• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 2016

Literacy on food additives of elementary school teachers (ET) and nutrition teachers (NT) could be influential factor on safe dietary education for school children. Therefore, the perceptions and information needs on food additives were surveyed from 351 elementary school teachers and nutrition teachers in metropolitan area of Korea, and the basic data for the promotion of risk communication on food additives among them were obtained. Compared to ET who consider 'taste' (39.1%) as the most important factor while purchasing food, NT considered 'safety' (68.1%) first (p < 0.001). Among the food labelling items, the level of understanding on food additives was the lowest both in ET (3.53) and NT (4.17), and NT showed better levels of understanding overall on food labels. Both ET and NT regarded hazardous factors of food as environmental pollutants, foodborne pathogens, and food additives in order, and tended to select 'no additives' or 'no artificial color' products while purchasing processed food. Although NT answered that they know all food additives had been passed the evaluation of safety and effectiveness tests (100%) and have standards of use (81.9%), majority of them (87.5%) believed the consumption of food additives are harmful on human health. ET (75.2%) also regarded food additives as dangerous materials. Above results suggested the necessity of proper and enough risk communication for both ET and NT. Both ET and NT wanted to have information on the safety or hazard of food additives. Most preferred media to get the information on food additives was TV (3.80) among ET and lecture (3.65) among NT. ET and NT trusted hospital, research institution/universities or the personnels working in these institutions as the provider of information on food additives. The result that the trust levels of ET and NT on government were relative low suggested the weakness of risk communication in Korean government. Although ET and NT answered that they do not trust mass media, their behaviors were affected by them such as reading food labels in ET (39.4%) and reducing the consumption of food additives in NT (50%). They also indicated mass media's problem of sensitive approach on food additives and asked the urgent reaction of government by providing sound information through experts on food additives. Above results revealed that ET and NT have different perceptions and information needs on food additives, therefore, proper risk communication should be provided for them to serve as dietary educators for elementary school children.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.151-186
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• 2009

This article focuses on analysing and interpreting cultural imperialism issues that have long been debated. One of issues among them is related to the characteristics of international cultural fluid. What had been debated is that cultural imperialism has been ended or not and the debates were connected to the so called 'reverse cultural imperialism'. The other issue is about this fluid is the continuation of globalization or a part of localization and this is related to the phenomena of cultural homogenization or hybrid. General trend was that simplistic cultural imperialism which had been occurred during the 1970s and 1980s was no longer effective but global dominance by transnational global media is still strong and worldwide. Therefore my research interest is centered on how they look international cultural exchanges with regard to cultural imperialism. And is the framework of cultural imperialism thesis still effective tool in researching and analysing international cultural flows? How do we look globalization relating to international exchanges? Is globalization an another aspect of imperialism? In conclusion, international cultural fluid is not so simple. Like natural phenomena or human progress, a phenomenon is not consisted of a single factor or relation. Cultural fluid is a complex one mixed with various phenomena and relations. This is related to internal and external contradictions, internal and external dynamics of a society and nation, and social and cultural life of human beings. Recent research results show that globalization and localization are closely related to many country's programming schedule, and particular cultural interpretation of specific programmes and culture are adopted to the country's culture and patterns. Cultural fluid has both-sides. One the hand it has useful and positive sides and on the other hand it has harmful and negative aspects. Imperialistic factor, globalization, cultural homogenization or hybrid are all operated and functioned together in cultual fluid. It is difficult to say that cultural imperialism thesis has been ended because American and global media's dominance is still effective. What needed at this time for us is a complex and dynamic analysis of international cultural fluid instead of simplistic cultural imperialism.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2021

In this study, the assessment of field applicability of in-situ remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater located in Yesan-gun was performed. Zero-valent iron/bio composite media injected PRB (Permeable Reactive Barrier) and monitoring well were installed in the contaminated groundwater site and monitored main remediation indicators during the PRB operation. Nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, Fe ion, TOC, and turbidity were analyzed and the diversity and population of microorganism in the PRB installed site were investigated for the verification of effect of injected PRB. In the study site where is an agricultural area, a river flows from west to east that forms a river boundary and the southern area has an impermeable sector. It was found that nitrate flows into the river, which is similar as groundwater flow. Simulation result for the fate of nitrate in groundwater showed steady state of nitrate arrived after 3~5 years passed. However, it is just to consider current conditions with no additional input of contaminant source, if additional input of contaminant source occurs contamination dispersion and time for steady state are expected to be increased. The monitoring results showed that Fe ion, TOC and turbidity in groundwater were not clearly changed in concentration after PRB installation, which indicates adaptability of the injected PRB for remediation of groundwater with no additional harmful effect to water quality. The concentration of nitrate maintained less than 5mg/L until 42 days after PRB installation and recovered its initial concentration after 84 days passed and showed termination of reactivity of injected zero-valent iron/bio composite media for removal nitrate. Nitrite and ammonia ions found after installation of PRB indicates reductive removal of nitrate. And the outstanding increase of microorganism diversity and population of Betaproteobacteria Class which includes denitrification microorganism explains biologically reductive removal of nitrate in injected PRB.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.7-31
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• 2023

The climate crisis threatens Earth's ecosystems and biodiversity. In particular, it can be said that the cause of the global crisis began with human greed. An educational alternative is needed to change the Christian worldview that causes greed. The purpose of this study is to find ways to apply democratic citizenship education to Christian education as an alternative to overcome the climate crisis. The contents of the study to achieve the purpose were first the essence of Christian citizenship education was examined by dividing it into citizenship education, democratic citizenship education, and Christian citizenship education. Second, The model of democratic citizenship education was established by defining its goals, content, methods, and directions within the context of Christian citizenship education. Third, the application plan of Christian education for democratic citizenship education was classified into 7 categories and proposed; environmental education to overcome the climate crisis, ethical education to restore the public role of the church, education to form God's character, education to realize the village education community, education that promotes Christ's peace and Christ education that fosters consideration for multicultural individuals, and literacy education to prevent the negative impacts of digital media culture. Next, the plan to apply democratic citizenship education to Christian education is, first, to reduce human greed and restore God's creation order through environmental education that can overcome the climate crisis. Second, through ethics education to restore the church's public nature, it is necessary to restore the church's role for the church's moral empathy and publicity. Third, through the education that forms the God's character, it is necessary to form a mature character of faith in which personality and faith are harmonious and balanced. Fourth, schools, villages, and churches form a community through education that realizes a village education community so that the members of the village can obtain educational results. Fifth, through education that aims for the peace of the God Christians should be able to live as Christian democratic citizens who achieve peace in the kingdom of God. Sixth, through education that considers multicultural people, faith education that helps them overcome discrimination, exclusion, and hatred toward multicultural people with the love of Jesus Christ and seek a life of coexistence. Seventh, through literacy education that prevents the harmful effects of digital media culture, personal ability to read and write in media should ultimately be improved to the ability to practice socially.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.345-351
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• 2000

Objective: Hatching of the blastocyst from the zona pellucida (ZP) is a key event in mammalian implantation. In vivo, two factors have been identified as possible mediators of hatching: lysis of the ZP by substances elaborated either from the embryo or female reproductive tract and pressure exerted on the zona by expansion of the blastocyst. Two methods of zona manipulation were already in use to enhance the ability of embryos to hatch: mechanical PZD and chemical ZD by acidic Tyrode's solution. But several controversies of each method have been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pronase for mouse embryo hatching. Methods: Mouse embryos were obtained following ovulation induction of $F_1$ animals. Fresh and cryo-thawed morula embryos were exposed to 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 ${\mu}g/ml$ pronase in Ham's F10 for 72 hrs. Main outcome measures were the rates of partial hatching and completely hatched blastocysts, and cell number of it. Results: In fresh and cryo-thawed group, the rates of completely hatched blastocyst were significantly higher in 5 ${\mu}g/ml$ pronase treatment group than control group. There was no difference in completely hatched blastocyst total cell number between pronase treatment group and control group. This suggest that pronase treatment did not harmful in mouse embryo development. In pronase treatment group, zona pellucida were thinner than control group. Conclusion: The addition of pronase to culture media may accelerate the hatching of embryo. So, enzymatic treatment of the zona may provide a valuable and effective assisted hatching technique for human in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2014

In porcine embryo culture, one of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is harmful factors that are made during in vitro culture. To decrease the detrimental effect of ROS on embryo development, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase could be used in the embryo culture. Out of these antioxidants, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) was reported its antioxidant effects to prevent the glutamine-triggered apoptosis. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the most appropriate concentration of 7,8-DHF in porcine embryonic development. For that, 5 different concentration (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, $2{\mu}m$) of 7,8-DHF was supplemented in the porcine IVM media and then maturation and blastocyst formation rates were compared among 5 groups. In maturation rates of porcine oocytes, significant higher maturation rates was shown in the $1.0{\mu}m$ group compared with another 4 groups ($83.3{\pm}2.1$ vs. $80.7{\pm}1.4$, $79.8{\pm}1.4$, $78.3{\pm}1.2$, $79.4{\pm}1.6$), respectively (P<0.05). In the embryo culture, $1.0{\mu}m$ group also showed the significant higher cleavage rates ($76.8{\pm}3.1$ vs. $62.1{\pm}5.0$, $65.7{\pm}4.0$, $68.6{\pm}3.7$, $64.6{\pm}4.0%$) and blastocyst formation rates - ($39.6{\pm}4.0%$ vs. $28.6{\pm}3.3$, $31.1{\pm}3.9$, $29.3{\pm}2.5$, $39.6{\pm}4.0$, $26.4{\pm}3.2%$), respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among 5 groups in the cell number of blastocyst (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplement of $1.0{\mu}m$ of 7,8-DHF was effective to increase the porcine embryonic development competence as antioxidant to ROS.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.28
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• pp.111-140
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• 2005

Most of studies on the press during the period of Japanese occupation in Korea have focused on the activities of newspapers in 1920s. These past studies didn't examine the whole process of change of the press under the Japanese occupation in Korea. Thus, this study tried to investigate the change of the tenor of Korean newspaper editorials on the ruling policies during the end of the colonial period in Korea as a part of attempts exceeding the limit of past studies. After the outbreak of the war between China and Japan in 1937, the Korean newspapers were full of stereotyped editorials resembling in a way official gazette. Dong-A Ilbo and Cho-Sun Ilbo represented the purpose of the war was to emancipate Asian countries from Western imperialist countries and to establish the peace of the Asia. Simultaneously, two newspapers played an important role in assimilating the Korean people into the Japanese and mobilizing them to the war, The tenor of these editorials was affected by intensified control over the press and the change of the consciousness of journalists. In conclusion, these newspapers had a harmful influence on the Korean people as a weapon to the movement to organize and mobilize them. Therefore the interest for researching on the pro-Japanese press should be taken in view of 'resistance' and 'collaboration.'

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 1994

In mammalian development, the embryo which is in the process of compaction, involves a progressive flattening of blastomeres against each other with the consequence that the embryo assumes a spherical shape. This stage happens in the first differentiation. The present study was aimed to examine the involvement of other metal ions in compaction by treating with various divalent cations in the absence of $Ca^{++}$. When 8-cell embryos were cultured in $Ca^{++}$-free medium for 24hrs, they developed to 16-cell stage but did not compaction, and degenerated after 48hrs of culture. Embryos were cultured in $Ca^{++}$-free medium for 24hrs and then transferred to the control medium showed the normal compaction afterwards. When 8-cell embryos were cultured in the presence of $Ni^{++}$, known as a $Ca^{++}$ inhibitor, they cleaved to 16-cell stage but did not compact in the absence of $Ca^{++}$. On the other hand, embryos cultured in the media containing both $Ca^{++}$ and $Ni^{++}$ developed normally so that they underwent compaction during culture for 48hrs. However, they failed to hatch during further 24hrs in the same medium, indicationg that $Ni^{++}$ may exert some harmful effects. Embryos grow in the control medium that contained $Ca^{++}$ but not $Ni^{++}$, developed to the hatched blastocysts. The treatment with $Cd^{++}$ $10^{-1}$,$10^{-2}{\mu}M$, $Mn^{++}$ or $Ba^{++}$ 10,100, $1000{\mu}M$ in $Ca^{++}$-free medium, respectively, inhibited compaction and embryonic degeneration began as in $Ca^{++}$-free medium. When 3, 5, 10mM of $Sr^{++}$, known as a substitute for $Ca^{++}$ in cell, was added to $Ca^{++}$-free medium, respectively, compaction was induced unlike the above metal ions. Embryos were cultured in $Sr^{++}$ developed to blastocysts, but failed to hatch after 72hrs and degenrated. On the other hand, when embryos were cultured in 3, 5, 10mM of $Sr^{++}$ but in $Ca^{++}$-free medium for 24hrs respectively and then transferred to the control, they showed the similiar development as that in the control.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.547-556
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• 2013

Recently, golf courses have increased over the years because golf became popular leisure sport. Various environmental problems have been then issued by a golf course during constructing and running them. A problem of pesticide, which is serious among various environmental problems, from golf course has harmful effect on surrounding area and makes human suffer from acute and chronic diseases. Pesticides are used for the cost-effective managing of golf course and the amount of pesticides also increases as the number of golf course increase. Since the assessment of pesticides on near-by surrounding has been focused on water and soil media, studies related to atmospheric dispersion have been hardly attempted. The method to assess an impact of pesticide nearby agricultural production by the atmospheric dispersion using AGDISP(AGricultural DISPersal) model was developed and applied to the actual planned golf course located in Hongcheon, Gangwon. For implementing AGDISP, parameters were investigated from the golf course's land use planning map, pesticide spray device, Hong-Cheon weather station and etc. First of all, a kind of pesticide, a form of spraying pesticide, geographical features, weather data, and distance(golf course to plantation) were investigated to understand how to work these parameters in AGDISP. Restricted data(slope angle, droplet size distribution and solar insolation) sensitivity analysis of these parameters to estimate effect of pesticide nearby a plantation and a high relative contribution data of analyzed data was selected for input data. Ethoprophos was chosen as the pesticide used in the golf course and the amounts of pesticide deposition per annual agricultural productions were predicted. The results show that maximum amount of pesticide deposition through atmospheric dispersion was predicted $2.32{\mu}/m^2$ at 96 m where the nearest organic plantation exists. The residues of pesticide were also estimated based on the annul production of the organic and the deposition amount of the pesticide. Consequently, buckwheat, wheat and millet were likely to exceed maximum residue limits for pesticides in foods(MRL) and sorghum, corn and peanut were likely to exceed MRL by organic farming as well.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 1999

In the past several years phytoremediation, defined as the use of plants for removing contaminants from media such as soils or water, has attracted a great deal of interest as a potentially useful remediation technology We attempted to assess the effectiveness of phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils in a green house. Screening test for selecting an appropriate plant was performed by observing the harmful effects of diesel dosage on the growth of 4 plants. Alfalfa was selected as a potentially useful plant among corn and barnyard grasses due to its high tolerance to the toxicity of diesel in growth. Bioremediation of the artificial diesel-contaminated soil packed in the PVC columns(0.3m in diameter $\times$ 1m in length) with air supplied, alfalfa planted, and alfalfa and air supplied was investigated for 100 days. The results of the column test showed plant effects on enhancing the biodegradation of diesel in the contaminated soils compared to the control column which had no plant. Injecting air to the columns during phytoremediation also showed additional effects on the removal rate of diesel. Comparison of microbial activity in each test column showed a beneficial effect of plants in the soil remediation processes. This results can be explained microbial activity in rhizosphere is a crucial factor for removing diesel.