• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.68-68
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2020

This study aimed to develop a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay for the direct detection of Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) from clinical samples using three newly designed oligonucleotide primers specific to the variable lipoprotein haemagglutinin (vlhA) gene and differentiate M. synoviae field strains based on a nucleotide deletion or the insertion of the proline-rich repeat (PRR) region of the vlhA gene. The developed semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay revealed positive results in 12 out of 100 clinical samples collected from chickens showing lameness and joint swelling. Six positive samples were selected randomly for sequencing, and sequence analysis revealed 96.3-100% nucleotide identities compared to the reference sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences of the strains in this study were closely related to WVU1853 (Spain), CK.MS.UDL.PK.2014.2 (Pakistan), and F10-2AS (USA) strains, but they were distinct from the M. synoviae-H vaccine strain sequence. M. synoviae obtained from these samples were identified as types A and C with a length of 38 and 32 amino acids, respectively. These results indicated that the specific and sensitive semi-nested PCR could be a useful diagnostic tool for the direct identification of clinical samples, and the sequence analysis of the partial vlhA gene can be useful for typing M. Synoviae.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.449-454
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• 2004

Ninety pigs under the age of 120-day-old requested at the diagnostic laboratory of animal diseases in Cheju National University were evaluated for the prevalence of tissue antigen and serum antibody to swine influenza virus (SIV). For histopathologic examination there was sampled at the consolidated area in cranioventral or dorsocaudal lobes of lungs. Lung tissues from all pigs were tested for the antigen of SIV type A by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sera from 56 pigs were used for the antibody detection to SIV type A (subtype H1N1 and H3N2) by haemagglutinin inhibition test. Pneumonic lesions were observed in 72 cases (80%) of 90 pigs. Broncho-interstitial or interstitial pneumonia were more prevalent than suppurative or fibrinous bronchopneumonia. According to HI test, 46.4% of the tested sera showed seropositive. Positive sera were consisted with 5.3% for SIV H1N1, 28.6% for SIV H3N2, and 12.5% for both subtype to be tested, respectively. SIV antigens were detected in 51 cases(56.6%) of 90 pigs. Most SIV antigens were presented in the epithelium of the bronchi and bronchiole. Necrotizing bronchitis or bronchiolitis were observed in 28(31.1%) cases of all inspected pigs. These results suggested that SIV might be an important role to induce swine pneumonia in Jeju. Also IHC was very useful for the detection of SIV in the lung.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.2033-2040
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• 2024

Deep learning presents a promising approach to complex biological classifications, contingent upon the availability of well-curated datasets. This study addresses the challenge of analyzing three-dimensional protein structures by introducing a novel pipeline that utilizes open-source tools to convert protein structures into a format amenable to computational analysis. Applying a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) to a dataset of 12,143 avian influenza virus genomes from 64 countries, encompassing 119 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) types, we achieved significant classification accuracy. The pathogenicity was determined based on the presence of H5 or H7 subtypes, and our models, ranging from zero to six mid-layers, indicated that a four-layer model most effectively identified highly pathogenic strains, with accuracies over 0.9. To enhance our approach, we incorporated Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction and one-class SVM for abnormality detection, improving model robustness through bootstrapping. Furthermore, the K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm was fine-tuned via hyperparameter optimization to corroborate the findings. The PCA identified distinct clustering for pathogenic HA, yielding an AUC of up to 0.85. The optimized K-NN model demonstrated an impressive accuracy between 0.96 and 0.97. These combined methodologies underscore our deep learning framework's capacity for rapid and precise identification of pathogenic avian influenza strains, thus providing a critical tool for managing global avian influenza threats.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.135.3-136
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• 2003

In the present study, type A influenza live virus, NC-22-8, which is a combination of a cold-adapted attenuated donor virus (HTCA-A101) and a wild type virus (A/New Caledonia/20/99), was constructed and the efficacy of this new virus was assessed by immunogenicity and protection tests in the mouse model. NC-22-8 (1'$10^7, 1'10^5, 1'10^3$ pfu/mouse) was intranasally administered to mice. Four weeks later, the titers of specific IgG and haemagglutinin inhibiton (HI) were measured from blood and the titer of secretary IgA (sIgA) was also detected from boncho alveolar lavage (BAL) and mucosal fluid. (omitted)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.560-563
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• 2004

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of naked neck gene on mortality, cell mediated and humoral immune response in white plumage broiler population. The mortality of homozygous naked neck (Na/Na) broilers (11.71%) was comparatively lower than that of heterozygous naked neck (Na/na) (12.28%) and normally feathered (na/na) (13.59%) broilers. The humoral immune response was measured against (1% v/v) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) for total haemagglutinin (HA) antibody, 2-mercaptoethanol resistance (MER) or (IgG) antibody and 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive (MES) or (IgM) antibody titre on 7 days post-immunization. The titre was expressed as log2 of the highest dilution which shows complete haemagglutination. Total HA titers of Na/Na and Na/na (11.05$\pm$0.53 and 11.09$\pm$0.38) were comparatively higher than that of na/na (10.26$\pm$0.42). The MES antibody titre of Na/Na (8.50$\pm$0.53) and Na/na (7.63$\pm$0.45) broilers were significantly higher as compared to na/na (6.11$\pm$0.32) broilers. The MER titre of na/na genetic group (4.15$\pm$0.42) was significantly higher than Na/Na (2.55$\pm$0.37) and comparatively higher than Na/na (3.45$\pm$0.38) broilers. In vivo cell response to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), measured as Foot Index (FI) in mm expressed significantly higher response in Na/na (0.473$\pm$0.05) and Na/Na (0.413$\pm$0.04) broilers as compared to na/na (0.304$\pm$0.03) broilers. The result of present study suggested that white plumage naked neck broilers had better immune response as compared to normally feathered broilers.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Eight strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased trout in Korea were characterized and compared with an American type strain by various methods including biochemical and physiological tests, PCR, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), plasmid profiling, and gel electrophoresis of total, membrane, and extracellular proteins. Virulence factors such as surface array proteins, cytotoxin, hemolysin, haemagglutinin, and protease were also investigated. The Korean strains showed heterogeneity in Iysine decarboxylase production, utilization of various carbon sources, and production of acetoin. Five strains had the same profiles of total and membrane proteins. Six strains haemagglutinated with trout red blood cells (RBCs) which was inhibited by fucose, galactose, and mannose, except for No. 1 where haemagglutination was inhibited by only galactose and mannose, but not by fucose. Four isolates haemagglutinated with human RBCs which was inhibited by fucose and mannose yet not by galactose. The type strain haemagglutinated only with trout RBCs which was inhibited by fucose, galactose, and mannose. Every isolate secreted protease, hemolysin, cytotoxin, and siderophore, but no enterotoxin. Results showed that the Korean isolates, except for No.7, had very different biochemical and molecular characteristics from those of the American type strain.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1983

Monoclonal antibodies against Taka virus, a variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), were produced to compare the antigenicites of several avian paramyxoviruses including NDV. It was also used to study the activesite(s) of haemagglutin (HA) and neuraminidase activities of NDV. Five independent hybrid cell lines, which produced monoclonal antibodies against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) molecule of Taka virus, were established. From the results of the cross haemagglutination-inhibition(HI) test the monoclonal antibodies, the HN molecule of Taka virus seemed to have at least three different antigenic determinats; one was specific for all NDV strain tested, the second was only for Taka virus and the third was for Take virus, Banger and Yucaipa Furthermore the differences in the ratio of HI to neuraminidase-inhibition titers suggested that the active sites involved in HA and neuraminidase activities might be different from each other. However, since each of five monoclonal anitbodies was not especially specific for either HA or neuraminidase, the possibility that a single active site on the HN molecule may be responsible for both activities has not been excluded.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2016

The potency of influenza vaccine is determined based on its hemagglutinin (HA) content. In general, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay has been utilized as the standard method to measure HA content. However, preparation of reagents for SRID such as antigen and antibody takes approximately 2~3 months, which causes delays in the development of influenza vaccine. Therefore, quantification of HA content by other alternative methods is required. In this study, we measured HA contents of H1N1 antigen and H1N1 influenza vaccine by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods. The presence of HA1 and HA2 was investigated by silver staining and Western blot assay. In addition, accuracy and repeatability of HA measurement by RP-HPLC were evaluated. Comparison of HA concentration by SRID and RP-HPLC revealed a precise correlation between the two methods. Our results suggest that RP-HPLC assay can replace SRID in the event of a pandemic flu outbreak for rapid vaccine development.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.348-364
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• 1990

The activities of twenty-one flavonoids and their related compounds on the hypersensitivity reaction against various antigens were studied in vitro and in vivo. 1. Generally flavonoids inhibited significantly the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) induced by reaginic antibody as compared as anaphylaxis by compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation, and so more strongly active in the IgE-mediated anaphylaxis than non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. 2. Flavonids inhibited remarkably Arths reaction, hemolysin titer, delayed hypersensitivity, haemagglutinin titer, rosette forming cells and plague forming cells against sheep red blood cells, and so it exhibited that flavonoids inhibited type 2, 3 and 4 hypersensitivity. 3. Quercetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, disodium cromoglycate, malvin and baicalein were active dose-dependently in the all types of hypersensitivity. Fisetin, daidzein, morin, narigin, flavone, catechin, rutin, hesperidin, neophsperidin, apigenin and chrysin were significantly active in the various types of hypersensitivity, but apigenin, rutin and catechin were less active in the delayed hypersensitivity. Taxifolin was significantly active in PCA and histamine-induced anaphylaxis except other types of hypersensitivity. Rotenone and cyanin also inhibited all types of hypersensitivity, but they are toxic. 4. Based on these results from hypersensitivity, the following flavonoid structure-activity relationships became apparent. 1) Flavonoids with $C_{2-3}$ double bond in C-ring were more active than that of $C_{2-3}$ saturation. 2) Flavonoids with $C_4$ ketone group in C-ring were more active than abscence of them except catechin and malvin. 3) Flavonoids with benzene ring at positions 2 or 3 in C-ring exhibited same activities. 4) Flavonoids with opening of the C-ring does not abolish their activities. 5) The glycosylated flavonoids in position 3 or 7 was less active than their aglycone. 6) Flavonoids with the more hydroxy group in A and B-ring were more active. 7) Flavonoids with or without $C_3-OH$ did not change their activities.