• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2001

In order to determine how oral mucosal change relates to inducing factors of burning mouth syndrome, the difference in pain perception scale and keratinization rate between burning mouth syndrome patients and normal subjects were investigated. Twenty patients (13 female, 7 male, mean age: 59 years), presenting in the Department of Oral Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital were participated in this study. All subjects had been complaining of constant oral burning pain for more than a year, none took any strong analgesics, and none had oral mucosal lesions. Twenty volunteers (11 females, 9 males, mean age: 25 years) were also participated in this study as a control group. The control subjects had never had any symptoms of oral burning pain. A thermal stimulation using a Nd-YAG laser and cytological smear were carried out to anterodorsal part of tongue, tip of tongue, the left buccal mucosa, the lower lip mucosa and the chief complaint site. Stimulation of the dorsum of left hand was also carried out to contrast the mucosal area of burning mouth syndrome subjects and the control subjects. The laser output power could be adjusted from 0.75W to 4W. The pain perception scale of the burning mouth syndrome subjects were lower than in control subjects in the chief complaint area, the anterodorsal part of tongue and the buccal mucosa(p<0.01). The keratinization rate of burning mouth syndrome subjects, however, was higher keratinization rate than in normal subjects in the same area and lower lip mucosa(p<0.001). From above results, the anterodorsal part of tongue is the most appropriate site to use diagnostic laser stimulation. The higher level of keratinization and the lower level of thermal pain perception of the burning mouth syndrome subjects are explained as a protective mechanism against xerostomia and burning sensations. The application of Nd-YAG laser stimuli and cytological smear to oral mucosal surface could therefore be usefully employed as appropriate and standardized diagnostic tools for chronic orofacial pain subjects.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

Purpose: Enterovirus 71, one of the enteroviruses that are responsible for both hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina, can cause neural injury. During periods of endemic spread of hand-foot-andmouth disease caused by enterovirus 71, CNS infections are also frequently diagnosed and may lead to increased complications from neural injury, as well as death. We present the results of our epidemiologic research on the clinical manifestations of children with CNS infections caused by enterovirus 71. Methods: The study group consisted of 42 patients admitted for CNS infection by enterovirus 71 between April 2009 and October 2009 at the Department of Pediatrics of 5 major hospitals affiliated with the Catholic University of Korea. We retrospectively reviewed initial symptoms and laboratory findings on admission, the specimen from which enterovirus 71 was isolated, fever duration, admission period, treatment and progress, and complications. We compared aseptic meningitis patients with encephalitis patients. Results: Of the 42 patients (23 men, 19 women), hand-foot-and-mouth disease was most prevalent (n=39), followed by herpangina (n=3), upon initial clinical diagnosis. Among the 42 patients, 15 (35.7%) were classified as severe, while 27 (64.3%) were classified as mild. Factors such as age, fever duration, presence of seizure, and use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were statistically different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that patients with severe infection caused by enterovirus 71 tended to be less than 3 years old, presented with at least 3 days of fever as well as seizure activity, and received IVIG treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2013

Dental implantation in the mandibular anterior region is considered a safe and reliable surgical procedure. On the other hand, several articles have reported that inadvertent hemorrhage of the sublingual artery can result in life-threatening airway obstruction. Surgical ligation under intubation or tracheostomy is the most widely used approach for controlling mouth floor bleeding in this highly vascular region. Nonetheless, surgically exploring the bleeding focus is difficult because of anatomical distortion followed by widespread edema and swelling. Since swelling of the mouth floor advances quickly, timely management is essential for favorable postoperative outcome. This paper reports a case of immediate hemorrhage control with angiographic embolization to perform rapid hemostasis before the ongoing swelling causes airway obstruction. Less invasive, angiographic embolization can prevent neurovascular damage during a surgical exploration of injured vascular structures on the mouth floor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.6_2
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• pp.707-713
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• 2021

Symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease include fever and drooling a lot around the hoof, blisters in the mouth, poor appetite, blisters around the hoof, and blisters around the hoof. Research is underway on smart barns that remotely manage these symptoms through cameras. Visible light cameras can measure the condition of livestock such as blisters, but cannot measure body temperature. On the other hand, infrared thermal imaging cameras can measure body temperature, but it is difficult to measure the condition of livestock. In this paper, we propose an object detection system using deep learning-based livestock detection using visible and infrared thermal imaging composite camera modules for preemptive response

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.639-643
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• 2010

Purpose: Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness in children, which is usually mild and self-limiting. However, in recent epidemics of HFMD in Asia, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been recognized as a causative agent with severe neurological symptoms with or without cardiopulmonary involvement. HFMD was epidemic in Korea in the spring of 2009. Severe cases with complications including death have been reported. The clinical characteristics in children with neurologic manifestations of EV71 were studied in Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. Methods: Examinations for EV71 were performed from the stools, respiratory secretion or CSF of children who presented neurologic symptoms associated with HFMD by realtime PCR. Clinical and radiologic data of the patients were collected and analyzed. Results: EV71 was isolated from the stool of 16 patients but not from respiratory secretion or CSF. Among the 16 patients, meningitis (n=10) was the most common manifestation, followed by Guillain-Barre syndrome (n=3), meningoencephalitis (n=2), poliomyelitis-like paralytic disease (n=1), and myoclonus (n=1). Gene analysis showed that most of them were caused by EV71 subgenotype C4a, which was prevalent in China in 2008. Conclusion: Because EV71 causes severe complications and death in children, a surveillance system to predict upcoming outbreaks should be established and maintained and adequate public health measures are needed to control disease.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

The yarn company needs to conform to the consumers' sensibility, which has become diverse, in developing its yarn, which fixes the matter property and the sensibility in knit product. In particular, the development of fancy yarn, which is expected to have great influence upon the sensibility of material due to being a diverse form of knit yarn, may increase activation of the knit industry. Eight different fancy yarns were chosen: loop, Ratine, tam tam, fur 1, fur 2, chenille, ladder and tape yarn. The manufacturing methods of these yarns are all different. The sensibility was evaluated through a questionnaire targeting 60 women in their 20s of the expert group. Factor analysis, reliability, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan, and regression analysis were carried out by using SPSS 12.0. First, according to the results of analyzing the sense factor, three factors were extracted: 'inflexibleness/rugged', 'lightweight' and 'smooth'. 'Activity', 'grace' and 'purity' were extracted in regard to the sensibility factor. H3(tam tam) sample showed high value in all of preference, purchase intention and word-of-mouth intention. To increase consumers' preference, purchase intention, and word-of-mouth intention, its effect is thought to be likely to be possibly seen only when increasing the factor of pure and simple grace and when reducing the hard and stiff inflexibleness/ruggedness sense. It is expected to be likely to possibly secure marketability as knit product, which has product competitiveness, given the product planning in a company of producing knit.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.616-622
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• 2010

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been recognized as a frequent cause of epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological symptoms. In the spring of 2009, HFMD was epidemic in Korea. Severe cases with complication, including death, have been reported and it has become a public health issue. Most symptomatic EV71 infections commonly result in HFMD or herpangina. These clinical manifestations can be associated with neurologic syndromes frequently. Neurologic syndromes observed in EV71 include meningitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, poliomyelitis-like paralytic disease, Guillain-Barr$\acute{e}$ syndrome, transverse myelitis, cerebellar ataxia, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, benign intracranial hypertension, and brainstem encephalitis. Examinations for EV 71 were performed from the stools, respiratory secretion or CSF of the children by realtime PCR. Gene analysis showed that most of them were caused by EV71 subgenotype C4a which was prevalent in China, 2008. Public health measures including personal and environmental hygiene, must to target daycare centers, kindergartens, and schools where highly susceptible children congregate. To prevent the spread of infection, preschools where transmission persists for more than 2 incubation periods, have been recommended for closure, and trigger criteria for voluntary closure was instituted. During closure, operators are to thoroughly clean the centers before they are allowed to reopen. In addition, parents are advised to ensure that their children adopt a high standard of personal hygiene and to keep the infected child at home until full recovery. Because the outbreaks occur in a cyclical pattern, surveillance system to predict next outbreaks and adequate public health measures to control need to be planned for future. Control of EV71 epidemics through surveillance and public health intervention needs to be maintained in Korea. Future research should focus on understanding of EV71 virulence, identification of the receptor(s) for EV71, development of antiviral agents and development of vaccine.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 2024

Purpose: Enterovirus 71, a pathogen that causes hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is currently regarded as an increasing neurotropic virus in Asia and can cause severe complications in pediatric patients with blister-like sores or rashes on the hand, feet, and mouth. Notwithstanding the significant burden of the disease, no authorized vaccine is available. Previously identified attenuated and inactivated vaccines are worthless over time owing to changes in the viral genome. Materials and Methods: A novel vaccine construct using B-cell derived T-cell epitopes from the virulent polyprotein found the induction of possible immune response. In order to boost the immune system, a beta-defensin 1 preproprotein adjuvant with EAAAK linker was added at the N-terminal end of the vaccine sequence. Results: The immunogenicity of the designed, refined, and verified prospective three-dimensional-structure of the multi-epitope vaccine was found to be quite high, exhibiting non-allergenic and antigenic properties. The vaccine candidates bound to toll-like receptor 3 in a molecular docking analysis, and the efficacy of the potential vaccine to generate a strong immune response was assessed through in silico immunological simulation. Conclusion: Computational analysis has shown that the proposed multi-epitope vaccine is possibly safe for use in humans and can elicit an immune response.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.75-104
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• 2016

Purpose The business ecosystem perspective offers a new lens in which to view customers. Customers as the member of business ecosystems influence firms by participating in both the firm level activities and the business ecosystem level activities. For example, customers participate in the business ecosystems by forming interest groups, allowing their voice to be heard the within business ecosystems. Customers can also, turn public opinion around and foster the business ecosystems favorable to firms. On the other hand, as an extreme case of customer participation, customers can engage in community activities to boycott the purchase of products or services from certain firms or business ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach This study views content creation and feedback activities as customer participation in the firm level. On the other hand, word-of-mouth (WOM) and boycott activities are considered as customer participation in the business ecosystem level. This study presents a research model regarding the relationships among customer socialization, customer participation, and psychological ownership. The proposed model is validated through an empirical analysis on online platform business ecosystems. Findings When the two business ecosystems are compared, different results were drawn. In the Facebook ecosystem, boycott and psychological ownership did not have a significant relationship. However, in the Kakao ecosystem, the two had a significant positive relationship. The mediating effect of the business ecosystem type sheds a light on the mission, purpose, vision, and other values associated with the theory of the business on the customer-firm relationship. Further implications for theory and practice were discussed in this study.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.710-718
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• 2020

Objectives: We analyzed water in waterscape facilities to investigate contamination levels of water-borne pathogens and four test items (pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, and Escherichia coli) at facilities including play fountains, splash parks, and artificial streams from June to October in Suwon City and in the whole of Gyeonggi-do. Methods: A total of 62 waterscape facility samples were collected from 36 sites and tested for pathogenic Escherichia coli and water-borne viruses that cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease, eye disease, and acute enteritis. Results: None of the water-borne pathogens were detected in waterscape facility samples collected from across Gyeonggi-do that were for pre-inspection for facility management. However, the results of samples from Suwon collected in hot weather and during the school vacation period showed five total inconsistencies in turbidity (four cases) and Escherichia coli (one case). Three out of the four inconsistent samples in turbidity were from the same facility which operated a sand filtration system due to its locational factors close to mountains. Conclusion: We suggest that the waterscape facilities in Gyeonggi-do are managed properly in the respect of microbial contamination and water quality.