• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2000

지하 터널 굴착 등의 암반 공학적 문제에 있어서 암반분류가 널리 적용되고 있다. 하지만, 조사 방법이 체계화되어 있지 않아서 터널 지질 전문가라 할지라도 암반분류에 어려움이 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다변량분석을 이용하여 객관적이고 사용하기 간편한 암반분류법을 제시하였다. RMR 요소는 RQD, 절리상태, 지하수, 강도, 보정, 절리간격 순으로 중요도가 결정되었으며, 각각의 단계에서 RMR에 관한 최적의 다중회귀모형식을 제시하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2009

The blasting has a lot of economic efficiency and speediness but it can damage to a neighbor structure, a domestic animal and a cultured fish due to the blasting vibration, then the public grievance is increased. Therefore, we need to manage the blasting vibration efficiently. The prediction of the correct vibration velocity is not easy because there are lots of different kinds of the scale of blasting vibration and it has a number of a variable effect. So we figure the optimum line through the least-squares regression by using the vibration data measured in hard rock blasting and compared with the design vibration prediction equation. As a result, we confirm that the vibration estimated in this paper is bigger than the design vibration prediction equation in the same charge and distance. If there is a Gaussian normal distribution data on the left-right side of the least squares regression, then we can estimate the vibration prediction equation on reliability 50%(${\beta}=0$), 90%(${\beta}=1.28$), 95%(${\beta}=1.64$). 99.9%(${\beta}=3.09$). As a result, it appears to be suitable that the reliability is 99% at the transverse component, the reliability 95% is at the vertical component, the reliability 90% is at the longitudinal component and the reliability is 95% at the peak vector sum component.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to estimate the distribution of a zone disturbed by excavation (EDZ) around tunnels that have been excavated at about 500 m depth in pre-Tertiary hard sedimentary rock. One of the most important tasks is to evaluate changes in the dynamic stability and permeability of the rock around the tunnels, by investigating the properties of the rock after the excavation. We performed resistivity and acoustic tomography using two boreholes, 5 m in length, drilled horizontally from the wall of a tunnel in pre-Tertiary hard conglomerate. By these methods, we detected a low-resistivity and low-velocity zone 1 m in thickness around the wall of the tunnel. The resulting profiles were verified by permeability and evaporation tests performed at the same boreholes. This anomalous zone matched a high-permeability zone caused by open fractures. Next, we performed resistivity monitoring along annular survey lines in a tunnel excavated in pre-Tertiary hard shale by a tunnel-boring machine (TBM). We detected anomalous zones in 2D resistivity profiles surrounding the tunnel. A low-resistivity zone 1 m in thickness was detected around the tunnel when one year had passed after the excavation. However, two years later, the resistivity around the tunnel had increased in a portion, about 30 cm in thickness, of this zone. To investigate this change, we studied the relationship between groundwater flow from the surroundings and evaporation from the wall around the tunnel. These features were verified by the relationship between the resistivity and porosity of rocks obtained by laboratory tests on core samples. Furthermore, the profiles matched well with highly permeable zones detected by permeability and evaporation tests at a horizontal borehole drilled near the survey line. We conclude that the anomalous zones in these profiles indicate the EDZ around the tunnel.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2000

본 연구는 대구지역의 대표적인 암석들을 대상으로 일축압축시험 등의 실내 시험과 현장 탄성파속도 시험 등을 실시하여 역학적 특성을 규명하였고, 달서구 성서지역에서 시험발파를 실시하여 발파진동계수를 도출하였다. 그 결과 대구지역의 경상계 퇴적암류는 풍화암에서 경암까지의 다양한 강도 특성을 보였고, 화산암류인 안산암은 경암에서 극경암에 해당되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 풍화암 내지 보통암에 해당되는 성서지역의 시험발파 결과 발파진동계수 K는 114.8, n은 1.48로 계산되었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.298-305
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• 1996

Grouting technique is frequently used where a tunnel structure is passing through the shallow overburden area or where the thickness of hard rock above the tunnel is rather thin. However, engineering background on design process of the grout reinforcement does not seem to be fully understood until now. Mechanics of composite material is, therefore, introduced in this study to investigate the orthotropic material properties of the composites containing soil(or rock) and grouting material. These orthotropic material properties can be used to represent the reinfocement effects quantitatively. The model developed in this study is next applied to a typical tunnel structure and the grouting effect is analyzed numerically. The idea used in this study can be expanded to a situation where a pipe roofing or a forepoling technique is adopted and a simplified design procedure, similar to the model model introduced in this study, can be developed.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제1권
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• pp.66-74
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• 1991

The block theory with stereographic projection was applied and analyzed on the tunnel section of Samcheok Coal Mine. The results were as follows ; 1) Prevail orientations of discontinuity of sandstone around the main driftway of Samcheok Coal Mine were $(327^{\circ},\;44^{\circ}),\;(13^{\circ},\;24^{\circ}),\;(204^{\circ},\;65^{\circ})$ and $(225^{\circ},\;77^{\circ})$ in dip and dip direction, respectively. 2) Movable blocks of the site were 0110, 0111, 1110(roof), 0100, 0110, 1110(right wall) and 0001, 1001, 1011(left wall). Because of the direction of tunnel, blocks of the left wall was safe. thus key blocks were those of the roof and the right wall. Maximum height of key block was larger than the width of the tunnel but 2m of the yielded zone is expected in general for 5m width tunnel. 3) It is shown that block theory is applicable to large cavern in hard rock analysis.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.92-101
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• 1994

Water jet has been employed in extraacton of minerals for many years but the applications of low pressure jent s ar emodfined to some fields. With increasing strength of equipment it is possible to consider the use of high speed water jets for cutting hard rock. The high speed water jet technology is applied to various engineering fiels such as precessing rocks, quarrying rocks, mechanical fracturing as wel as rock excavation under the sea. For slot cutting in rocks with high speed water jets it is necessary to establish the empirical formula for estiamation of the cutting depth. The cutting depth is influenced by cutting parameters such as driving pressure, traverse speed, standoff distance, and shape and diameter of nozzel. Tests were carried out with a variety of cutting parameters on three types of granite. Nozzle pressures ranged from 1,200 to 2,800 bar, traverse speeds from 0.45 to 10.38 cm/min, standoff distances from 4.5 to 13.5 mm, and three types of nozzle diameter were used.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.144-155
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• 1994

This research is designed to assess current achievement levels for mechanized excavation systems in Korea adn suggest the model predictive of TBM performance using statistical approaches. A test section in the TBM construction sites is selected to measure and analyze TBM performance. The field records including operating data, time allocation into downtime catagories, and machine design are analyzed on a shift basis. There are a total of 240 shifts, with most days operating two shifts per day. Examples of the probability density functions produced from the test section are presented and discussed. Relationships between TBM penetration rate and rock physical properties are investigated and the empirical equations for TBM performance prediction are also assessed with the field data.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.183-190
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• 2001

There are complicated and big shear zone which is about several tens meter in the middle of the cutting slope in this study area. And slope stability analysis is very hard because many fault zones are gathered in the shear zone. This study furnish imformations of scrutinized geological survey, numerical stability analysis, reinforcement work analysis and computation of ground mass properties. Then this offer rational slope stability analysis, rock mass decision and counterplan.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권6D호
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• pp.623-629
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• 2010

최근 도심지 굴착 시 고효율 급속시공이 가능한 쉴드 TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) 공법의 도입이 점진적으로 증가하고 있다. 그러나 해당 장비에 대한 이해부족과 현지 지반조건을 충분히 고려하지 않은 상태로 쉴드 TBM의 설계 및 선정시 시공능력의 저하, 시공기간의 연장 및 공사비의 증가를 초래하는 경우가 빈번히 발생되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 사례연구에서는 풍화토, 풍화암 굴착에 적합하도록 설계된 쉴드 TBM 터널 굴착현장을 대상으로 쉴드 TBM 굴진 시 사전 지반조사의 결과와 달리 예기치 못한 경암구간 돌출로 굴진 중단 및 공기지연을 최소화하고자 적용된 대체공법의 적용성을 비교 분석하였다. 또, 터널 상 하행선 경암굴착에 적용된 대체공법의 선정부터 적용 후 결과에서 얻어진 굴진자료와 쉴드장비의 굴진속도, 공사기간, 공사비 등을 검토하여 연구대상 현장에 가장 적합한 대체공법을 판단 및 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 굴진중단 및 대체공법 적용으로 인한 공사비, 공사기간의 증가를 방지하려면 대상현장의 정확한 지반조사가 선행되어야 하며, 이를 바탕으로 현장 지반조건에 가장 적합한 쉴드장비를 선정하는 것이 중요하다. 둘째, 대상현장에서 시행한 대체공법의 적용성을 분석한 결과, 경암구간 굴착을 위한 대체공법의 최선안은 개착 공법 후 경암 발파제거 공법임을 알 수 있었다.