• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.23-23
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• 2019

Cypripedium is an orchid genus of over 50 species widely distributed in the northern temperate zone, with a few taxa extending central America and the Himalayas and the southwesternmost tip of China in Asia. Of the known species approximately two thirds are found in China. In Korea, 4 species were reported to find with rare popularity ; C. macranthos, C. guttatum, C. japonicum, and C. calceolus. The seed has a firm brown fusiform testa with an opening at one end where the micropyle of the ovule was situated. Cypripedium has small, fusiform, wind-dispersed seeds that weigh about $1{\sim}2{\mu}g$ and range from 0.1 to 2 mm long and 0.07 to 0.4 mm across. The germination of Cypripedium was previously thought to be hard to cultivate in one's garden and impossible to propagate artificially, nowadays lab-propagated seedlings are readily available in EU or United States. We had already reported the successful micropropagation of lady's slipper orchids with green pod sowing methods. The collected Cypripedium species and hybrids were planted in Korea National Arboretum (KNA) on Oct. 2018. The 11 species including C. candidum and the 31 hybrids such as C. Ingrid were introduced from Germany with CITES certification. The lady's slipper orchids bloomed on May to June, and the flowers were pollinated in the same species or hybrids to get seeds for in vitro germination on 2~3 days after fully flowering. The green pods were collected after 49~70 days after pollination. The 6 species of Cypripedium seeds were easily germinated on the POM within 70 days after sowing, and the 12 hybrids PLBs were observed with small roots. We had established the scheme of lady's slipper orchids germination in 3 months with green pods, and get the possibility of seedling in 10 months of sowing in vitro.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to search the calcium and iron rich foods in Korean people. The food sources presented in the current home economics textbooks of middle and high school were investigated. And 40 kinds of calcium and iron rich foods were selected by the quantity in 100g edible portion. one serving size and according to 1997 food supply data. Also 3 major food groups of calcium and iron supply in Korean were identified, and 10 rich foods for each food groups were selected. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The food sources of calcium 1) The food sources of calcium presented in the home economics textbooks of middle and high school are milk and dairy products. small fishes such as anchovy icefish and dried strip and green vegetables etc. 2) The calcium rich foods by 100g edible portion were in order of skim milk powder river snail sesame sea mustard. whole milk powder. snapping turtle loach sea tangle(dried) opossum shrimp and sea lettuce(dried). And the calcium rich foods by the calcium content in one serving were in order of river snail snapping turtle opossum shrimp loach spiny lobster skate skim milk powder small alaska pollack freshwater crab condensed milk whole milk powder skate ray and milk. 3) The 3 major calcium supply food groups in Korean were vegetables fish and shellfishes and milk and dairy products. 4) The calcium supply foods according to the quantity of food supply in 1997 was in order of sea mustard, milk anchovy chinese cabbage soybean skin milk powder laver shrimp welsh onion and maize. The vegetables were the important sources of calcium in Korean. 2. The food sources of iron 1) The food sources of iron which are commonly presented in the textbooks of middle and high school were meat liver egg(egg yolk) and green vegetables etc 2) The iron rich foods on the basis of the iron content in 100g edible portion were in order of surf clam marsh clam laver(dried)( sea lettuce(dried), crayfish pelilla seed little neck clam orient hard clam, venus clam, and freshwater carab. And the iron rich foods by the iron content in one serving were in order of surf clam marsh clam crayfish little neck clam orient hard clam freshwater crab venus clam hen cockle green confertii(fresh) pen shell and spiny lobster. 3) The 3 major iron supply food groups in Korean were cereals an cereal products fishes and shellfishes and vegetables. 4) The iron supply food according to the quantity of food supply in 1997 was in order of soybean sea mustard maize rice meat edible viscera laver wheat flour, pook, red pepper, egg and bovine meat.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2013

Acacia mangium is an evergreen fast-growing tropical tree, which can grow up to 30 m tall and 50 cm thick, under favorable conditions. It is a low-elevation species associated with rain forest margins and disturbed, well-drained acid soils. It is native to Papua, Western Irian Jaya and the Maluku islands in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and north-eastern Queensland in Australia. Due to its rapid growth and tolerance of very poor soils, A. mangium was introduced into some Asian, African and western hemisphere countries where it is used as a plantation tree. A. mangium has good quality wood traits, such as a comparatively low proportion of parenchymatous cells and vessels, white and hard wood, and high calorific value. Therefore, it is useful for a variety of purposes, such as furniture, cabinets, turnery, floors, particleboard, plywood, veneer, fence posts, firewood, and charcoal. It is also being used in pulp and paper making because it has good pulp traits, with high yields of pulp, quality of kraft, and produces paper with good optical, physical and surface properties. Because there are significant provenance differences in growth rate, stem straightness, heartwood formation and frequency of multiple leaders, the productivity and quality also varies depending upon environmental conditions, so genetic improvement programmes have been undertaken in countries like Australia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand. The programme includes provenance identifications and testing, plus tree selection and clonal multiplication, establishment of seed orchards and hybridization. The phenology, reproductive biology, fruit characteristics, silvicultural practices for cultivation, pest and diseases problems, production of improved planting stock, harvesting, wood properties and utilization have been discussed in this paper.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 VoIP(Voice over IP) 통신에서 효율적으로 사용할 수 있는 Low bit Encoding에 의한 새로운 스테가노그라피 모델을 제안한다. Low bit Encoding 방법을 사용하는 대부분의 스테가노그라피 모델은 비밀 메시지 삽입 용량에 제한이 있다는 것과 비밀 메시지 위치를 쉽게 인지할 수 있다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하였고 사람의 가청구간을 벗어나는 영역에 1 비트 이상의 비밀 메시지를 삽입하여 커버 데이터에 숨길 수 있는 메시지의 삽입 용량을 향상시켰다. 은닉 위치는 삽입 메시지 길이를 시드로 가지는 의사난수를 이용하여 선택하여, 공격자가 은닉된 비밀 메시지를 쉽게 공격할 수 없도록 하였다. 제안된 모델은 VoIP환경 하에서 적합하도록 구현하였으며, 웨이브파일에 정보은닉을 하여 전송할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 사용자에 대한 기본정보 및 인증 시스템에서 다양한 정보를 은닉 하는데 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.68-68
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• 2011

As feature size is smaller, new technology are needed in semiconductor factory such as gap-fill technology for sub 100nm, development of ALD equipment for Cu barrier/seed, oxide trench etcher technology for 25 nm and beyond, development of high throughput Cu CMP equipment for 30nm and development of poly etcher for 25 nm and so on. We are focus on gap-fill technology for sub-30nm. There are many problems, which are leaning, over-hang, void, micro-pore, delaminate, thickness limitation, squeeze-in, squeeze-out and thinning phenomenon in sub-30 nm gap fill. New gap-fill processes, which are viscous oxide-SOD (spin on dielectric), O3-TEOS, NF3 Based HDP and Flowable oxide have been attempting to overcome these problems. Some groups investigated SOD process. Because gap-fill performance of SOD is best and process parameter is simple. Nevertheless these advantages, SOD processes have some problems. First, material cost is high. Second, density of SOD is too low. Therefore annealing and curing process certainly necessary to get hard density film. On the other hand, film density by Flowable oxide process is higher than film density by SOD process. Therefore, we are focus on Flowable oxide. In this work, dielectric film were deposited by PECVD with TSA(Trisilylamine - N(SiH3)3) and NH3. To get flow-ability, the effect of plasma treatment was investigated as function of O2 plasma power. QMS (quadruple mass spectrometry) and FTIR was used to analysis mechanism. Gap-filling performance and flow ability was confirmed by various patterns.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 The 7th International Symposium
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• pp.114-115
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• 2000

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will bel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field frill be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 제7차 국제 심포지움(생약자원개발에 관한연구) 및 추계정기 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.16-17
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• 2000

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will hel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/ or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field will be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.lso discussed.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2002

본 연구는 외래도입 병솔꽃나무(Callistemon citrinus)의 개화결실 습성과 효율적인 증식방법을 구명 하고자 수행하였다. 병솔꽃나무의 삭과는 개화후 4년간 가지에 존속하며, 종자의 수와 크기는 3년생 삭과와 2년생 삭과가 비슷한 반면 1년생 삭과는 크게 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 삭과로부터 종자를 탈리시키기 위해 건조시킨 결과 삭과의 상대 수분함량이 약 75%일 때 삭과열개율이 100%에 달했다. 발아율은 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 건조시킨 종자가 가장 높았으며, 그 중 2년생 삭과에서 탈리된 종자의 발아율이 높았다. 반면 50, 7$0^{\circ}C$에서 건조되어 탈리된 종자의 발아율은 낮았다. 가을철 2차 개화를 유도하기 위하여 봄철 개화 후 삭과가 달린 가지를 전정한 개체에서는 모든 개체에서 가을에 개화하였으며 , 개화량은 평균 14송이였다. 반숙지를 IBA 100mgι$^{-1}$ 에 24시간 침적처리한 결과 86.4%가 발근되었으며, 평균 12.6개의 1차근을 가지며 생장이 가장 양호하였다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

Stem and root of elm trees have used as traditional medical materials, but there is little information on the distribution and resources of habitats. Korean native growing Ulmus spp. (U. davidiana var. Japonica, U. parvifolia, U. davidiana, and U. macrocarpa) genetic resources studied through The National Forest Inventory of Korea data and field survey. The distributions of U. davidiana var. japonica according to elevation distributed evenly. Both U. parvifolia and U. davidiana were inhabited mostly at less than 200 m of altitude. Each Ulmaceae species widely were distributed nationwide, but a dominant species was different depending on locals. It observed that Ulmaceae inhabits mainly in steep slopes of 31-45 degrees. Most of the habitats regenerated by natural seeding and the most abundant species were a codominant tree. Distribution of trees in U davidiana var. japonica was 7 m-13 m, and in young U. parvifolia and U. macrocarpa, more than 25% of young trees less than 7 m observed. The distribution of the diameter of breast height of the U. davidiana var. japonica was 46.4% for 11-20 cm, 52.6% for 11-20 cm in U. parvifolia. The average T/R ratio was 0.83, and the mean weight ratio of root bark was 62%. As the results of this study, the domestic Ulmaceae biomassare very small. It is difficult to harvest in that the habitat on the slope. Thus, it is too hard to develop functional materials using biomass at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology for the selection and propagation of elite trees of Ulmaceae.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.170-188
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic factors of Damjeok in the literature. Methods: This study used the databases of five (Mediclassics, RISS, KMbase, OASIS, CNKI) to analyze diagnostic factors of Damjeok. Literatures published by May 2023 were assessed and we classified 91 literatures dealing with diagnostic factors by 5 categories, 'characteristics', 'location', 'symptom', 'pulse wave & tongue feature', and 'eating habits & lifestyle'. Results: Damjeok is mainly formed at the stomach in the form of lump or hard seed, and it can be observed in other regions or even the whole body by its trait of floating. Damjeok mainly shows symptoms of the digestive system and also causes various symptoms associated with the respiratory system and infection, musculoskeletal system, urogenital system, neuropsychiatric system and cardiovascular system. Regarding pulse wave and tongue feature, a slippery wave and greasy coated tongue are typical features of Damjeok. Additionally, bad eating habits and a lack of exercise have been described as a factor that cause and aggravate Damjeok. Conclusions: The two most important factors in the diagnosis of Damjeok are abdominal stiffness by physical examination and digestive symptoms, and these correspond to the definition of a syndrome. Diagnostic factors based on literature evidence will provide clues to the clinical diagnosis of Damjeok syndrome.