• 농약과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2015

본 연구는 엇갈이배추 중 bistrifluron과 fluopicolide의 잔류특성을 조사하여 약제별 잔류량 감소추이와 생물학적 반감기를 바탕으로 생산단계 잔류허용기준(pre-harvest residue limit, PHRL) 설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 온실 재배 중인 엇갈이배추에 안전사용기준 농도로 희석한 bistrifluron과 fluopicolide를 다른 두 지역의 포장에 각각 살포 후 0 (2시간), 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10일에 시료를 채취하여 분석하였다. 엇갈이배추 중 두 성분의 잔류농약은 acetonitrile을 이용하여 추출하고 Florisil SPE cartridge로 정제한 후 HPLC/DAD를 이용하여 분석하였다. 두 시험농약의 정량한계는 $0.03mg\;kg^{-1}$이었고, 시험분석법의 회수율은 0.1 및 $0.5mg\;kg^{-1}$ 두 수준에서 87.2%~110.6%이었으며 상대표준편차는 모두 5% 미만이었다. 두 지역의 시험포장에서 엇갈이배추 중 각 시험농약의 생물학적 반감기는 bistrifluron의 경우 3.9일과 4.2일이었으며, fluopicolide의 경우 4.9일과 4.2일로 나타났다. 잔류회귀감소식을 이용하여 엇갈이배추 중 bistrifluron과 fluopicolide의 생산단계 잔류허용기준은 수확 10일 전 $3.83mg\;kg^{-1}$과 $3.23mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 제안하였다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2009

본 연구는 포도 재배 중 살충제 bifenthrin을 살포하고, 살포 후 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15일에 포도 시료를 채취하여 bifenthrin을 분석하고 bifenthrin의 생물학적 반감기를 산출한 다음 생산단계 농약 잔류허용기준(PHRL; Pre-Harvest Residue Limit)을 설정하였다. 포도 중 bifenthrin은 acetonitrile과 dichloromethane 으로 추출 및 분배 하여 GC/ECD로 분석 하였다. Bifenthrin의 정량한계는 0.01 ng이었고, 평균 회수율은 0.1 및 $0.5\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ 두 수준에서 각각 $104.08{\pm}1.24%$와 $92.25{\pm}3.13%$이었다. 포도 중 bifenthrin의 기준량 및 배량 살포시 생물학적 반감기는 각각 21일과 23일로 계산되었다. 또한 증체량에 따른 희석효과가 bifenthrin의 잔류량 감소에 있어 주요인자로 작용하지는 않았다. 잔류감소 회귀식을 이용한 생산단계 농약 잔류허용기준은 수확 10일전 $0.60\;mg\;kg^{-1}$, 또는 5일전 $0.55\;mg\;kg^{-1}$으로 제안하였다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2017

대추 중 boscalid와 pyraclostrobin의 잔류량을 조사하여 약제별 잔류소실과 생물학적 반감기를 산출하였다. 노지재배 중인 대추에 안전사용기준 농도로 희석한 boscalid와 pyraclostrobin을 다른 두 지역의 포장에서 각각 살포 후 0 (2시간), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14일에 시료를 채취하여 HPLC/DAD로 분석하였다. 두 시험농약의 방법정량한계는 $0.02mg\;kg^{-1}$이었으며 시험분석법의 회수율 결과, boscalid는 101.8~109.3%, pyraclostrobin은 104.2~115.4%이었다. 저장안정성시험 결과, boscalid는 101.9~106.5%, pyraclostrobin은 104.6~110.6%이었으며 회수율시험 및 저장안정성 시험 결과 CV값이 5% 미만이었다. 대추 중 boscalid의 초기 잔류량은 포장 1에서 $0.40mg\;kg^{-1}$이고 포장 2에서 $0.48mg\;kg^{-1}$이었으며, pyraclostrobin의 초기 잔류량은 포장 1에서 $0.76mg\;kg^{-1}$이고 포장 2에서 $0.57mg\;kg^{-1}$이었다. 대추 중 boscalid의 생물학적 반감기는 포장 1에서 11.0일, 포장 2에서 13.2일 이었으며, pyraclostrobin의 생물학적 반감기는 포장 1에서 6.1일, 포장 2에서 12.7일이었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2012

재질별 생물활성탄(BAC) 및 안트라사이트 biofilter에서 EBCT 및 수온변화에 따른 인공사향물질(SMCs) 3종의 생물분해 특성을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 생물활성탄(BAC) 공정에서 인공사향물질 3종의 제거는 EBCT와 수온에 따라 큰 영향을 받으며, EBCT와 수온이 증가할수록 제거능이 증가하였다. 물질에 따른 제거능은 MK가 가장 높았고 다음으로 HHCB, AHTN 순이었다. 또한, 활성탄 재질에 따른 생물활성탄(BAC) 및 안트라사이트 biofilter에서의 인공사향물질 3종의 제거는 석탄계 재질의 BAC에서 생물분해능이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 목탄계, 야자계, 안트라사이트 순으로 조사되었다. 인공사향물질 3종에 대한 생물분해 속도상수($K_{biodeg}$)와 반감기($t_{1/2}$)는 수온이 $5{\sim}25^{\circ}C$일 때 0.0082~0.4452 $min^{-1}$와 1.56~84.51 min이었으며, 수온이 $15^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$로 증가시켰을 때 $5^{\circ}C$에서의 반감기보다 3.1~9.3배 감소되었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2005

Salinity of soils in greenhouse has been increased by massive application of fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizer was most popular, and thus nitrate became the majority of soil salinity. Accumulation of nitrate led to deleterious effects on the growth and development of crops and vegetables. Microbial strains able to utilize nitrate and thus remove excess nitrate from farm land soils were isolated from 15 different soils of greenhouses and plastic film houses. Four strains able to grow in medium containing 50 mM $KNO_3$ were isolated, among which only E0461 showed high capacity of nitrate uptake. Nitrate uptake by E0461 was dependent on culture medium and was increased by addition of tryptone and peptone. Although E0461 was able to grow without tryptone and peptone, growth was slow, and no nitrate uptake was observed. Nitrate appeared to facilitate E0461 growth in the presence of tryptone and peptone. Through kinetic analysis, nitrate uptake was measured at various concentrations of nitrate, and half-life was calculated. Nitrate concentration decreased with increasing incubation period, and plot between half-lives and initial concentrations of nitrate fitted to single exponential function. These results suggest one major factor plays an important role in microbial nitrate uptake.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

살충제 carbofuran의 수중 광분해 실험을 미국 EPA 및 OECD 방법으로 수행하였다. Carbofuran은 자연광을 흡수하지 않는 화합물이지만, 야외에서 증류수로 수행한 광분해시험 결과 반감기가 9.7일, SUNTEST에서 3.4일, SUNTEST의 UV하에서 1시간으로 신속한 광분해가 일어남을 확인하였다. 특히 논물에서는 SUNTEST에서의 반감기가 14시간으로 증류수 보다 약 6배 가속화되었으며, 살균한 논물보다는 비살균 논물에서의 광분해가 다소 빠르게 일어났다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 carbofuran의 경우 수도작 상황에서 sensitizer 등에 의한 간접 광분해의 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify contraception behaviors in unmarried men and women. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Individual in-depth interviews with fifteen participants were conducted. Content analysis was utilized to determine the main outcomes. Results: For men, three themes were consistently seen as contraception behaviors: 'men desired sexual intercourse greatly', 'men would not use a contraceptive device, even though they knew it was necessary', and 'men gradually considered contraceptive use to live their lives without interruption'. For women, the three themes were as follow: 'women had sex half willingly while half did not have sexual inter course for the first time', 'women did not use contraceptive devices because of ignorance of contraceptive methods', and 'women did not carefully consider contraceptive use'. Conclusion: To prevent unmarried men and women from having unplanned pregnancies, tailored sex education programs should be established throughout Korea. All things considered, the effect of multimedia sex education should be considered to maximize the use of contraceptive devices.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1995

The interaction of omeprazole(OMP) with $\gamma$-cyclodextrin($\gamma$-CyD) was investigated by solubility study and the complexation was confirmed by means of UV/VIS spectrophotometer, circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimeter, and $^{1}$H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The stability, dissolution rate, and partition coefficient of the complex were measured. The results present that the benzimidazole moiety and a part of pyridine ring containing sulfur atom of OMP might be included into the cavity of $\gamma$-CyD and the formation type of inclusion complex appeared to be B$_{s}$. The stoichiometric ratio of OMP to $\gamma$-CyD in the complex was found to be 1:1 and the stability constant of the complex found to be 97.1 M$^{-1}$. And the dissolution rate of OMP was markedly increased by inclusion complex formation with $\gamma$-CyD, and so it was above 90% in 5 min. from solid complex. Oil to water partition coefficient of OMP-$\gamma$-CyD complex was 60, which is significantly higher than that of OMP itself, 36.4. The degradation rate constant of OMP were greater than OMP-$\gamma$-CyD complex in aqueous solutions of various pHs, and the half lives of OMP and OMP-$\gamma$-CyD at pH 9 were 279.2 and 509.9 days, respectively, showing that the complex was more stable than OMP, therefore it was thought that OMP was stabilized by inclusion formation with $\gamma$-CyD.

• Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2017

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Patients with T2D suffer from various diabetes-related complications. Since there are many patients with T2D that cannot be controlled by previously developed drugs, it has been necessary to develop new drugs, one of which is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapy. GLP-1 has been shown to ameliorate diabetes-related conditions by augmenting pancreatic ${\beta}-cell$ insulin secretion and having the low risk of causing hypoglycemia. Because of a very short half-life of GLP-1, many researches have been focused on the development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists with long half-lives such as exenatide and dulaglutide. Now GLP-1R agonists have a variety of dosing-cycle forms to meet the needs of various patients. In this article, we review the physiological features of GLP-1, the effects of GLP-1 on T2D, the features of several GLP-1R agonists, and the therapeutic effect on T2D.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3704-3710
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• 2021

The characteristics of the external radiation on the surface of the casks for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) storage by dry method are investigated for the case when the spatial distribution of SNF in the basket changes due to the destruction of the fuel rod claddings. The surface areas are determined, where the changes in fluxes of neutrons, produced by ²⁴⁴Cm actinide, and γ-quanta, produced by long-lived isotopes, are maximum in the result of the decrease in the height of the SNF area. Concrete (VSC-24) and metal (SC-21) casks are considered as examples. The procedure of periodic measurement of the dose rate of neutrons or γ-quanta at the specified points of the cask surface is proposed for identifying the fuel rod cladding destruction. Under normal operation, the decrease in the dose rate produced by neutrons as the function of SNF storage duration is determined by the half-life of ²⁴⁴Cm, and for γ-quanta - by the half-lives of long-lived SNF isotopes. Consequently, a stepwise change in the dose rate of neutrons or γ-quanta, detected by the measurements, as compared to the previous one, would indicate the destruction of the fuel rod claddings.