore, the Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Sunheukkong, and Galmikong were proper varieties for the vegetable cultivation.