• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

This study analyzed the physical characteristics and change characteristics of urban detached residential area. In the reality of South Korea in which the history of modern urbanization is not long, the densification that progressed together with sudden population growth without any consideration of city plans became to reveal many problems. Thereafter, apartment-centered large scaled development plans have been implemented until now as an alternative for the foregoing. As the residential environments of old downtown areas that were excluded from the development have been gradually deteriorated, large scaled re-development and reconstruction projects have been adopted as ways to solve the problems of the old downtown areas. On one hand, the development methods that damage the history of the detached housing areas have been resisted. With such a background, this study attempted the analysis of the change characteristics of the Kookmin Housing Complex in Suyu 1-dong, Seoul with a view to playing the role of evidentiary materials for the disappearing urban detached housing areas or those urban detached housing areas that may be revived. This author hopes and the results of this study will lead to careful development that presents measures to maintain and develop modern urban residential areas where the history of past residential areas and culture are disappearing due to full-scale redevelopment.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제59호
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• pp.241-260
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• 2018

본고는 고려후기 유학자인 정몽주의 불교이해를 탐구하는데 연구목적이 있다. 고려시대 불교는 오랜 기간 동안 사회적 순기능을 맡아왔다. 그러나 고려후기에 이르러서는 그것을 기대하기 어려워졌다. 이러한 상황에서 점차적으로 신유학인 성리학이 수용되기 시작하였다. 그리하여 불교로부터 유학으로 사상적 전환이 진행되었다. 정몽주의 학문세계는 사장학보다 유학의 기본경전에 기반하였다. 그는 유학의 기본경전 가운데 특히 "주역"에 조예가 깊었다. 그는 불교이해의 밑바탕으로서 "주역"을 중시하는 모습을 보여주었다. 정몽주는 불교의 여러 경전을 통해 교리들을 접하였다. 그는 불교에 대해 관심이 많았다. 승려와의 교유도 적지 않았다. 이런 까닭으로 정몽주는 불교와의 관계성을 무시할 수 없다. 한편으로는 불교를 이해하면서도 유학자로서 비판의식을 보이는 지불유자(知佛儒者)적 입장이 정몽주의 특징적 모습이라 하겠다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2019

공기 주입식 스팀-에어 레토르트 내에서 스팀온도, 내부가압, CUT 등의 공정변수가 레토르트 내부의 온도 균일성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 고온살균(121℃)이 저온살균(82℃) 보다 공정구간동안 온도분포가 더 균일하고 안정적이었다. 내부 가압이 클수록 저온살균조건의 공정에서는 온도분포가 안정적이었고, 이와 반대로 고온살균조건의 공정에서 온도분포가 더 불균일한 것으로 나타났다. 승온구간을 조절한 경우에는 레토르트 내의 온도분포에는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 공정구간동안 레토르트 내부에서 냉점은 수직방향 1층의 위로 확인되었고, 수평방향에서는 맨 뒤쪽 중앙 부분이 가장 높은 온도를 유지하여 공정 동안 이 위치들을 주의를 할 필요가 있었다. 또한 레토르트 내부의 양 옆 위치가 다른 위치에 비해 특히 온도분포가 불안정한 것으로 확인되었으므로 레토르트 가공 공정에서 주의해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2022

To examine the effects of substratum types on the growth of Caulerpa okamurae, sand surface and sand burial experiments were conducted. Five assimilators (erect fronds) per replicate were cultured for 15 d on the surface of three different treatments: fine sand (200 ㎛), coarse sand (600 ㎛), and no sand (control). Also, three stolons and three assimilators were buried by fine grain or coarse grain sands and incubated for 15 d. In both experiments, other culture conditions included 25℃, 30 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1, and 16 : 8 h L : D (light : dark). In both experiments, stolon + assimilator-, assimilator-, and stolon-weights were measured. Relative growth rates (RGRs) of stolon + assimilator weights ranged from 0.43 to 1.95% d^-1 at no sand and fine sand treatment, respectively. RGRs for the weight of stolon + assimilator and new assimilators were significantly greater on the fine- and coarse sand surface than the control. In the burial experiments, RGRs of stolons (4.28% d^-1 at coarse sand and 5.57% d^-1 at fine sand, respectively) were significantly greater than those of assimilators (1.38% d^-1 at fine sand and 1.82% d^-1 at coarse sand, respectively). When stolons were buried, RGRs for assimilators were greater at the fine sand than at the coarse sand treatment. On the other hand, RGRs of buried assimilators for total frond weights and for newly produced stolons were significantly greater at the coarse sands than at the fine sands. In conclusion, C. okamurae grew well with all substrates of sands and showed better growth on fine sands than coarse ones. This result suggests that the growth of stolons and assimilators of C. okamurae is stimulated after stable attachment to the sand substrates by rhizophores. In addition, stolons showed higher growth rates than the assimilators in the sand burial states, indicating that stolons are more tolerant to low light than assimilators of C. okamurae.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제18권
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• pp.149-164
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• 2004

Various social surveys conducted by mass media and government agencies in recent years in Japan suggest that the percentage of those who believe in religion are between twenty and thirty percent. However, more than seventy percent of Japanese visit Shinto shrines or Buddhist temples during the New year period. Although there are varying interpretations on whether Japanese people are religious or not, detailed research shows the existence of certain religious tendencies among Japanese. I base my estimates on research surveys of college students covering a period of almost ten years. It is helpful for understanding the religiosity of the Japanese to differentiate between "clear-cut religion" and "peripheral religious phenomena." The exact boundary between these two categories, however, is difficult to clearly demarcate. "Clear-cut religion" refers here phenomena which are directly related to established religious organizations such as shrine Shinto, Buddhist sects, or Christianity. "Peripheral religious phenomena" covers such phenomena as fortune telling, mystical phenomena, religious customs and similar matters. It is often said that the younger generations are less concerned with religion. Our seven surveys questioning several thousand college students, conducted between 1995 and 2001, show that only between six and seven percent of the students state that they believe in religion. Additionally, the extent of negative attitudes toward religion quite remarkable. On the other hand, students who take part in conventional ritual such as a New year's visit to a shrine or temple and visiting the graves of ancestors amount to about fifty percentage. In spite of the prevailing negative attitude toward religious groups, these students have apparently kept a certain level of interest in religious customs. Moreover, they show a relatively strong interest in fortune telling, mystical phenomena, or supernatural phenomena. The exact degree of a positive attitude toward peripheral religious phenomena differs according to the level of being informed on these matters. As a whole, they largely rely on information gained from their families and local communities. Therefore, we can conclude that there is a degree of transmission of religious culture among younger generations.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.45-68
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• 2006

Living in the Information Age, schools and teachers are expected to utilize new information technology in education to make teaching more effective. In Japan, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has been strongly implementing policies to promote information education (IE) in schools since 1988. According to a survey in 2005 (Japan MEXT, 2005), 100% of high schools in Japan at present have computers and the Internet connections. However, videoconferencing systems have only been introduced only in a small number of schools. This paper is the result of a pilot research to see the effects of using a videoconferencing system in a Japanese high school. The purpose of the research was to clarify the effects of introducing videoconferencing system in a Japanese high school and of utilizing it for conferences with other schools abroad on the studies of global issues. The target students were in the 12th Grade in the year 2006. The counterpart school was an Australian high school in Sydney and the conferences were held in English. International discussions on global warming were conducted between the Japanese and Australian students. Affective competence and cognitive competence were measured using questionnaires and worksheets given to students both before and after the videoconferences. The results showed that both cognitive and affective competences rose after each videoconference. Not only the students who actively participated in the conference but also those who were in the audience showed positive effects. In the field of international cooperation on global issues, especially, the effects were large. These results suggest that in order to teach global issues in which international effort and cooperation are needed, direct contacts with foreign students are effective in increasing student cognitive and affective competences. On the other hand, as English was the main communication tool in the conferences, Japanese students faced a certain difficulty in communication. Also, teachers, especially English teachers, were required to make great efforts to assist students in preparing for the conferences. The effectiveness of an international videoconference depends largely on students' English skills and teachers' efforts.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.285-285
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• 2022

Recent unpredictable climate change is a major cause of rice yield loss. In particular, methane is a key factor in global warming. Therefore rice breeders are trying to breed the reducing-methane gas emission rice using the crossbreeding method. However, the traditional crossbreeding method takes 8 to 10 years to breed a cultivar, and the anther culture method developed to shorten the breeding cycle also takes 6 to 7 years. On the other hand, CRISPR/Cas9 accurately edits the target trait and can rapidly breed rice cultivars by editing the target trait as a homozygous in 2-3 years. In addition, exogenous genetic elements such as Cas9 can be isolated from the G₁ generation. Therefore, the flowering time was regulated by applying CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and OsCKq1 genome-editing (OsCKq1-G) rice with early flowered and high yield was bred in the field. Genome-editing of OsCKq1 applied CRISPR/Cas9 technology up-regulates the expression of the flowering promotion gene Ehd1 under long-day conditions induces early flowering and increases the yield by increasing the 1,000-grain weight. And as the generations advanced, each agricultural trait indicated a low coefficient of variation. As a result, indicated that OsCKq1 plays an important role in regulating the flowering time and is related to the trait determining yield. Therefore, OsCKq1-G can suggest a breeding strategy for the Net-Zero national policy for reducing-methane gas emission rice by shortening the breeding cycle with the early flowered, and high-yield rice. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a rapid and accurate breeding technology for breeding rice cultivars with important characteristics.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 몽골에 성공적으로 진출한 우리나라 유통기업인 CU의 사례를 통해 몽골 소매유통시장의 특성을 살펴보고, 몽골에 진출하려는 한국 기업에게 유용한 시사점을 제시하였다. 지금까지 몽골은 한국과 지리적으로 인접해 있음에도 불구하고, 작은 내수시장과 내륙국가라는 지리적 위치, 비효율적인 물류 인프라 및 유통산업과 관련된 법과 제도의 미비로 인해 소매유통업이 발전하기 어려운 환경을 가지고 있다고 알려져 있었다. 그러나 CU는 몽골 현지 기업과 마스터 프랜차이즈 계약을 활용하고, 글로컬라이제이션 전략을 추진함으로써 몽골 시장에 성공적으로 정착하였다. 몽골 CU는 단순한 편의점이 아니라 몽골인들이 글로벌 문화를 향유하고, 자신들의 소비 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 새로운 공간으로 재구성되고 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.258-261
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• 2024

Career building can be challenging for young surgeons, especially when topics such as lifestyle, work-life balance and subspecialization arise. Suggestions and advice from senior colleagues is very valuable but many young surgeons do not have such opportunities or are limited to a few senior surgeons. The International Microsurgery Club (IMC), in collaboration with the World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery, organized a combined webinar for this topic and invited world renownedmicrosurgery masters polled by the IMCmembers to join, including Prof. Peter Neligan (Emeritus from University of Washington, United States), Prof. Raja Sabapathy (Ganga Hospital, India), Dr. Gregory Buncke (The Buncke Clinic, United States), Prof. Isao Koshima (Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan), Prof. David Chwei-Chin Chuang (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan), and Prof. Eric Santamaria (Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico) on May 1, 2022. Prof. Joon-Pio Hong (Asan Medical Center, South Korea) and Prof. Fu-Chan Wei (Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan) were also selected but unfortunately could not make it and were therefore invited to another event in April 2023, summarized in a recently published paper. There is ample literature reporting on different aspects of developing a microsurgical career but the goal of this session was to offer an opportunity for direct exchange with experienced mentors. Moreover, insights from experienced microsurgeons from different part of the world were more likely to offer different perspectives on aspects such as career building, failure management, and team culture. This webinar event was moderated by Dr. Jung-Ju Huang (Taiwan), Dr. Susana Heredero (Spain), and Dr. Wei F. Chen (United States).

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.38.1-38.12
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• 2020

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that initiate both T-cell responses and tolerance. Tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) are regulatory DCs that suppress immune responses through the induction of T-cell anergy and Tregs. Because lactoferrin (LF) was demonstrated to induce functional Tregs and has a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease, we explored the tolerogenic effects of LF on mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). The expression of CD80/86 and MHC class II was diminished in LF-treated BMDCs (LF-BMDCs). LF facilitated BMDCs to suppress proliferation and elevate Foxp3⁺ induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation in ovalbumin-specific CD4⁺ T-cell culture. Foxp3 expression was further increased by blockade of the B7 molecule using CTLA4-Ig but was diminished by additional CD28 stimulation using anti-CD28 Ab. On the other hand, the levels of arginase-1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (known as key T-cell suppressive molecules) were increased in LF-BMDCs. Consistently, the suppressive activity of LF-BMDCs was partially restored by inhibitors of these molecules. Collectively, these results suggest that LF effectively causes DCs to be tolerogenic by both the suppression of T-cell proliferation and enhancement of iTreg differentiation. This tolerogenic effect of LF is due to the reduction of costimulatory molecules and enhancement of suppressive molecules.