• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.77-89
• /
• 1999

The atmosphere condition at Kimpo International Airport occasionally prevents the aircraft from landing and forces them to fly to an alternate airport, especially in October and November during a year. Many airlines designated foreign airports instead of Korean airports as alternate airports in the case of the bad weather condition preventing use of Kimpo Airport. This paper addresses 1) economic comparison of candidates for the alternate airport, 2) what are the criteria for the alternate airport selection and the relative importance among the criteria and 3) evaluation of candidates for alternate airport using Brown and Gibson's pair-wise comparison method. It is found to be possible to reduce costs related alternate flight by 36% using Korean airports rather than using Japan's Hukuoka Airport. However, airlines weigh more on the factors such as service level of ground handling, accommodation for passengers and ground access convenience than costs. Among Korean airports, Kimhae International Airport is found the most favorable airport as the alternate airport for Kimpo International Airport.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 1997

The objective of this study was to make a comparison of the oxygen consumption rates during the lifting activities and the physiological criteria of the recommended weights of RWL, AL, and MPL by NIOSH Guideline. The physical Work Capacity (PWC) based on the bicycle ergometer was 2562.71ml/min, and the one based on the treadmill was 2874.89ml/min for the college male students of Korea. Lifting activities with four different lifting frequencies(2, 5, 8, 11 lifts/min) for one lifting range from floor to 76cm height were studied. The oxygen consumption rates and the heart rates were measured or recorded while subjects were lifting the weight of RWL, AL, and MPL. The heart rates and the oxygen consumption rates increased as the frequency increased from 2 to lifts/min. However, those slightly decreased at the frequency of 11 lifts/ min. The measured oxygen consumption rates were ranging from 2.3% to 29.6% higher than the physiological criteria 620, 700, and 1000ml/min, respectively, of the RWL, AL, and MPL for all the lifting frequencies (5, 8, 11 lift/min) except 2 lifts/min. It si suggested that the physiological criteria of NIOSH Guideline should be based on the lifting PWC, which can consider the type of lifting activity and the frequency of the task, rather than using the PWC by ergometer or treadmill. The measured oxygen consumption rates were ranging from 13.26% to 40.11% higher than the values estimated using the models by Garg and Kim. From these findings it is suggested that the NIOSH Equation should not be directly applied to Korean without resonable modifications.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
• /
• v.33 no.46
• /
• pp.287.1-287.14
• /
• 2018

Integrity of authorship and peer review practices are important considerations for ethical publishing. Criteria for authorship, as delineated in the guidelines by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), have undergone evolution over the decades, and now require fulfillment of four criteria, including the need to be able to take responsibility for all aspects of the manuscript in question. Although such updated authorship criteria were published nearly five years ago, still, many major medical and specialist journals have yet to revise their author instructions to conform to this. Inappropriate authorship practices may include gift, guest or ghost authorship. Existing literature suggests that such practices are still widely prevalent, especially in non-English speaking countries. Another emerging problem is that of peer review fraud, mostly by authors, but also rarely by handling editors. There is literature to suggest that a proportion of such fake peer review may be driven by the support of some unscrupulous external editing agencies. Such inappropriate practices with authorship malpractices or disagreement, or peer review fraud, have resulted in more than 600 retractions each, as identified on the retractions database of Retractionwatch.com. There is a need to generate greater awareness, especially in authors from non-English speaking regions of the world, about inappropriate authorship and unethical practices in peer review. Also, support of any external editing agency should be clearly disclosed by authors at the time of submission of a manuscript.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.527-537
• /
• 2016

Recent automakers are trying to be more precise with the dimension check and moving parts to guarantee high quality and satisfy customer requirements. The aim of this paper is to investigate the design tolerance suitability of door operating mechanism linked arms, lever, and cam-shaft in a mobile air handling unit. These parts are complicated because doors, arms, lever and cam-shaft are connected nonlinearly in 3D. The current tolerance analysis method poses problems in design analysis because the moving doors are reasonably suitable for the AHU function. The 3-DCS analysis method provided useful results not only in establishing the inspection criteria for the quality control of products but also in enabling economical production. As a result, the vent door had $1.62^{\circ}{\sim}1.72^{\circ}$ and the defrost door had $0.84^{\circ}{\sim}0.9^{\circ}$ for the directly connected arms operating-type. For the lever connected arm operating-type, the foot door had $2.0^{\circ}{\sim}2.24^{\circ}$ tolerance, while the tolerance values satisfied the air flow volume distribution rate criteria in the AHU. Finally, the results have confirmed the design's tolerance suitability by using 3-DCS analysis at the early design stages. Reliability can be achieved by analyzing accumulated tolerance during the sub-parts assembly process and the moving mechanism linked especially by arms, lever, and cam-shaft.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.399-400
• /
• 2006

LMTT(Linear Motor based Transfer Technology) is a new type of transfer system used in the maritime container terminal fur the port automation, and largely consists of a controller, shuttle car, and rail. The shuttle car is divided into the frame part, the driving part, and wheels. In order to design this system, various researches on each part of it must be conducted. In this study, we dealt with the optimum design for the frame part of the shuttle car designed from previous studies on the strength of the frame with respect to the number of cross beams to minimize the weight of the shuttle car and to satisfy design criteria of cargo-handling systems in container terminal. For the optimization of the frame, thicknesses of each beam were adopted as design variables, the weight of the frame as objective function, and stress and deflection per unit length as constraint condition.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2019

This paper presents an optimal performance of rear wheel steering vehicle for maneuverability. The maneuverability of vehicle is evaluated in terms of yaw rate, body slip angle and driver input. The maneuverability of vehicle can be improved by rear wheel steering system. To obtain optimal performance of rear wheel steering vehicle, the optimal control history is designed. The high dimensional trajectory optimization problem is solved by formulating a quadratic program considering rear wheel steer input. To evaluate handling performance 7 degree-of-freedom vehicle model with actuation sub-models is designed. A step steer test is conducted to evaluate rear wheel steering vehicle. A response time, a TB factor, overshoot, and yaw rate gain are investigated through objective criteria, assessment webs. The handling performance of vehicle is evaluated via computer simulations. It has been shown from simulation studies that optimal controlled rear wheel steering vehicle provides improved performance compared to others.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.231-242
• /
• 2023

This paper represents a comparative study in which Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), and multiple linear regressions (MLR) were utilized to derive new equations for the prediction of time-dependent bearing capacity of pile foundations driven in cohesive soil, technically called pile set-up. This term means that many piles which are installed in cohesive soil experience a noticeable increase in bearing capacity after a specific time. Results of researches indicate that side resistance encounters more increase than toe resistance. The main reason leading to pile setup in saturated soil has been found to be the dissipation of excess pore water pressure generated in the process of pile installation, while in unsaturated conditions aging is the major justification. In this study, a comprehensive dataset containing information about 169 test piles was obtained from literature reviews used to develop the models. to prepare the data for further developments using intelligent algorithms, Data mining techniques were performed as a fundamental stage of the study. To verify the models, the data were randomly divided into training and testing datasets. The most striking difference between this study and the previous researches is that the dataset used in this study includes different piles driven in soil with varied geotechnical characterization; therefore, the proposed equations are more generalizable. According to the evaluation criteria, GEP was found to be the most effective method to predict set-up among the other approaches developed earlier for the pertinent research.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.57-73
• /
• 2006

This paper describes a methodology for automating the material handling equipment (MHE) evaluation and selection processes by combining knowledge-based rules and fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach. The methodology is proposed to solve the MHE selection problems under fuzzy environment. At the primary stage, the most appropriate MHE type among the alternatives for each material flow link is searched. Knowledge-based rules are employed to retrieve the alternatives for each material flow link. To consider and compare the alternatives, multiple design factors are considered. These factors include both quantitative and qualitative measures. The qualitative measures are converted to numerical measures using fuzzy logic. The concept of fuzzy logic is applied to evaluation matrices used for the selection of the most suitable MHE through a fuzzy linguistic approach. Thus, this paper demonstrates the potential applicability of fuzzy theory in the MHE applications and provides a systemic guidance in the decision-making process.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.121-144
• /
• 2007

In general, the design of container yard and container handling system on container terminal are focused on operation of shipside than service about chassis from outside(C/O). It is not efficient for chassis from outside. The purpose of this paper is functional assessment of efficient container terminal and for higher performance of container terminal. first, the items which are concerned with container handling at the planning of container terminal are investigated and extracted through the practical data analysis of container terminal. Also, verified problems of planning and present condition through the functional assessment. Secondly, the improvements for container throughput in container yard are proposed and examined the effectiveness of improvements about queuing time of chassis from outside and service time of transfer crane by the evaluation decision model based upon multi criteria objectives.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 2016

There are more than 30,000 chemical substances handled in domestic university laboratories. Among them, hazardous materials are selected and managed as designated substances by the standards of 19 Ministries and 16 Acts. However, domestic safety-related laws and regulations are used to manage industrial risk factors based on industrial activities. In case of installing a university chemical laboratory in accordance with the installation standards applicable to general workplaces. It is not suitable to use as a laboratory installation standard that can be applied to a chemical laboratory installed at a university such as a problem occurs in applying to a university using a small quantity of dangerous substances in a small amount. In order to establish the laboratory structure and facility standards that are appropriate for the laboratory characteristics and apply systematic laboratory safety, the National Security Administration shall apply the special handling standard of chemical experiment to places where handling less than 30 times the designated quantity of chemical substances for chemical experiments. On August 2, 2016, the regulations for the enforcement of the Dangerous Goods Safety Management Act and the standards for the structure and facilities of the university chemical laboratory were enacted. In this study, we investigated the domestic chemical substances laws and regulations to determine the chemical substances that are over-regulated in the relevant laws, and define them as substances against accidents. The management criteria for the substances were analyzed. The R value for the designation of the designated quantity by the concept of the space in the management standard was calculated.