• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

This study was performed to quantitatively and qualitatively estimate the effect of keratin essence on hair protection against physicochemical damage. Damaged hairs were obtained from an early thirty woman who dyed her hair two times and did digital permanent treatment of her hair two times. The damaged hairs were divided into four experimental groups, which are the control hair (CH) group without additional beauty treatment, the damaged hair (DH) group by additional dyeing treatment, basic essence-treated hair (BEH) group, and keratin essence-treated hair (KEH) groups according to the research goal. The protection effect of keratin essence against the physicochemical damage was quantitatively compared by difference of chrominance measured using a color difference meter and qualitatively compared by difference of outer morphological structure images pictured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The brightness and yellowish blue color of KEH were relatively lower but the reddish blue color was relatively higher than other groups of test hairs. Cuticle structure of the previously DH was irregularly deformed and more strongly deformed or partially broken by additional dyeing treatment. On the other hand, the gaps between cuticle scales of the DH were reformed by treatment with basic essence and reformed and filled by treatment with keratin essence in comparison with the DH group. Conclusively, the keratin essence was effective to protect hair structure against the structural damage induced by the dyeing-treatment, by which the coloring efficiency is thought to be improved.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2023

Background: In this study, we investigated the potential use of keratin for oral tissue regeneration. Keratin is well-known for its effectiveness in skin regeneration by promoting keratinization and enhancing the elasticity and activity of fibroblasts. Because of its structural stability, high storability, biocompatibility, and safety in humans, existing research has predominantly focused on its role in skin wound healing. Herein, we propose using keratin proteins as biocompatible materials for dental applications. Methods: To assess the suitability of alpha-keratin protein as a substrate for cell culture, keratin was extracted from human hair via PEGylation. Viabilities of primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were assessed. Fluorescence immunostaining and migration assays were conducted using a fluorescence microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Wound healing and migration assays were performed using automated software to analyze the experimental readout and gap closure rate. Results: We confirmed the extraction of alpha-keratin and formation of the PEG-g-keratin complex. Treatment of HGFs with keratin protein at a concentration of 5 mg/ml promoted proliferation and maintained cell viability in the test group compared to the control group. HOKs treated with 5 mg/ml keratin exhibited a slight decrease in cell proliferation and activity after 48 hours compared to the untreated group, followed by an increase after 72 hours. Wound healing and migration assays revealed rapid closure of the area covered by HOKs over time following keratin treatment. Additionally, HOKs exhibited changes in cell morphology and increased the expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the potential of hair keratin for soft tissue regeneration, with potential future applications in clinical settings for wound healing.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 녹용에 함유한 단백질인 케라틴을 Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1로 고온 혐기 발효를 통하여 케라틴 펩타이드를 생산하고, 인체 모발 관련한 인자를 확인하여, 화장품 원료로서 케라틴 펩타이드의 가능성을 확인하였다. 모유두 세포주에서 녹용 발효 케라틴 펩타이드를 농도에 따라 세포 독성 및 증식을 확인한 결과, 세포 독성은 나타나지 않았고, 세포 증식 효과를 보였다. 인체 모유두 세포에 대하여 녹용 발효 케라틴 펩타이드에 따른 성장인자의 증가를 확인하여 모발에 영향을 준다고 판단하였다. 이러한 녹용 발효 케라틴 펩타이드를 함유한 화장품을 제조하여 피부 안전성 및 탈모 증상 완화 인체 효력 시험을 수행한 결과, 사용 12 주 후에 제품 사용 전 대비 전체 모발 수의 증가 및 대조군과 비교시 전체 모발 개수의 차이가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 이를 통해 녹용 발효 케라틴 펩타이드는 기능성 화장품 원료뿐만 아니라 건강 기능 식품 소재로의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1를 이용하여 케라틴 펩타이드를 생산하고, 두피 및 모발에 관련된 인자를 확인하여, 화장품 원료로서 케라틴 펩타이드의 가능성을 알아보았다. 모유두 세포주에 케라틴 펩타이드를 농도에 따라 세포 독성 및 증식을 살펴본 결과, 세포 독성은 나타나지 않았고, 세포증식에도 효과가 없었다. 케라틴 펩타이드를 함유한 헤어 샴푸, 헤어 에센스를 제조하여 인체 첩포 시험을 거쳐 무자극을 확인하였다. 30 명의 건강한 성인 피험자를 대상으로 4 주 동안 샴푸 및 에센스를 2 그룹으로 나누어 사용한 결과, 육안평가에서 윤기, 탈모, 두피 트러블, 푸석거림에서 통계적으로 유의한 긍정적 결과를 나타내었다. 두피 수분량은 샴푸와 에센스 사용 전 대비 2, 4 주 후에 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 두피에 대한 경피수분손실양은 에센스를 사용한 그룹에서 사용 전 대비 4주 후에 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 두피 피지량 역시, 에센스를 사용한 그룹에서 사용 전 대비 4 주 후에 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 정상 모발, 손상 모발을 이용한 헤어 샴푸와 에센스의 사용 전후의 빗질에 의한 마찰력을 측정한 결과, 사용 전 대비 모두 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 나타내었다. 정상 모발의 경우, 사용 전보다 빗질의 마찰력이 증가하였고, 손상 모발의 경우 사용 전보다 빗질의 마찰력이 감소하였다. 이를 통해 케라틴 펩타이드는 모발 및 두피 관련한 제품에 사용할 수 있는 원료로 확인하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2008

The physico-chemical characteristics by bleaching treatments were assessed by several instrumental analyses such as surface morphology, chemical structural change, color change as well as tensile strength. The change of morphological characteristic was observed through scanning electron microscope(SEM). The observation of the fine structure on hair surface by SEM showed the bleached hair had much damaged to hair cuticle, and some of cuticle surface were worn away. To investigate the chemical structural changes in hair keratin, the cross-sections of hair samples were directly analysed using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy(FT-IRM). The results showed the cysteic acid S=O band intensity was distinctively increased by performing the bleaching treatment. The cleavage of cystine was appeared to proceed primarily through the sulfur-sulfur (-S-S-) fission whereby cysteic acid was formed as a principal oxidation products. The distribution of amide I band in hair keratin was determined by attenuated total reflectance(ATR) FT-IR mapping image. The results showed that the outer side of hair cortex was more damaged than the inner side of the hair cortex. Also, during chemical bleaching of the hair with alkaline peroxide, the hair was turned to reddish yellow due to the oxidative degradation of eumelanin. This means the eumelanin is more unstable than pheomelanin in chemical oxidation. With bleaching, the tensile strength was also reduced as a results of the chemical oxidation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1976

우모(牛毛) 및 모발을 단백질자원(蛋白質資源)으로 이용하고자 그 처리 가공방법(加工方法)을 실험하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 알칼리 분해(分解)는 NaOH 1% 용액(溶液)에 우모(牛毛) 및 모발을 10% 투입하여 $100^{\circ}C$에서 $25{\sim}30$분(分) 가열 분해(分解)하면 팽윤하여 연화분해(軟化分解)된다. (2) 이것을 humin질(質), fiber 등 불순물과 이물(異物)에서 단백질(蛋白質)을 분리(分離)해 내는 데는 용해도차(差) 및 등전점(等電點) pH를 이용하여 분리단백질(分離蛋白質)을 만들 수 있었다. (3) 분리단백질(分離蛋白質)은 pH $3{\sim}4.5$의 등전점(等電點) pH 를 가졌고 이의 조성(組成)은 대부분이 단백질(蛋白質)로 되어 있고 amino acid조성도 비교적 좋아서 단백질(蛋白質)로 이용할 만했다. (4) 산분해(酸分解)는 20%의 HCl, $H_2SO_4$ 용액에 액량(液量)의 30%의 keratin을 투입하여 분해시킴이 좋았고 불순물은 용액도차(溶液度差) 및 흡착제로 제거할 수 있었다. (5) 이때의 amino acid concentrate는 분리단백질(分離蛋白質)과 같이 몇 종의 필수아미노산을 안가(安價)로 강화(强化)시키면 훌륭한 단백질자원(蛋白質資源)으로 활용(活用)할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.53-76
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• 1979

During cosmetic treatments, SURFACTANTS penetrate into KERATINOUS TISSUES (hair, skin and nails). Whereas some of these surfactant molecules migrate to the vital tissues, a considerable fraction remains bound to the keratin. The extent of binding depends both on the nature of the head group and the length of the hydrophobic tail of the detergent molecules. In addition to entering the amorphous region of the keratin, some of the detergents also penetrate into the crystalline microfibrils and change their structures affecting their tensile properties. Owing to an uneven distribution of detergent molecules in the tissues, an anisotropy of the elastic moduli will occur, resulting in considerable internal stresses which, in rum, might lead to a deterioration of hair, skin and nails. The chemical behavior of keratins is also influenced by the presence of absorbed detergent in their structures. Depending on the detergents and the conditions, these effects can be either protective or detrimental. The deposition of detergent molecules into keratin can be enhanced or diminished by the inclusion of appropriate ingredients into the product formulae.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2022

Recently, in human medicine and veterinary medicine, interest in synthetic bone graft is increasing. Among them, bone morphogenic protein (BMP) is currently being actively researched and applied to clinical trials. However, BMP has the disadvantage of being expensive and easily absorbed into surrounding tissues. Therefore, BMP requires the use of small amounts and rhBMP (recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein)-2 carriers that can be released slowly. Hydrogel has the property of swelling a large amount of water inside when it is aqueous solution, and when it is, it consists of more than 90 percent water. Using these properties, hydrogels are often used as rhBMP-2 carrier. The scaffold used in this study is a hydrogel made from which keratin is extracted using human hair and based on it. In this study, we wanted to see the effect of bone formation in the calvarial defect model by using keratin-based hydrogel made with human hair as a scaffold. The experiment was conducted by dividing 3 groups a total of 12 mice. Calvarial bone defect is set to all 4 mm diameters. Bone formation was evaluated by using gross evaluation, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), immunohistochemistry. Groups using keratin-based hydrogel were significantly observed compared to Group 1s, and the most bone formations were found when rhBMP-2 and hydrogel were used. This represents the superiority of the functions of the rhBMP-2 carrier by a new material, keratin-based hydrogel. Through gross evaluation, micro-CT, and immunohistochemistry, we can confirm that keratin-based hydrogel is a useful rhBMP-2 carrier.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.215-215
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• 2004

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) has been known as a major causative factor for the development of uterine cervical carcinomas. To investigate the in vivo activity of HPV16 expressed in squamous epithelia, transgenic mice harboring HPV16 E6/E7 with human keratin 14 (hK14) promoter were generated. Grossly, hK14 driven HPV16 E6/E7 transgenic mice exhibited multiple phenotypes, including wrinkled skin that was apparent prior to the appearance of hair in neonates, thickened ears, and loss of hair in adults. (omitted)

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2012

Generally, hair treatments by complementary actions to give a sense of activity are permanent setting, dyeing, and bleaching, etc. In this study, we investigated the wave formation ability and hair damage occuring in permanent setting and bleaching process. The wave formation ability was evaluated by the differences of length and curl diameter after permanent setting. And the hair damage was also evaluated by the protein release ability and SEM of hair. The bleached hair immediately after permanent setting treatment has better wave formation ability, but much more damaged than the bleached hair after rinsing thoroughly with warm water. It was considered that the chain of hair keratin broke down easily by the bleaching action in the existence of permanent setting agents.