• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

Laser Transformation Hardening(LTH) is one branch of the laser surface modification processes. A lot of energy is needed for the LTH process to elevate workpiece surface to temperature of the austenite transformation($A_3$), which results from utilizing a beam with a larger size and lower power density comparatively. This study is related to the surface hardening for the rod-shaped carbon steel by the high power diode laser whose beam absorptivity is better than conventional types of lasers such as $CO_2$ or Nd:YAG laser. Because a beam proceeds on the rotating specimen, the pretreated hardened-phase can be tempered and softened by the overlapping between hardened tracks. Accordingly, the longitudinal hardness measurement and observation of the micro structure was carried out for an assessment of the hardening characteristics. In addition, a hardening characteristics as a hardenability of materials was compared in the point of view of the hardness distribution and hardening depth and width.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2017

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) have turned out to be a vital portion of extraordinary strength and performance concrete. Metakaolin (MK) is one of SCM material is acquired by calcinations of kaolinite. Universally utilised as pozzolanic material in concrete to enhance mechanical and durability properties. This study investigates the fresh and hardened properties of conventional concrete (CC) and self compacting concrete (SCC) by partially replacing cement with MK in diverse percentages. In CC and SCC, partial replacement of cement with MK varies from 5-20%. Fresh concrete properties of CC are conducted by slump test and compaction factor tests and for SCC, slump flow, T500, J-Ring, L-Box, V-Funnel and U-Box tests. Hardened concrete characteristics are investigated by compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths at age of 7, 28 and 90 days of curing under water. Carbonation depth, water absorption and density of MK based CC and SCC was also computed. Fresh concrete test results indicated that increase in MK replacement increases workability of concrete in a constant w/b ratio. Also, outcomes reveal that concrete integrating MK had greater compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths. Optimum replacement level of MK for cement was 10%, which increased mechanical properties and robustness properties of concrete.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.246-251
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• 2005

Laser surface hardening is an effective technique used to improve the tribological properties and also to increase the service life of automobile components such as camshafts, crankshatfs, lorry brake drums and gears. High power $CO_2$ lasers and Nd:YAG lasers are employed for localized hardening of materials and hence are of potential application in the automobile industries. The heat is conducted rapidly into the bulk of the specimen causing self-quenching to occur and the formation of martensitic structure. In this investigation, the microstructure features occurring in Nd:YAG laser hardening SM45C steel are discussed with the use of optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Moreover, This paper describes the optimism of the processing parameters for maximum hardened depth of SM45C steel specimens of 3mm thickness by using CW Nd:YAG laser. Travel speed was varied from 0.6m/min to 1.0m/min. The maximum hardness and case depth fo SM45C steel are 780Hv and 0.4mm by laser hardening.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.741-750
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• 2004

경화 후 콘크리트 내부 공극은 간격계수로 특정지어질 수 있으며 이는 동결융해 저항성, 표면박리 저항성 그리고 투수성과 같은 콘크리트의 내구성에 매우 중요한 영향을 주게 된다. ASTM에 규정되어 있는 리니어트래버스방법과 수정포인트카운트 방법은 이러한 콘크리트의 공극 구조를 분석하기 위하여 사용되어져 왔다. 그러나, 이들 방법은 많은 시간과 노력을 필요로 하며 반복측정성 또한 신뢰성이 높지 못한 단점을 가지고 있다. 화상분석방법은 미세현미경, 디지털카메라 그리고 컴퓨터 프로그램을 이용하여 경화 후 콘크리트의 내부 공극 구조에 활용되어 질 수 있는 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 화상분석법의 개발과 기존의 ASTM방법에 의한 결과를 비교 분석하여 사용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 공기량과 공극분포, 공극 구조 및 간격계수와 연관성을 분석하였다. 실험적 변수는 공기연행제의 첨가률에 따른 공기량 변화와 시편 깊이에 따른 공극 구조를 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 화상분석기법을 사용할 경우에도 간격계수의 산출이 가능하였으며 또한, 공기량, 공극 크기분포, 공극 구조 등을 분석할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.543-547
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• 2015

고강도 철근을 생산하기 위해서는 템프코어(Tempcore)라고 불리는 냉각 공정이 적용되고 있는데, 템프코어를 이용하면 합금원소를 첨가하지 않고 Mild steel 로부터 강도 및 용접성이 우수한 철근을 생산 할 수 있다. 하지만 현장 설비를 이용하여 다양한 냉각 조건과 화학성분 변경의 영향을 평가하기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 템프코어 공정을 모사하기 위한 장치를 개발하였으며, 이를 이용하여 경화된 표층부, 중간영역, 연한 내부 조직으로 이루어진 템프코어 조직을 구현하였다. 실험장치는 현장 설비와 동일한 Cooler 1 기가 장착되었고, 12~13 bar 의 압력과 최대 $50m^3/h$의 유량을 공급하는 펌프라인으로 구성되어 있다. 항복강도를 기준으로 400 MPa 이상을 요구하는 강종인 SD400 모사 결과 경화층 면적비 및 냉각 깊이 별 경도가 제품과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.438-443
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• 2005

Laser surface hardening is an effective technique used to improve the tribological properties and also to increase the service life of automobile components such as camshafts, crankshatfs, lorry brake drums and gears. High power CO2 lasers and Nd:YAG lasers are employed for localized hardening of materials and hence are of potential application in the automobile industries. The heat is conducted rapidly into the bulk of the specimen causing self-quenching to occur and the formation of martensitic structure. In this investigation, the microstructure features occurring in Nd:YAG laser hardening SM45C steel are discussed with the use of optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Moreover, This paper describes the optimism of the processing parameters for maximum hardened depth of SM45C steel specimens of 3mm thickness by using CW Nd:YAG laser. Travel speed was varied from 0.6m/min to 1.0m/min. The maximum hardness and case depth fo SM45C steel are 780Hv and 0.4mm by laser hardening.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회 논문집
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• pp.67-70
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• 2006

This study investigates the properties of light weight foamed concrete designed with various incorporating ratios of CKD and adding ratios of PS. Test showed that increase of CKD and PS decreased fluidity of fresh concrete, which need more addition of superplasticizer to secure proper fluidity. As for the sinking depth of specimens, using more CKD or PS decreased the value, due to the improvement of viscosity by micro particles of CKD and reduction of air loss by PS. Those methods are very effective to solve the sinking problem of light weight foamed concrete, which has been highly concerned. For the hardened concrete, compressive strength of specimens exhibited that using around 10% of CKD or 0.02% of PS increased the strength value, but decreased when incorporated or added more amounts of that, due to reduction of the sinking depth, caused by filling effect of the micro particle and improvement of the viscosity.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2015

콘크리트용 후설치 세트앵커는 콘크리트가 경화된 후에 설치되는 앵커이며 시공 장비의 발달과 시공의 유연성 및 용이성으로 사용량이 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 전단하중을 받는 앵커는 강재 파괴, 콘크리트 파열파괴, 콘크리트 프라이아웃 파괴 등의 대표적인 파괴모드를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 매입깊이, 연단거리 및 콘크리트 강도를 변수로 한 세트앵커의 실험 및 유한요소 해석 결과를 통하여 콘크리트에 매입된 저하중용 후설치 세트앵커의 전단 파괴거동에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 매입깊이 변수의 실험 결과 매입깊이가 얕을수록 콘크리트 강도의 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 연단거리 변수의 실험 결과 동일한 파괴모드를 보이면서 콘크리트 강도의 영향이 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 강재 파괴가 발생한 실험 결과를 비교해 보았을 때 콘크리트 강도가 클수록 변위가 상대적으로 더 작게 나타났다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1229-1234
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• 2001

The bottom slab of Inchon LNG in-ground #213 tank is designed as a massive structure witch has a large depth and section. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum mix design having good workability and low hydration heat for bottom slab concrete and to control the actual concrete quality in site. For this purpose, we select the optimum mix design used ternary blended cement(furnace slag cement＋fly ash) and design factors. As test results of actual application, we have finish placing the bottom slab concrete of 23,180㎥ during 68hours with good success and obtain the good quality of fresh and hardened concrete including slump, air contents, no-segregation, compressive strength and low hydration heat in actual data. All test results are satisfied with our specifications for bottom slab concrete and we cut costs as the use of ternary blended cement and the reduction of placing hours.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2000년도 특별강연 및 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.260-263
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• 2000

A methodology is developed and many used to evaluate the response sensitivity of the thermal systems to variations in their design parameters. Technique for computing the sensitivity of temperature distributions to changes in processing parameters needed for deciding the more effective laser input parameters for laser surface hardening treatment are considered. In this study, a state equation governing the heat flow in laser surface treatment is analyzed using a three-dimensional finite element method and sensitivity data of the processing parameter obtained using a direct differentiation method applied for sensitivity analysis. The interesting processing parameter is taken as the laser scan velocity and characteristic beam radius( $r_{b}$) of the sensitivity of the temperature T versus v and $r_{b}$ is analyzed. And these sensitivity results obtained in another parameters are fixed condition. To verifying the numerical analysis results, hardened layer dimensions (width and depth) of the numerical analysis compared with the results of an experimental data.ata.