• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2020

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is a foot deformity developed by mediolateral deviation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Although various foot-toe orthoses were used to correct the HV angle, verification of the effects of kinetics variables such as ground reaction force (GRF) through three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis according to the various type of orthoses for HV is insufficient. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of soft and hard types of foot and toe orthoses to correct HV deformity on the GRF in individuals with HV using 3D motion analysis system during walking. Methods: Twenty-six subjects participated in the experiment. Participants had HV angle of more than 15° in both feet. Two force platforms were used to obtain 3D GRF data for both feet and a 3D motion capture system with six infrared cameras was used to measure exact stance phase point such as heel strike or toe off period. Total walk trials of each participant were 8 to 10, the walkway length was 6 m. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the effects of each orthosis condition on the various GRF values. Results: The late anteroposterior maximal force and a first vertical peak force of the GRF showed that the hard type orthosis condition significantly increased GRF compared to the other orthosis conditions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There were significant effects in GRF values when wearing the hard type foot orthosis. However, the hard type foot orthosis was uncomfortable to wear during walking. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new foot-toe orthosis that can compensate for these disadvantages.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.477-483
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• 2002

This paper deals with a workspace analysis of multi-legged walking robots in velocity domain(velocity workspace analysis). Noting that when robots are holding the same object in multiple cooperating robotic arm system the kinematic structure of the system is basically the same with that of a multi-legged walking robot standing on the ground, we invented a way ot applying the technique for multiple arm system to multi-legged walking robot. An important definition of reaction velocity is made and the bounds of velocities achievable by the moving body with multi-legs is derived from the given bounds on the capabilities of actuators of each legs through Jacobian matrix for given robot configuration. After some assumption of hard-foot-condition is adopted as a contact model between feet of robot and the ground, visualization process for the velocity workspace is proposed. Also, a series of application examples will be presented including continuous walking gaits as well as several different stationary posture of legged walking robots, which validate the usefulness of the proposed technique.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2012

Until now, most studies of foot moving or driving posture have been performed under laboratory driving conditions. But there are many different things between actual driving conditions and laboratory driving conditions because, in laboratory conditions, it is hard to consider vehicle's noise, vibration and people's psychology state while driving. Thus this study is performed through actual driving conditions. And while driving test, we recorded driver's foots with 2 cameras to investigate foots(left and right) heel point and how human foots move to control the three pedals : accel, brake and footrest.. Through driving test, the results of this study show that the position of driver's heel point isn't related to stature and tends to be generalized.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2006

The Purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical difference of two soccer footwear. which will provide scientific data to coaches and players, to further prevent injuries and to improve each players skills. The result of this study can be summarized after testing the two types of soccer footwear with comparative transforming heel angles and also with a pressure distribution in running. When a player's foot first touched the ground, the average difference of in/eversion was between 1.2 and 3.1 degrees for the two soccer shoes. In regards to maximum inversion and eversion of foot, maximum tibial rotation, and maximum and total movement of foot, the condition of barefoot and the two soccer shoes showed a small difference from 1.5 to 3.5 degrees and the difference among the subjects of study wasn't constant. In regards to maximum velocity of inversion and eversion running in one's bare feet showed much lower inversion velocity in comparison to putting on two types of soccer shoes and comparison of the average. Among some of the subjects, after putting on the two types of soccer shoes exceeded $97^{\circ}/s$ in maximum velocity of eversion. In the maximum braking impulse(t=2774, p<.05) and propulsive impulse for antero-posterior direction, there was a statistically significant difference between the two soccer footwear at running. In the maximum braking force(t=3.270, p<.05) and propulsive force(t=4.956, p<.05) for antero-posterior direction, there was a statistically significant difference between the two soccer footwear at running.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.187-191
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• 2016

Arteriovenous malformation (A-V malformation) is defined as an abnormal connection between arteries and veins that lead to A-V shunting with an intervening network of vessels. A-V malformation is a rare condition, and spontaneous regression is also rare. A-V malformation becomes symptomatic when the surrounding tissue and osseous structures are negatively affected. A-V malformation has a high recurrence rate and is relatively hard to treat. In this case, a huge mass with pulsatile and bruit on the medial plantar area were observed. With the diagnosis of A-V malformation in accordance with the results from ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography angiography, and mass excision with feeding vessel ligation through plantar midfoot approach was completed successfully.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.20-28
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• 2019

This study comparatively analyzes general walking shoes on the conical top foundation of the ground condition and the pressure distribution during walking with shoes that are currently under development. Two categories of footwear were used: general footwear and a footwear conical top foundation that is currently under development. Experiments were carried out on hard ground and sandy soil in 15 male twenties that satisfy the conditions of normal foot wearing 260 mm. The pressure during walking was measured using Techstorm's Wireless Insole System, and foot pressure was measured in 7 zones of the foot. Studies have shown different maximum forces, average pressures, and pressure distributions depending on the shoe and ground conditions. This study shows that shoes with general low pressure dispersion effects depending on the feet in hard ground and sand ground are different from shoes with the conical top foundation that is currently under development. It is expected that it will be useful for the development of shoes that can be worn in all hard ground and sandy ground by selecting various rubber materials through further research.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.85-89
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• 2021

Background : Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTS) is a rare congenital medical condition characterized by complex vascular malformation. KTS consists of a classic triad of capillary malformation (hemangioma), venous malformations and bone or soft tissue hypertrophy causing limb asymmetry. The aim of this report is to describe management for gait disturbance and foot pain in a Patient with KTS using custom-made total contact insole. Case presentation : A 32-year-old man with KTS presented with a 3-year history of gait disturbance on hard surface due to right first toe pain and Achilles tendon tightness. The patient had soft tissue hypertrophy, varicose veins and port-wine stains over the right lower limb associated with KTS. True leg length discrepancy was 2 cm. We prescribed custom-made total contact insole to protect his deformed foot and correct leg length discrepancy. The insole of right side included wedge shaped heel lift and the insole of left side included full length lift to add extra support on unaffected side. Also, we provided compression stocking and physiotherapy including manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema and stretching exercise for tightness in right lower extremity. At 3 years follow-up, postural alignment including pelvic obliquity was improved using a custom-made total contact insole. The degree of scoliosis and foot pain were also reduced. Conclusion : An individualized and multidisciplinary approach is essential regarding the complexity of comorbidities in patients with KTS. For patients with KTS, orthotic management should be considered to prevent and correct deformities related to KTS. Active orthotic management, compression stocking and physiotherapy can enhance the quality of life and function in patients.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2007

1. Objectvies This study is to examine the expected general condition change, clinical distinctive feature about using Ohgapichangchuk-Tang and Mihooteungshikchang-Tang and the range of using them based on the patient taken care by Taeyangin herb-medicines. 2. Methods We had observed 20 patients who visited Sasang Constitutional medical department in Dongguk Univ. oriental medical hospital from October 2003 to October 2006, diagnosed as Taeyangin and took Taeyangin herb-medicines more than twice. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The chief complains of Taeyangins were 5 skin problem, 5 rhinitis, 2 digestion problem, 2 neurological problem, 3 fatigue ${\cdot}$ general weakness, 2 hand and foot hyperhidosis, 2 chest pain and discomfort, 2 genecological problem, 1 halitosis. Ohgapichangchuk-Tang was used for 4 rhinitis, 2 atopy, 1 fatigue, 1 halitosis. Mihooteungshikchang-Tang was used for 3 skin problem, 2 digestion problem, 2 neurological problem like dizziness or dysphagia ${\cdot}$ dysarthria, 2 hand and foot hyperhidosis, 2 chest pain and discomfort and 2 genecological problem. 2) The meaningful part after using Ohgapichangchuk-Tang and Mihooteungshikchang-Tang is 'dyspepsia', 'insomnia', 'dyspnea', 'dry skin' and 'sialosis'. It is necessary to check the general symptom. 3) Taeyangin used to have hard stool and not to sweat. 4) Ohgapichangchuk-Tang seemed to be used when there is digestion problem comparing with Mihooteungshikchang-Tang however it is not significant differences. 5) We require further examination to study Taeyangin's prescriptions.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.146-156
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• 1998

To mitigate excessive noise from highways, and high speed rail road, it is often necessary to construct a noise barrier. Absorptive barroer attenuation solution is obtained for the problem of diffration of a plane wave sound source by a semi-infinite plane. A finite region in the vicinity of the edge has an highly absorbing boundary condition ; the remaining portion of the half plane is rigid. The problem which is solved is a mathematical model for a hard barrier with an absorbing edge. If the wavelength of the sound is much smaller than the length scale associated with the barrier, the diffraction process is governed to all intents and purpose by the solution to a standard problem of diffraction by a semi-infinite hard plane with an absorbent edge. It is concluded that the absorbing material that comprises the edge need only be of the order of a wavelength long to have approximately the same effect, on the sound attenuation in the shadow side of the barrier. Traffic noise is composed of thousands of sources with varying frequency content. To simplify noise predictions when barriers are present, an effective frequency of 550Hz may be used to represent all vehicles. The wavelength of sound at f=550Hz for traffic noise is about 2 feet. According to the above conclusion, an absorptive highway noise barrier is only needed to cover to cover approximately a 2 foot length of absorbing material. It would be more economical to cover only the region in the immediate vicinity of the edge with highly sound obsorbent material.