• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.624-630
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine antioxidant compounds and antioxidative activities of by-products including rice bran and half-crashed rice by rice milling. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power have been used to investigate the relative antioxidative activities of 70% EtOH extracts from by-products. The contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid and $\gamma$-oryzanol in EtOH extracts were measured by spectrophotometric methods, and vitamin E was carried out by HPLC. Ethanol extract from rice bran showed markedly antioxidative activity than that from half-crushed rice. Among EtOH extracts from milling by-products, rice bran of 'Hongjiju' tended to have the most effective antioxidative activity compared to the others. These results suggested that by-products of rice milling have the potent antioxidative activity and these activity are partly due to the antioxidative compounds present in by-products including rice bran and half-crushed rice.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.280-287
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• 2011

This investigation was undertaken to survey toxigenic fungal contamination of various rice samples in 93 rice processing complexes (RPC) in Korea. Rice was grown in 2009 and the samples were collected in 2010. Seven types of rice samples such as unhusked, brown, blue-tinged, discolored, polished, half-crushed, and rice husks were obtained from each RPC. One-hundred and five grains of each sample were placed on PDA plates after surface disinfection. The incidence of fungal contaminants was 26.8%. Aspergillus spp. was the most dominant fungal contaminants and Fusarium spp. was the most frequently occurred in samples. The heaviest Fusarium contamination was found in unhusked grain, rice husks, and bare blue-tinged rice and followed by colored rice whereas broken rice was the least contaminated. Regional difference of fungal contamination was distinctive. Fusarium incidence in the rice samples from southern region of Korea including Jeolla and Gyeongsang Provinces was higher than those from central region including Chungcheong, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon Provinces. In contrast to Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were dominated in brown and polished rice samples and their incidences were more severe in central region than southern region. The major contaminants shown more than 1% of kernels infected were Aspergillus (5.0%), Fusarium (2.0%), Alternaria (1.4%), Dreschlera (1.3%), Penicillium spp. (1.3%), and Nigrospora spp. (1.0%). Collectotrichum, Pyricularia, Myrothecium, Epicoccum, Cladosporium, Moniliella, Gloeocercospora, Chaeto- mium, Curvularia, Phialopora, Acremonium, Gliomastix, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Phomopsis, Paecilomyces, Genicularia, Geotrichum, Acremoniella, Rhizoctonia, Phoma, Oidiodendran, and Candida spp. were among the rest observed at low incidence. The major contaminants of rice samples were well-known as toxigenic fungal genera so toxin producibility of these fungal isolates is necessary to be examined in future. It is also needed to study Myrothecium spp. on species level as it was detected for the first time in rice.